[Use of lactusan for the correction of microecological intestinal disturbances in children]. / Primenenie laktusana dlia korrektsii mikroékologicheskikh narushenii kishechnika u detei.

The study demonstrated that lactusan (lactulose) could be used as an effective remedy in dysbacteriosis. Twenty four sick children aged 1 month to 15 years were examined. Administration of lactusan to 21 patients resulted in perceptible improvement of clinical symptoms, mainly to the cessation of diarrhea. In 14 children an increase in the population level of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms were observed. Lactulose should be referred to prebiotics.

[Medical aspect of food starch]. / Meditsinskii aspeky pishchevogo krakhmala.

In the review are considered aspects of food starch such as its relationship with cancer of the large intestine, its absorption, digestion and metabolism, influence of starch on the composition and biochemical characteristics of microbiocenosis.

[The effect of freezing the kidney in the terminal stage of hydronephrosis on its parenchymal function, arterial pressure regulation and erythropoiesis]. / Vliianie zamorazhivaniia pochki v terminal'noi stadii gidronefroza na sostoianie ee parenkhimy, reguliatsiiu arterial'nogo davleniia i éritropoéza.

The authors studied morphological changes in renal tissue in terminal hydronephrosis and in exposure of freezing, regulation of arterial pressure and erythropoiesis in cryogenic effects on hydronephrotic kidney in experiment. Reparative changes in the parenchyma appear on day 30 after freezing, systemic arterial pressure and bone marrow erythropoietic activity returned to normal. Freezing is thought more physiological compared to nephrectomy in respect to prevention of nephrogenic hypertension and anemia.

[Cryogenic effect on renal tissue and condition of intrarenal hemodynamics]. / Vliianie kriogennogo vozdeistviia na tkan' pochki i sostoianie intrarenal'noi gemodinamiki.

The paper presents experimental evidence on morphologic changes in intact kidney, tissue temperature, renal blood supply and glomerular filtration in response to freezing. Cryogenic effects manifested as necrotic and dystrophic processes. Damage to the tubular and glomerular cells can be corrected. Blood flow in the kidney was not interrupted but was directed through the bypass routes.

[Psychogenias of the refusal reaction type in patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia]. / O psikhogeniiakh tipa reaktsii otkaza u bol'nykh vialotekushchei shizofreniei.

Psychogenias of the refusal reaction type observed in long-term stages of torpid schizophrenia in patients with marked negative changes and decreased fitness for work were subjected to clinical analysis. The results obtained suggest that such reactions are caused by the altered "background" in the form of distorted manifestations of psychic infantilism expressed here as a peculiar psychopathy-like defect of a "passively dependent personality disturbance" type. The study has made it possible to specify the psychopathologic structure of psychogenic states of the refusal reaction type which includes, apart from a characteristic psychogenic complex, anxiety depression in combination with signs of motor inhibition, as well as varying disturbances with refusal characteristics, attended by "evasive behaviour".

[Typology of the defect in patients with non-manifest schizophrenia (clinico-psychological study)]. / K tipologii defetka u bol'nykh nemanifestnoi shizofreniei (kliniko-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie).

A comprehensive examination of the defect at long-term stages of the course of non-manifest schizophrenia with a decrease in social adaptation showed that its nature was not uniform in relation to both the clinical structure and specific psychological parameters. The results demonstrated that the two different types of the defect, "torpid fanatics" and "dependent personalities", correlated with the internal and external locus control. Specific features of social adaptation corresponding to the developed typology were also specified: preservation of the formal orientation on the social norms and super-worship orientations in the first type of the defect or aspiration for only personal welfare and dependence on the microsocial environment in the second. In agreement with the data obtained, the authors developed differential recommendations for rehabilitation which requires consideration of superworship interests and skills in the given area in the first group of patients and of the inclination for manual work and industriousness in conditions of constant supervision in the second group of patients.

[Localized intravascular coagulation in the microcirculatory bed of the brain in hemorrhagic strokes]. / Lokalizovannoe vnutrisosudistoe svertyvanie krovi v mikrotsirkuliatornom rusle golovnogo mozga pri gemorragicheskikh insul'takh.

Localized intravascular coagulation (prethrombi, fibrin thrombi, aggregation and agglutination of red blood cells) in the microcirculatory bed of the brain in hemorrhagic stroke is secondary to cerebral hemorrhage. Microcirculatory impairments, as well as consumption of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis activation aggravate cerebral circulation disorders and contribute to an expansion of the involved area. Identification of the causes of the development, place and role of intravascular coagulation in the patho- and thanatogenesis of hemorrhagic strokes will make it possible to determine the ways of adequate medicated correction of these hemostatic disorders.

[Intensive psychopharmacologic therapy of slowly-progressive schizophrenia]. / Intensivnaia psikhofarmakologicheskaia terapiia maloprogredientnoi shizofrenii.

The authors analyze the results of psychopharmacotherapy of 120 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia characterized by a high resistance to the treatment. Two new methods of the intensive therapy of such conditions (discrete and daily intravenous drip of tranquilizers in conjunction with low doses of neuroleptics) are described. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic substantiation of each of the two techniques is presented. Clinical indications for their use have been elaborated.

[Transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by Aspergillus niger 15 beta-xylosidase]. / Izuchenie reaktsii transglikozilirovaniia, kataliziruemykh beta-ksilozidazoi Aspergillus niger 15.

The products of transglycosylation formed as a result of action of beta-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger 15 on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside were studied by means of chromatography on sephadexes. They are formed at the substrate concentration of 10--100 mM with the amount 7--10 times less than that of hydrolysis products. Peculiarities of chromatography of substrates, products of transglycosylation and p-nitrophenol on Sephadexes G-15 and G-25 were analysed.

[Carbohydrate component of Penicillium funiculosum dextranase]. / Uglevodnyi komponent dekstranazy Penicillium funiculosum.

The carbohydrate composition of dextranase from Penicillium funiculosum 15, as well as the composition of products of dextran deep hydrolysis by the enzyme were studied. The products are normally used to stabilize the enzyme during its purification. Using the methods available, it was possible to identify only part of strongly bound (adsorbed) carbohydrates. It was found that dextranase from Pen. funiculosum 15 contained two types of carbohydrates strongly bound with protein: adsorbed and covalently bound carbohydrates. A procedure allowing a complete separation of adsorbed carbohydrates was developed. The procedure is based on the use of stabilizing additives of readily separable carbohydrates. The enzyme, which is shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Na-dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol to be homogeneous, consists of 313 amino acid residues, 3 glucosamine residues and residues of mannose, galactose and fucose in the ratio 6:2:1.

[Detection of transglycosylation reactions under the influence of Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma viride cellulase]. / Obnaruzhenie reaktsii transglikozilirovaniia pri deistvii preparatov tselliulaz Trichoderma koningii i Trichoderma viride.

The transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by the low molecular weight endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from the cellulase complex of Trichoderma koningii as well as unseparated complexes from Tr. koningii and Tr. viride were investigated. The products obtained from the mixture of cellodextrine (donor, 0.5%) and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (acceptor, 0.4%) with the aid of the above enzymes were analyzed. Transglycosylation products were separated by Sephadex G-15 gel-filtration. In all the three cases the highest molecular weight p-nitrophenyl glycosides of oligosaccharides (with a molecular weight of over 1500) were first synthesized and then hydrolyzed. At the beginning of the reaction the amount of p-nitrophenyl glycosides of oligosaccharides synthesized was greater than that of the reducing groups measured according to Nelson. Addition of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside to cellodextrine did not influence the rate with which the latter was hydrolyzed by endoglucanase.

[Purification and properties of low molecular weight endoglucanase of the cellulase complex from Trichoderma koningii]. / Ochistka i svoistva nizkomolekuliarnoi endogliukanazy tselliulaznogo kompleksa iz Trichoderma koningii.

A homogenous low molecular weight 1,4-beta-glucan glucanohydrolase (endoglucanase) has been isolated from a crude commercial preparation of cellokoningine P10X of T. koningii origin. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 13 000. The endoglucanase was obtained as a lyophylized preparation free of the cellobiase activity. It was shown that cellobiose or methylcellobioside activate the effect of the low molecular weight endoglucanase (measured by the viscometric technique with respect to CMC hydrolysis) and at the same time almost completely suppress the activity of high molecular weight endoglucanases from the sane source. A detailed kinetic study of the effects showed that the low molecular weight enzyme is activated by a transglycosylation mechanism, where cellobiose acts as an added nucleophile. The activation is 6-fold at saturating concentrations of cellobiose (Ks = 15 mM). It was shown that diverse kinetic behaviour of cellobiose which can act both as activatory and inhibitor for endoglucanases from different sources can be explained, firstly, by different ratios of low to high molecular weight endoglucanases in the cellulase complexes, and, secondly, by their ability to catalyze transglycosylation reactions, which, in turn, results in a transfer of reducing end groups of the reaction products onto cellobiose as an added nucleophile.