Programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica / Traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology

RESUMEN Es fundamental la enseñanza de la parasitología humana para los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, especialmente la médica, por ser un importante problema de salud pública con distribución mundial, con alta frecuencia en países de bajos recursos económicos y por su presencia en aquellos países considerados desarrollados. En este sentido, se estima que existen en el mundo 2800 millones de individuos infectados con geohelmintos, 20 % a 30 % de infectados con Toxoplasma gondii, 300 a 500 millones de casos nuevos de malaria al año y aproximadamente 15 millones de latinoamericanos con enfermedad de Chagas, una enfermedad causada por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En este artículo de revisión narrativa se analiza información disponible en repositorios digitales sobre aspectos del programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica, para lo cual se emplearon descriptores o palabras clave en estrecha relación con el tema. Los artículos que se revisaron principalmente fueron aquellos publicados en revistas científicas arbitradas, indexadas y de reconocido prestigio. Asimismo, se describen el programa tradicional de parasitología y la pedagogía prevalente empleada, con el propósito de fomentar el debate sobre los métodos que conducen a su aprendizaje. Por otro lado, si se consideran el carácter dinámico que posee este proceso y los constantes desafíos que deben afrontarse en este campo, esta información puede ayudar a explorar nuevas formas de enseñar la parasitología en respuesta a las exigencias del contexto. En conclusión, las enfermedades parasitarias han afectado a la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, y han causado enfermedades, discapacidad y la muerte de millones de personas. Por tanto, entre las medidas para combatir tan terrible flagelo se señala la capacitación de más y mejores profesionales en el área, por su papel preponderante en el diseño y ejecución de los programas de control, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de describir en detalle las características de la enseñanza tradicional de esta rama del conocimiento ―como se muestra en el contenido de este escrito― en virtud de la existencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza humana: la enseñanza participativa, aprendizaje basado en problemas y aprendizaje asistido por internet.

ABSTRACT The teaching of human parasitology is essential for students of health sciences, especially medicine, because it is a major global public health problem―occurring with high frequency in low-income countries―and because of its presence in countries considered developed. In this sense, it is estimated that worldwide there are 2,800 million individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths, 20 to 30% people infected with Toxoplasma gondii, 300 to 500 million new cases of malaria per year, and nearly 15 million Latin Americans with Chagas disease, an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This narrative review article analyzes information available in digital repositories on aspects of the traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology using descriptors or keywords closely related to the topic. The reviewed articles were mainly those published in peer-reviewed, indexed and prestigious scientific journals. Moreover, the traditional program of parasitology and the prevailing pedagogy are described with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the methods that lead to its learning. Also, given the dynamic nature of this process and the constant challenges that must be faced in this field, said information can help to explore new ways of teaching parasitology in answer to the demands of the context. In conclusion, parasitic diseases have affected humankind throughout history, causing illness, disability and death in millions of people. Therefore, among the measures to fight such a terrible scourge, the training of more and better professionals in the area is promoted due to their leading role in the design and execution of control programs. As a result, the need to describe in detail the characteristics of the traditional teaching of this branch of knowledge arises―as shown in this paper―in view of the new human teaching methods: participatory learning, problem-based learning and Internetassisted learning.

The overturn of Roe v. Wade beyond abortion: a snapshot of methotrexate accessibility for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases-a mixed methods study using Twitter data.

In June 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States (US) overturned the right established in Roe v. Wade to terminate a pregnancy. Subsequently, some states passed abortion ban laws prohibiting the use of abortive methods, including methotrexate (MTX), which has been a cornerstone drug in rheumatology. We aimed to explore and analyze Twitter data to comprehend the short-term implications of the overturn on rheumatology care. We conducted a mixed methods study using social media (SoMe) data. Tweets publicly posted using "#Methotrexate or Methotrexate" were tracked. A combination of SoMe performance data with qualitative hashtag co-occurrence analysis and content analysis was conducted. A total of 5180 posts were generated and reached approximately 40 million users. Seventy-three percent of all publications came from the US. Females posted more than males. Additionally, the three pairs of hashtags with higher co-occurrence were: #roevswade, #abortionishealthcare, and #rheumatoidarthritis. From the content analysis, three main themes were generated: (i) violence against women, (ii) health policy without public health intelligence, and (iii) call for strategic alliances in favor of public health. The combination of biological sex and state of residence could condition the use of MTX. Men will be able to continue their treatment; however, women could lose continuity of it. Inequity in access to treatment is a political decision, just as it is to reproduce inequities and vulnerabilities through the actions taken. Not having access to MTX for rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) is a critical issue that endangers the physical and mental health of people with RMDs.

Blastocystis sp. puesta al día sobre su papel parasitario

Blatocystis sp. un parásito unicelular, anaerobio y de gran variabilidad genética del intestino de animal y del ser humano de distribución mundial y el de mayor prevalencia entre las zoonosis intestinales que ha estado inmerso en controversias y revisiones por su taxonomía, características morfológicas, ciclo de vida y papel patógeno. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente escrito es la consolidación de información sobre estos y otros aspectos de Blatocystis sp. producto de la revisión de la literatura científica. Se trata de un estudio documental. Los datos encontrados fueron agrupados en 8 capítulos a saber: tipificación, comportamiento epidemiológico, ciclo de vida y morfología parasitaria, patogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y reflexiones finales. En esta revisión se actualizan aspectos relativos a Blatocystis sp. con el objeto de mostrar las tendencias del conocimiento sobre esta parasitosis como base esencial de las estrategias de promoción y prevención que adoptan los países contra Blatocystis sp.

Blastocystis sp. a single-celled, anaerobic parasite of great genetic variability in the intestine of animals and humans of worldwide distribution and the one with the highest prevalence among intestinal zoonoses that has been immersed in controversies and reviews due to its taxonomy, morphological characteristics, life cycle and role pathogen. Therefore, the objective of this paper is the consolidation of information on these and other aspects of Blastocystis sp. product of the review of the scientific literature. It is a documentary study. The data found were grouped into 8 chapters: typification, epidemiological behavior, life cycle and parasitic morphology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and final reflections. In this review, aspects related to Blastocystis sp. in order to show the current trends of knowledge about this parasitism as an essential basis of the promotion and prevention strategies that countries adopt against Blastocystis sp.

El parasitismo en películas de ciencia ficción y su empleo como herramienta para el control de las enfermedades parasitarias / Parasitismo em filmes de ficção científica e sua utilização como ferramenta para o controle de doenças parasitárias / Parasitism in science fiction films and their use as a tool for the control of parasitic diseases

Introducción: las enfermedades parasitarias constituyen un importante problema de salud pública por su elevada morbilidad, mortalidad y potencial incapacitante en el ser humano y por su difícil control dado los variados y complicados ciclos de vida. Objetivo: presentar una reflexión desde la perspectiva técnica-científica de la aplicabilidad como material para guiones de película de ciencia ficción, de las características biológicas de varios parásitos que afectan al ser humano y a los animales con el fin de disminuir o atenuar el problema sanitario que para la salud pública representan los mismos. Método: estudio basado en el examen de una película de ciencia ficción y en la revisión documental sobre relaciones parasitarias con base en el análisis-sintético, la inducción-deducción, la observación y el enfoque sistémico. Resultados: del análisis se desprenden los siguientes aspectos: el parasitismo en la ciencia ficción y el parásito como manipulador de la conducta del hospedador. Conclusiones: algunas películas de ciencia ficción se centran de forma no intencional en las relaciones entre parásito y hospedador, pues hacen evidente la manipulación parasitaria de la conducta del hospedador en busca de incrementar su transmisión, por tanto, las películas pueden constituirse en un elemento importante de los programas educativos de control, se refuerza así el papel del cine como medio audiovisual para el éxito de los planes de salud(AU)

Introduction: parasitic diseases constitute an important public health problem due to their high morbidity, mortality and disabling potential in humans and because of their difficult control given the varied and complicated life cycles. Objective: to present a reflection from the technical-scientific perspective of the applicability as material for sci-fi movie scripts, of the biological characteristics of several parasites that affect humans and animals in order to reduce or mitigate the health problem that for public health they represent the same. Method: study based on the examination of a science fiction film and the documentary review on parasitic relationships based on synthetic-analysis, inductiondeduction, observation and systemic approach. Results: the following aspects emerge from the analysis: parasitism in science fiction and the parasite as a manipulator of host behavior. Conclusions: some science fiction films focus unintentionally on the relations between parasite and host, as they make evident the parasitic manipulation of the host's behavior in search of increasing its transmission, therefore, the films can become an important element of the educational control programs, the role of cinema as an audiovisual medium for the success of health plans is reinforced(AU)

Introdução: as doenças parasitárias constituem um importante problema de saúde pública devido à sua alta morbidade, mortalidade e potencial incapacitante em seres humanos e devido ao seu difícil controle devido aos variados e complicados ciclos de vida. Objetivo: apresentar uma reflexão, do ponto de vista técnico-científico, da aplicabilidade como material para roteiros de ficção científica, das características biológicas de vários parasitas que afetam seres humanos e animais, a fim de reduzir ou mitigar o problema de saúde que para a saúde pública, eles representam o mesmo. Método: estudo baseado no exame de um filme de ficção científica e na revisão documental sobre relações parasitárias baseadas em análise sintética, indução-dedução, observação e abordagem sistêmica. Resultados: emergem da análise os seguintes aspectos: parasitismo na ficção científica e o parasita como manipulador do comportamento do hospedeiro. Conclusões: alguns filmes de ficção científica enfocam involuntariamente as relações entre parasita e hospedeiro, pois evidenciam a manipulação parasitária do comportamento do hospedeiro em busca de aumentar sua transmissão, portanto, os filmes podem se tornar um elemento importante dos programas de controle educacional, reforça-se o papel do cinema como meio audiovisual para o sucesso dos planos de saúde(AU)

Incidental diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele with vaginal ultrasonography and computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal mucocele is an uncommon entity that may be encountered at the time of abdominal surgery performed for an unrelated indication. The diagnosis may be suggested by imaging with ultrasonography or computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Whereas early resection is curative, failure to recognize the disorder may lead to rupture and the devastating consequences of pseudomyxoma peritonei. CASE: Following an annual gynecologic checkup in a healthy 63-year-old woman, vaginal ultrasonography along with a subsequent computed tomographic study raised the possibility that an incidental appendiceal mucocele was present. At laparoscopy, this diagnosis was confirmed and the lesion was resected using minimally invasive techniques. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal mucocele facilitates the successful management of this rare disorder.