Opioid prescriptions among the World Trade Center Health Program population.

BACKGROUND: The World Trade Center Health Program (Program) provides limited health care to those directly affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Because of physical/mental trauma arising from the 9/11 attacks, Program members might be at high risk of opioid use. To prevent prescription opioid overuse, in 2018 the Program implemented various measures to improve opioid prescribing and expand access to non-opioid pain management among Program members. However, the characteristics of opioid prescriptions dispensed among this population has never been described. METHODS: Administrative and claims data from 07/01/2011 to 09/30/2022 were used to describe opioid prescriptions dispensed during 2013-2021. RESULTS: From 2013-2021, 108,285 members were Program-enrolled for ≥ 10 months, 4,053 (3.7%) had 22,938 outpatient opioid prescriptions, of which, 62.1% were for cancer-related pain, 11.1% for hospice/end of life care, 4.8% for surgery pain, and 9.8% for acute/chronic pain. Among members with Program-paid diagnostic/treatment claims (n = 70,721), the proportion with opioid prescriptions for cancer/hospice/end of life care increased from 0.5% in 2013 to 1.6% in 2018 (p = 0.010), then decreased to 1.1% in 2021 (p = 0.070), and the proportion for non-cancer surgery/acute/chronic pain decreased from 0.6% in 2013 to 0.23% in 2021 (p = 0.0005). Among members prescribed opioids without cancer/hospice/sickle cell disease, the proportion who started with long-acting opioids or had opioid prescriptions from ≥ 4 prescribers were below 6.5% annually; the proportion receiving a high-dose (≥ 90 morphine milligram equivalents per day [MED]), or with concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines use, or who started opioids with MED ≥ 50 or with long duration (≥ 7 days' supply) were above 10% annually, but decreased since 2017. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of outpatient opioid prescriptions paid by the Program was very low and prescriptions were primarily dispensed for cancer/hospice/end of life care. Although Program efforts to improve opioid prescribing coincided with improvements in outcomes, ongoing surveillance is needed.

A short-term rural placement can change metropolitan medical students' knowledge of, and attitudes to, rural practice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a short-term placement of metropolitan medical students in a rural environment can improve their knowledge of, and change their attitudes to, rural health issues. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Medical students taking part in the March and May 2013 3-week Rural Health Modules (RHMs) were invited to participate in focus groups and complete questionnaires before undertaking the RHM, after a 2-day rural orientation and at the end of the RHM. Students were asked to comment on a range of issues affecting rural health care including their attitude to pursuing a rural career. Focus group transcripts were thematically analysed and questionnaire data were statistically analysed. SETTING: The RHM is a 3-week program designed and run by the University of Melbourne's Rural Health Academic Centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to questionnaire items from before and after completing the RHM, scored on a seven-point Likert scale. RESULTS: 69 of the 101 RHM students took part in this study. The focus groups identified five main themes in rural health care: access; teamwork, models of care and generalist practice; overlapping relationships; indigenous health; and working in a rural career. In all five areas, a change was seen in the depth of knowledge students had about these issues and in the students' attitudes towards rural health care. The questionnaires also showed a significant shift in the students' appreciation of, and positivity towards, rural health issues. CONCLUSION: Undertaking a 3-week RHM changed students' perceptions of rural health and significantly improved their knowledge of issues facing rural health practitioners and patients.

Stress management groups in general practice: a pilot randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Stress management delivered to groups of psychologically stressed patients effectively decreases their distress. This study investigated the effects of stress management delivered by Australian general practitioners. METHOD: In a pilot randomised controlled trial, stress management was provided to a group of 11 patients whose outcomes were compared with another six patients acting as wait listed controls. Standard psychological questionnaires were administered before the course and 1 week and 2 months after. RESULTS: At 1 week there were significant improvements in intervention group scores compared to controls in two out of 6 measures: the Positive and Negative Affect Scales. At 2 months there was only one significant improvement (brief disability days). There were no significant differences in the Kessler 10, self rated stress levels or brief disability score. DISCUSSION: Group stress management delivered by GPs may help distressed patients and should be further investigated for effectiveness and cost effectiveness.

Does privacy matter? Former patients discuss their perceptions of privacy in shared hospital rooms.

As a relative concept, privacy is difficult to define in universal terms. In the New Zealand setting recent legislation aims to protect patients' privacy but anecdotal evidence suggests that these policies are not well understood by some providers and recipients of health care. This qualitative study set out to identify some of the issues by exploring former patients' perceptions of privacy in shared hospital rooms. The findings suggest a conditional acceptance of a loss of privacy in an environment dictated by architectural structure and by fiscal and time constraints. Participants indicated an awareness that personal information could be overheard and that their preference for a choice of setting for serious discussions was desirable. Some enjoyed the support offered in shared rooms, while, for others, overhearing another person's health issues caused unnecessary distress. The participants suggested that knowing they could be overheard constrained information disclosure. This withholding of information has implications for health professionals' ability to diagnose and treat patients appropriately.

Primary mental health-care model in rural Tasmania: outcomes for patients.

Community and doctor concern over the disproportionately high suicide rate in a rural area of Tasmania resulted in a project employing a mental health worker to provide counselling, educate patients and the public about mental illness, improve the skills of local health workers, liaise with other counselling agencies and undertake research into mental health in the area. Figures on mental health problems in the area and the positive effects of the project on access to treatment and improvement in symptoms and functioning are presented. The results from this inexpensive, shared care/attachment model point to its potential application in primary care in other areas of Australia.