[Aneurysmal bone cyst in children].

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), a tumor-like destructive lesion, is characterized by the presence of cavities of different sizes, which are filled with blood, connective tissue-septated with fibroblasts, histiocytes, osteoclast multinucleated giant cells, osteoids, bone trabecules, and accompanied by high intraosseous pressure. ABC most frequently occurs in the second decade of life. ABC is located in the metaphyseal area in children, by displacing to the diaphysis during their growth. Surgery is a basic treatment for ABC. Its relapses frequently occur, which depends on the method of a surgical intervention, methodic activity, and the belonging to a risk group (including a combination of age, cyst size, process phase, and location).

[Artificial contrasting of the hip joint in children and adolescents: X-ray anatomic study]. / Iskusstvennoe kontrastirovanie tazobedrennogo sustava u detei i podrostkov (rentgeno-anatomicheskoe issledovanie).

The diagnostic capacities of currently available radiation diagnostic techniques in imaging some anatomic structures of the hip joint (HJ) were determined on the basis of studies of 70 sectional sets of HJs in children and adolescents aged 0 to 13 years through X-ray and anatomic comparisons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice in visualizing the cartilaginous and soft-tissue structures of HJ in children and adolescents. MR-arthrography extends the capacities of the technique in imaging the articular surfaces and intraarticular structures of the joint. Contrast enhancement of the HJ cavity during X-ray study and computed tomography may be an alternative to MRI as it makes it possible to well visualize the cartilaginous head of the femur, the cartilaginous borders of the cotyloid cavity, the limbus, etc. Double contrasting enhances the capacities of detailed imaging of the articular surfaces, intraarticular structures, capsules, and ligamentous apparatus of HJ. The studies performed have specified the time course of anatomic changes during HJ growth and defined the method of choice or an alternative procedure of radiation techniques in the diagnosis of these changes, which is of great importance for early detection of pathological changes and for choice of therapeutic and diagnostic policy.

Effect of embryonic bone tissue on bone regeneration.

Fragmented embryonic bone tissue stimulates bone regeneration. Bone formation starts not from implanted embryonic fragments, but in intact periosteum and endosteum containing cambial cells of the osteodifferon. In rabbits, recovery of damaged radial bone after implantation of fragmented embryonic bone tissue into bone defect was associated with a pronounced periosteal reaction and focal resorption of intact ulnar bone. Consolidation of damaged radial bone without implantation of fragmented embryonic bone tissue was incomplete in all experimental animals.

Pelvic polyfractures in children. Radiographic diagnosis and treatment.

Results of clinical and radiographic examinations of 43 patients, 4 to 15 years old, with pelvic polyfractures during acute- and long-term periods of trauma, and postmortem and experimental data were presented. A high rate of diagnostic mistakes and treatment failures in patients with pelvic polyfractures are defined. Depending on the location and pattern of pelvis injuries, the main reasons for complications are determined. A technique of external fixation with the application of a pivot device for managing pelvic polyfractures in children is described. The efficacy of the proposed curative tactics is shown by treatment results of 12 patients with pelvic polyfractures.

[Pathological dislocation of the femur in young children--a problem for the pediatrician, surgeon and orthopedist]. / Patologicheskii vyvikh bedrennoi kosti u detei rannego vozrasta--problema pediatra, khirurga i ortopeda.

The authors consider, that orthopedic treatment should be carried out from the first days of illness together with the surgent of the unit of the newborns or the department of children surgery. The results of treatment of metaepiphysial osteomyelitis of femoral bone proximal end in early age children depend on timely diagnostics, treatment adequacy, rational fixation of the injured extremity and subsequent orthopedic treatment.