[АComparative analysis of the magnitude of the distance and lens-induced objective accommodative response in patients with different refraction]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz velichiny distantnogo i lensindutsirovannogo ob''ektivnogo akkomodatsionnogo otveta pri razlichnoi refraktsii.

AIM: To study the magnitude of objective accommodative response (OAR) with account to the method of image defocusing. The latter can be realized by bringing the object nearer to the eye or by adding a minus lens in front of the viewer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 63 patients (126 eyes) with different refraction aged from 7 to 31 years. All patients underwent a series of OAR measurements on WR-5100K Grand Seiko Binocular Open-Field Autorefkeratometer under different conditions, including negative spherical lenses of -3.0 D and -5.0 D, test optotypes corresponding to visual acuity of 0.2 and 0.7 and presented at a distance of 5 m, and a set of variably sized optotypes presented at a distance of 33 cm and 20 cm. RESULTS: A disparity was found between the magnitude of accommodative responses evoked through different means: placing a negative lens in front of the viewer while he/she looks into the distance or bringing the object closer to the eye. In almost all cases lens-induced responses were less pronounced than distance-induced. In all myopic children, accommodative lag was longer at near than at distance. Generally, in all groups, OAR to distant objects as well as responses to a 3.0 D accommodative task at near did not depend on the size of the object. There was an insignificant and statistically unreliable difference for objects placed 20 cm away (5.0 D accommodative task): OAR to a smaller font was stronger than that to a larger one. CONCLUSION: In children and adults with emmetropia, hyperopic children, and myopic adults, longer accommodative lags were characteristic of lens-induced responses. In children with myopia, longer lags were observed at near. Moreover, at near, OAR to a smaller font was stronger than that to a larger one.

[Acoustic density of sclera as a prognostic factor of peripheral vitreochorioretinal degenerations in myopia: results of 10-years follow-up].

Prognostic value of acoustic density of sclera (ADS) is studied in development of peripheral vitreochorioretinal degenerations (PVCRD) in myopia. Children aged 8-10 years old with noncomplicated high and moderate myopia were divided into two groups after ADS measurement: 1 with ADS < or = 39dB - unfavorable prognosis, 2 with ADS >39dB - favorable prognosis. Follow-up during 10 years with examinations twice a year confirmed prognosis accuracy: in the 1st group PVCRD developed 2.5 times as often as in the 2nd group (64.6 and 25.6% respectively).

[Scleral fortification in children at high risk of progressive myopia]. / Ukreplenie sklery u detei s povyshennym riskom progressirovaniia blizorukosti.

To improve scleroplasty efficacy in children at a high risk of postoperative progress of myopia the authors have developed a new surgical method involving increase of the transplant size and its preoperative treatment with a foamy composition intended for filling the body cavities. Experimental biomechanical and morphologic studies have demonstrated that such treatment improves the transplant elasticity and strength, provides its better adhesion and fixation to the sclera at the expense of excellent adhesive properties of the foamy composition, and intensifies revascularization and stabilization processes in the connective tissue. Such surgery was effectively performed in 46 patients.

[Regional characteristics of anticancer education]. / Regional'nye osobennosti protivorakovoi propagandy.

An effective prevention of primary cancer is not feasible unless programs of cancer control education intended for specific populations have been developed. The paper compares the questionnaire-based data on 3442 residents of Moscow and certain regions in the Central Asia and Northern Caucasus for 1964-1984. It was found that the standards of cancer control education are still low. Only 15-20% are prepared to receive treatment for chronic diseases to prevent cancer and only 34-55% see a point in occupational screenings for early cancer detection. 40.5% ignore regular screenings, two-thirds deliberately avoid them and 14% admit apprehension that cancer may be detected. A healthy way of life is considered effective in avoiding cancer by 33--48% only. The report discusses certain age- and occupation-related recommendations on education in prevention of malignant tumors, including measures aimed at promoting a healthy way of life and giving up alcohol and smoking.

[Effect of temperature on the occurrence and repair of radiaiton-induced damage to V. faba and Chinese hamster cells]. / Vliianie temperatury na vozniknovenie i reparatsiiu indutsirovannykh radiatsiei povrezhdenii u V. faba i kletok kitaiskogo khomiachka

Keeping of irradiated cells at the temperature differing from the optimal one affects differently the stages of the cellular cycle and survival rate revealing the protection in G2 at 4 degrees C and increasing the number of cells with aberrations at the expense of interchromosome chromide translocations. Caffein decreased the survival rate of cells kept in suspension at 4 degrees C.