[Efim Ivanovich Smirnov--an outstanding founder of the military medicine and civil health care (to the 110th anniversary of birth)].

In October 2014 we celebrate the 110th anniversary of the birth of Chief of the Main Military Medical Administration of the People's Commissariat of Defense, Minister of Health of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Colonel-General of the Medical Service Efim Smirnov (1904-1989). The article highlights biographical information about him.

[About the treatment of battlefield injuries of the musculoskeletal system with the help of new "Rod field package"].

Injuries of the musculoskeletal system are at 60% of all battlefield injures and take first place in modern military conflicts. The main antishock measures are: pain management, emergency bleeding control, bone fragment positioning and fracture fixation. Specialist of the centre of traumatology and orthopaedics of the Burdenko General Military Clinical Hospital in cooperation with specialists of department of battlefield surgery of Mandryka Clinical Research and Training Medical Centre analysed the most effective domestic and foreign external fixators and developed Rod field package (RFP). The above mentioned researched had two stages. On the first (analytical) stage specialists formulated requirements for idea rod field external fixator. On the second (experimental) stage tests with the help of plastic models of long bones were carried out. The performed analysis showed, that installation of the external fixator is easy and fast, the external fixator is light and has capabilities for 3D bone fragment positioning and fracture fixation, the external fixator is radiotransparent. Implementation of this package into the clinical practice of delivery of battlefield emergency surgical care may improve results of treatment.

[Hip replacement in military personnel].

Hip joint diseases and injuries are common for orthopedic pathology among military personnel. Hip replacement is one of the most frequent operations. Authors evaluated hip replacement in 136 servicemen treated at the center of traumatology and orthopedics of Burdenko General Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of Russia in 2010-2013. On the basis of the conducted analysis the main disease groups were revealed, peculiarities of pathology among this category of patients. Authors proposed surgical doctrine for the treatment of this contingent. Effective surgical treatment, in particular, hip replacement surgery, conducted with the use of the proposed principles, as a rule, fully functionally cured patients and contributes to return them in the system that contributes to the strengthening of defensibility of the country.

[The Central Navy Clinical Hospital celebrates 30th anniversary].

The article is devoted to the history of formation and development of the Central Navy Clinical Hospital (since 2010--3rd branch of Burdenko General Clinical Hospital) for the last 30 years. Nowadays normal bed capacity totals 600 beds, 30 medical and preventive units function in the hospital. Annually 11,000 patients receive treatment in the hospital.

[Moscow Semenov cemetery--a monument of military glory of Russia].

Until recently, beyond the attention of the public and the scientific community remains the question of memorializatsii once existed in Moscow, a large-scale military burial--Semenov military cemetery. This cemetery was not associated with any one war, and actually covered several periods of military history of Russia. Today, this place can be perceived as a symbol of Russia's military prowess, as a unique fraternal burial of soldiers of different generations. Today, thanks to the initiative of the public, the Chief Military Clinical Hospital. N.N. Burdenko Institute of History and Archives State Humanitarian University, the Union of Russian ethnographers, with the support of the Prefecture of HLW in Moscow and the district council "Falcon Hill" is working on giving the territory of the park, located in the cemeteries of Semenov, the status of places of interest here in order to create a military memorial. August 25, 2011 there was established the foundation stone of the future memorial. Continued hard work to gather and organize archival materials on the history of the necropolis Semenov, developed the scientific and artistic vision for the future memorial site. Memorial, designed by leading Russian experts--historians, sculptors, architects, artists who will be able to enrich the historical and cultural heritage of the city, will preserve the historical continuity of the traditions of the military glory of Russia, to perpetuate the memory of generations of defenders of the Fatherland.

[Delphi technique: theory and suggestions on usage in health care and military medicine].

The authors pursued research of adaptability of Delphi technique for solution of organizing problems of health care and military medicine in modem conditions. The essence of the research lies in the fact that with the help of serial consecutive actions--questioning and interviews of the most authoritarian specialists--intellectual elite of health care and military medicine (former leaders of GVMU MO RF (State Military-Medical Department of Moscow Region of Russian Federation) and their deputy directors, also famous specialists in the field of organization of health care and military medicine), and with the help of "brainstorms" to achieve the maximal agreement under the elaboration of strategy, ways and perspectives of the development of medical service of MO RF and also search of concrete solutions of actual military-medical problems.

[About the administration of treatment and diagnostic process in the Main Military Clinical Hospital n. a. N.N.Burdenko].

Since December 1, 2009 was reorganized the structure and significantly extended the composition of hospitals and outpatient clinics (subsidiaries) subordinated to the Main Military Clinical Hospital n.a N.N. Burdenko, hospital bed capacity increased to 3770 beds available against 1320. In fact GVKG in new structure has become a major hospital health-care union. The need for sustainability of the union demanded revision of the available and create a modern management system. The aim of performed study was to examine lessons learned, building a new system and strengthening the chain of command. Achieving this goal required the development and introduction of modern, more precise and well-functioning system of interaction between units, and the collection of primary medical and health-economic information for assessing the performance of departments, centers, divisions and associations in general, making more informed decisions the organization of therapeutic and prophylactic and therapeutic and diagnostic work.

[About the problems and prospects of improving of governance in the modern hospital associations].

The problems of efficiency of management of officials of hospital healthcare association of manage of remote branch offices and the structural units of the Main Military Clinical Hospital n. a. N.N. Burdenko is examined. Emphasizes the role of improved information exchange, collect and analyze medical and other information. As a tool, that can provide consolidation and optimal utilization of institutional capacity, and all the information and analytical resources offered to create a situational control center (div) of hospital health-care associations. The result of the introduction will increase div validity and quality of management decisions of the leadership of the words: management, hospital treatment and prevention association, communication, situational control center.

[The Main Military Hospital during the Great Patriotic War].

Was characterized activity of the Central Military Clinical Hospital by Burdenko N.N. during the Great Patriotic War. From the first days work of the hospital was reorganized in dependence of needs of war time. More then 50% of physicians went in army, leading specialists were established main surgeons and therapeutics of fronts and armies. During the war efforts of collective were aimed on the main purpose--return life and health to the biggest number of patients, and the hospital pulled off this mission. During the war were treated more then 74 000 of ill and wounded persons, 82% of them were returned in troops.

[The 20th anniversary of Urological Center of Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko].

In 1988, for the first time according to Directive of Central Command of Armed Forces of USSR in Main Military Clinical Hospital by Burdenko N.N. was founded a interhospital unit - Urological center. The article presents the analyze of work of the Center during 20 years. The most frequent diseases--adenoma of prostate, malignant swelling and benign tumour of urological organs, urolithiasis, traumatic damages of urological organs. During a year 4500-4700 persons are treated, 1450-1500 are operated. Every year 44-77 military medical men are studying, 20-26 clinical attending physicians study for 2 or 3 years. During last 8 years 422 military medical men and 68 clinical attending physicians have studied.

[Ophthalmosurgical care in the local armed conflict].

The peculiarities of ophthalmosurgical care were studied in 62 employees and servicemen from RF Ministry for Internal Affairs (MIA) with traumatic injuries of 87 eyes (207 ophthalmosurgical interventions). It was shown that the main negative factors influencing on the treatment outcomes were the multi-staged specialized medical care, the late periods of primary surgical treatment of perforated injuries, the insufficient volume of ophthalmosurgical interventions at the stages of medical evacuation. According to the data of RF MIA Main Clinical Hospital and RF MIA Main Military Clinical Hospital the consecutive performance of ophthalmologic operations with the use of modern technologies at the stage of specialized medical care allowed decreasing significantly the number of complications, improving the outcomes of ocular severe injuries, shortening the treatment time and obtaining the highest optical result.

[An efficiency study of transplantation of allogenic fibroblasts cultivated in collagen gel for the treatment of corneal burn defects in experiment]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti transplantatsii kul'tivirovannykh allogennykh fibroblastov v kollagenovom gele pri lechenii ozhogovykh defektov rogovitsy v éksperimente.

The paper contains the results of using a mew method applicable to regulation of corneal regeneration, i.e. transplantation of allogenic fibroblasts cultivated in collagen gel within an experimental model of acute alkali corneal burns in rabbits. Two experimental stages, involving 120 animals, were undertaken. The above method was used, at stage 1, on day 2 after trauma and, at stage 2, it was applied in two weeks after ocular burns with profound corneal defects were inflicted. The clinical, morphological and immune-histochemical examinations were used to show a high efficiency of the method in healing the corneal burn wounds; the mechanism of the therapeutic action of the transplant components exerted on regeneration of the affected cornea was investigated; finally, good outlooks for using the discussed method in clinical practice were proven.

[Frequency of detection and distribution of narrow pupil in patients with cataracts]. / Chastota vyiavleniia i raspredelenie uzkogo zrachka u bol'nykh s kataraktoi.

The authors have analyzed 445 patients (464 eyes) living in the Leningrad Region who underwent the removal of age and complicated cataracts (except posttraumatic and diabetic). The pupils width was evaluated against the background of mydriasis with instillations of 1% tropicamid solution. The patients were investigated for the presence of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PES) and glaucoma. Narrow pupil, PES and glaucoma were observed more often in men than in women (P < 0.05). In patients with isolated PES the narrow pupil was revealed in 32.6%, with isolated glaucoma--in 41.4%, with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma--in 90.9% of the cases. In eyes without PES and glaucoma the narrow pupil was noted in 1.2%. The frequency of detection of narrow pupils increases with age (in patients older than 50 years) and depends on the degree of cataract maturity.