[Food consumption patterns among adolescents]. / La alimentación en el adolescente.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a critical time for the establishment of healthy eating habits. The objective was to analyze food consumption patterns among adolescents and their relationship with family and social factors. METHODS: Multicentre observational cross-sectional descriptive study using a food frequency questionnaire for the last week. It was answered anonymously. The adolescent's age/gender, parents' studies/occupation and school's location/type were included. The population sample was composed of 1,095 adolescents in sixth grade at primary schools from an Andalusian region. They were chosen by polietapic random sampling that distinguished between public/private and capital/provincial schools. RESULTS: 1,005 surveys were analyzed. The mean age is 11.45 (SD: 0.59). Fifty-three percent were male. The intake of dairy products (only two-thirds taken daily), pasta, fruit and vegetables (daily consumption of 30%) is deficient. Sixty-four point five percent consume legumes weekly. Fish consumption is equal to meat, with a preference for poultry. More than half consume red meat daily. Olive oil is preferred. The intake of "empty calories" (fast food, candies, soft drink) is high. Through multivariate analysis the existence of clusters of healthy and unhealthy foods, related to the social status of the parents and the type of school, is proved. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy diet based on the nutritional pyramid is not the consumption pattern in the adolescents surveyed. There is a low consumption of diary products, legumes, fruits and vegetables. There is a relationship between the social class of the family and consumption patterns (healthy and unhealthy). Health strategies are needed to modify such inappropriate consumption.

La alimentación en el adolescente / Food consumption patterns among adolescents

Fundamento: La adolescencia es un momento clave para la instauración de hábitos alimentarios saludables. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer los hábitos alimentarios de los adolescentes y su relación con factores socio-familiares. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, multicéntrico, mediante cuestionario anónimo sobre consumo de alimentos en la última semana, recogiendo edad/sexo del alumnado, estudios/ocupación laboral de padres/madres y tipo/localización del colegio. La muestra comprendió 1.095 adolescentes de sexto de Educación Primaria de una provincia andaluza, elegidos mediante muestreo aleatorio polietápico diferenciando centros públicos/privados y de la provincia/capital. Resultados: Fueron recogidas 1.005 encuestas válidas (99,25% del total); media de edad 11,45 años (±0,59) y 53% varones. Consumo deficitario de lácteos (sólo dos terceras partes toman diariamente), pasta, frutas, verduras y hortalizas (consumo diario en un 30%). Las legumbres se consumen semanalmente en el 64,5%. El consumo de pescado se iguala al de carne, siendo más preferida la de ave; más de la mitad consumen embutidos diariamente. El aceite de oliva sigue siendo el más consumido. Hay un significativo consumo de alimentos con "calorías vacías" (comida rápida, dulces, refrescos). Mediante análisis multivariante (clúster) se comprueba la existencia de agrupaciones de alimentos saludables y no saludables, relacionado con el nivel social de los progenitores y el tipo de colegio. Conclusiones: La dieta basada en la pirámide nutricional no es el patrón de alimentación en los adolescentes encuestados, con escaso consumo de lácteos, legumbres y frutas/verduras. Los alimentos se agrupan en patrones saludables o no saludables relacionados con la clase social familiar. Son necesarias estrategias sanitarias para modificar este consumo inadecuado (AU)

Background: Adolescence is a critical time for the establishment of healthy eating habits. The objective was to analyze food consumption patterns among adolescents and their relationship with family and social factors. Methods: Multicentre observational cross-sectional descriptive study using a food frequency questionnaire for the last week. It was answered anonymously. The adolescent’s age/gender, parents' studies/occupation and school's location/type were included. The population sample was composed of 1,095 adolescents in sixth grade at primary schools from an Andalusian region. They were chosen by polietapic random sampling that distinguished between public/private and capital/provincial schools. Results: 1,005 surveys were analyzed. The mean age is 11.45 (SD: 0.59). Fifty-three percent were male. The intake of dairy products (only two-thirds taken daily), pasta, fruit and vegetables (daily consumption of 30%) is deficient. Sixty-four point five percent consume legumes weekly. Fish consumption is equal to meat, with a preference for poultry. More than half consume red meat daily. Olive oil is preferred. The intake of "empty calories" (fast food, candies, soft drink) is high. Through multivariate analysis the existence of clusters of healthy and unhealthy foods, related to the social status of the parents and the type of school, is proved. Conclusions: A healthy diet based on the nutritional pyramid is not the consumption pattern in the adolescents surveyed. There is a low consumption of diary products, legumes, fruits and vegetables. There is a relationship between the social class of the family and consumption patterns (healthy and unhealthy). Health strategies are needed to modify such inappropriate consumption (AU)

[Bilateral pelvic stress fracture]. / Fractura bilateral de pelvis por estrés.

A stress fracture is defined as that which occurs as a consequence of many low intensity traumas. These were originally described in the metatarsals of soldiers, and later on in athletes, and now we should consider them in general population subjected to excessive stress. Statistically, it generally occurs in women and in weight-bearing bones, such as the tibia, fibula and metatarsals. This case is of interest due to the diagnosis a double fracture in a woman without risk factors or increase in physical activity, and in an unusual location such as the pelvis. A detailed clinical history and examination are essential for the diagnosis.

Fractura bilateral de pelvis por estrés / Bilateral pelvic stress fracture

Se define como fractura por estrés aquella que aparece en un hueso de resistencia elástica normal como consecuencia de traumatismos repetidos de baja intensidad. Originalmente estas fueron descritas en los metatarsianos de los soldados, posteriormente en atletas y actualmente debemos considerarlas también en la población general sometida a un estrés excesivo. Estadísticamente las mujeres son más proclives a sufrirlas (sobre todo en la menopausia) y las localizaciones más frecuentes son los metatarsianos, la tibia y el peroné. El interés del caso radica en la orientación diagnóstica por una doble presentación en una mujer sin factores de riesgo ni aumento de la actividad física y en una localización menos frecuente como es la pelvis. Una anamnesis detallada, así como una exploración compatible son la base para el diagnóstico de dicha entidad (AU)

A stress fracture is defined as that which occurs as a consequence of many low intensity traumas. These were originally described in the metatarsals of soldiers, and later on in athletes, and now we should consider them in general population subjected to excessive stress. Statistically, it generally occurs in women and in weight-bearing bones, such as the tibia, fibula and metatarsals. This case is of interest due to the diagnosis a double fracture in a woman without risk factors or increase in physical activity, and in an unusual location such as the pelvis. A detailed clinical history and examination are essential for the diagnosis (AU)