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1.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 100(1): 5-10, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18358054

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The present concept in our healthcare system is that medical care should be given on an outpatient basis with hospitalization occurring only when essential. We therefore put forth the development of the "all in one" outpatient office or "high resolution" outpatient clinic. For such purpose we administered a questionnaire to various Andalusian hospitals to define and determine those aspects necessary in the development of the aforementioned outpatient office. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was filled out by 10 Andalusian hospitals. This is a prospective-descriptive study of responses from all 10 participating hospitals. The 27 questions inquired on the existence of such an outpatient office and the infrastructure needed to develop this service: How many patients are seen, where is it physically located, where do patients come from, criteria for assigning patients to this medical office, condition of incoming patients, whether ultrasound scans are performed, whether an integrated hospital computer system exists, nursing staff, how many visits are required before coming to a diagnosis, and finally whether this type of outpatient office is needed, and if so, why. RESULTS: Of all 10 hospitals, 5 of them had this type of clinic. All of them considered this type of outpatient service essential. The number of patients treated should be "10", in the hospital itself. There are differences as to whether patients should come from the emergency room or a primary care physician. It seems logical to assume that only patients who can be diagnosed via ultrasounds or endoscopy should be chosen. To allow an ultrasonogram the patient should visit the outpatient office in a state of "fasting" and with standard blood counts from the primary care physician. The outpatient clinic should have a computer system and its own nurse. According to participating hospitals this type of outpatient visits is very useful in our present healthcare system, as it allows higher levels of collaboration between Primary Care and the specialist; it also provides a rapid orientation regarding patient pathology, and acts as a "filter" for the rest of the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: The outpatient office should be tended to by an attending specialist in the field (FEA) with knowledge and experience in ultrasounds and gastrointestinal endoscopy, as well as user competency with the required computer programs. In our present-day system this can be considered a modality of high-resolution outpatient services and a model of efficiency.


Assuntos
Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastroenteropatias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha
2.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 100(1): 5-10, ene. 2008.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70906

RESUMO

Introducción: la idea actual de nuestro sistema sanitario esque la asistencia sea ambulatoria y que se utilice la hospitalizacióncuando sea precisa. En este sentido es de destacar el desarrollo dela consulta única o de alta resolución. Por ello, se ha realizado unaencuesta entre varios hospitales andaluces con la idea de definir ydeterminar qué aspectos son necesarios para poder desarrollaresta consulta.Material y métodos: la encuesta ha sido contestada por 10hospitales andaluces. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo descriptivode las respuestas contestadas por los distintos hospitales. Laspreguntas son 27 en las que se reflexiona sobre la existencia de laconsulta y la infraestructura para desarrollarla: cuántos pacientesse ven, dónde se pasa esta consulta, de dónde provienen los pacientes,los criterios para derivar los pacientes a esta consulta, lascondiciones en las que acude el enfermo, si se realiza ecografía deabdomen, si se dispone de sistema informático integrado hospitalario,enfermera, en cuántas visitas se emite un diagnóstico del pacientey, por último, se pregunta si se cree que es necesaria estaconsulta y por qué.Resultados: de los 10 hospitales 5 tienen consulta de alta resolución,aunque todos consideran que la deberían tener. El númerode pacientes atendidos debe ser 10 y en el propio hospital.Existen diferencias en considerar si los pacientes deben provenirdesde Urgencias o desde el médico de cabecera. Parece lógicopensar que sólo se deben derivar pacientes cuya patología puedaser diagnosticada mediante ecografía y/o endoscopia. El pacientedebería acudir a la consulta en ayunas y con analítica del médicode cabecera, para así poder realizarles la ecografía. La consultadebe constar de sistema informático y de una enfermera propia.Según los encuestados este tipo de consultas es muy útil en nuestroactual sistema, porque permite mayor colaboración entreAtención Primaria y el especialista, y consigue una orientación rápidade la patología del paciente actuando de filtro adecuado parael resto de las consultas


Introduction: the present concept in our healthcare system isthat medical care should be given on an outpatient basis with hospitalizationoccurring only when essential. We therefore put forththe development of the “all in one” outpatient office or “high resolution”outpatient clinic. For such purpose we administered aquestionnaire to various Andalusian hospitals to define and determinethose aspects necessary in the development of the aforementionedoutpatient office.Materials and methods: the questionnaire was filled out by10 Andalusian hospitals. This is a prospective-descriptive study ofresponses from all 10 participating hospitals. The 27 questionsinquired on the existence of such an outpatient office and the infrastructureneeded to develop this service: How many patientsare seen, where is it physically located, where do patients comefrom, criteria for assigning patients to this medical office, conditionof incoming patients, whether ultrasound scans are performed,whether an integrated hospital computer system exists,nursing staff, how many visits are required before coming to a diagnosis,and finally whether this type of outpatient office is needed,and if so, why.Results: of all 10 hospitals, 5 of them had this type of clinic.All of them considered this type of outpatient service essential.The number of patients treated should be “10”, in the hospital itself.There are differences as to whether patients should comefrom the emergency room or a primary care physician. It seemslogical to assume that only patients who can be diagnosed via ultrasoundsor endoscopy should be chosen. To allow an ultrasonogramthe patient should visit the outpatient office in a state of“fasting” and with standard blood counts from the primary carephysician.The outpatient clinic should have a computer system and itsown nurse. According to participating hospitals this type of outpatientvisits is very useful in our present healthcare system, as it allowshigher levels of collaboration between Primary Care and thespecialist; it also provides a rapid orientation regarding patientpathology, and acts as a “filter” for the rest of the healthcare system (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastroenteropatias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha
3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 48(3): 131-40, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11333797

RESUMO

A series of immunosuppressant mechanisms can manifest during surgical procedures, mediated by immune system cells or by humoral factors, to which the immunosuppressant effects of anesthesia or blood transfusion may be added, possibly further prejudicing the patient's immunological status, having important clinical repercussions such as increased incidence of postoperative infection or tumor reappearance. Autotransfusion of various types is an effective alternative to homologous transfusion as the former avoids immunodepressant effects. Preoperative autotransfusion [preoperative donation of autologous blood (PTAB)] has been shown to be one of the safest and most effective techniques and is the gold standard for autotransfusion. Problems of over collection, anemia and over transfusion that sometimes occur with PTAB can be solved with better screening procedures. Intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) and postoperative autotransfusion (PAT) avoid such problems completely. However, IAT is only cost-effective in certain procedures (bleeding > 1,000-1,500 mL) and is not applicable in others, such as knee arthroplasty. PAT, on the other hand, in addition to being a good complement to other autotransfusion methods, may be the technique of choice in some procedures, such as knee arthroplasty, particularly if PTAB is contraindicated or if it is logistically difficult for a hospital to provide.However, in spite of its demonstrated efficacy, PAT of filtered blood has many critics, who warn of possible side effects and recommend the use of washed blood, which would make the procedure enormously more expensive unless it is performed with the same equipment used for IAT. Therefore, this review will analyze the hematologic characteristics of filtered blood, including metabolic status and survival of red blood cells, the components of the hemostatic system and inflammatory mediators, the content of fat particles and the possibility of their clearance, the incidence of infections and the dissemination of tumor cells. This analysis can reach the conclusion that salvaged filtered blood is a source of red blood cells of sufficient quality to be safely reinfused and that their reinfusion contributes significantly to reduce the need for homologous blood.


Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga , Separação Celular/instrumentação , Ortopedia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga/economia , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga/instrumentação , Criança , Análise Custo-Benefício , Enzimas/sangue , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Filtração , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hemostasia , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Tamanho da Partícula , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/instrumentação , Segurança , Sucção
4.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 48(3): 131-140, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3403

RESUMO

En los procesos quirúrgicos pueden evidenciarse una serie de mecanismos de inmunosupresión, mediados tanto por las células del sistema inmunitario como por factores humorales, a los que se les pueden sumar los efectos inmunosupresores de la anestesia y las transfusiones sanguíneas, que pueden deteriorar aún más el estado inmunológico del paciente, lo que puede tener importantes repercusiones clínicas como aumento de infecciones postoperatorias o de recidivas tumorales.La autotransfusión, en sus distintas modalidades, se presenta como una alternativa eficaz a las transfusiones de sangre homóloga al evitar los efectos inmunosupresores de las mismas. La autotransfusión preoperatoria (donación preoperatoria de sangre autóloga) ha demostrado ser una de las técnicas transfusionales más seguras y eficaces y constituye el "patrón oro" en autotransfusión. Los problemas de sobrecolección, anemización y sobretransfusión que a veces presenta la donación preoperatoria de sangre autóloga pueden solucionarse con una mejor selección de los pacientes.Mediante la autotransfusión intra y postoperatoria se obvian por completo estos problemas. No obstante, la autotransfusión intraoperatoria sólo es coste-efectiva en determinadas intervenciones (hemorragia > 1.000-1.500 ml) y no es aplicable en otras, como la cirugía protésica de rodilla. Por su parte, la autotransfusión postoperatoria, además de ser un buen complemento del resto de técnicas de autotransfusión, en determinadas intervenciones quirúrgicas, como la de prótesis de rodilla, puede ser la técnica de elección, máxime si la donación preoperatoria de sangre autóloga está contraindicada en el paciente o es logísticamente difícil de implantar en el centro.Sin embargo, a pesar de haber demostrado su eficacia, la autotransfusión postoperatoria en forma de sangre filtrada cuenta aún con un gran número de detractores, los cuales advierten sobre una serie de posibles efectos adversos y preconizan el uso de sangre lavada, lo que encarecería enormemente el procedimiento, salvo que se realice con el mismo equipo utilizado para la autotransfusión intraoperatoria durante la intervención. Por ello, en la presente revisión se lleva a cabo un análisis detallado de las características hematológicas de la sangre filtrada, el estado metabólico y la supervivencia de sus hematíes, el contenido en componentes del sistema hemostásico y de mediadores inflamatorios, el contenido de partículas grasas y las posibilidades de eliminación y la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas y de diseminación de células tumorales. De este análisis se puede llegar a la conclusión de que la sangre total filtrada y no lavada es una fuente de eritrocitos de calidad suficiente para ser reinfundidos sin problemas, y que su reinfusión contribuye significativamente a una reducción de las necesidades de sangre homóloga (AU)


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Assuntos
Criança , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Ortopedia , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga , Segurança , Sucção , Bacteriemia , Mediadores da Inflamação , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Tamanho da Partícula , Separação Celular , Análise Custo-Benefício , Hemostasia , Lipídeos , Enzimas , Eritrócitos , Hemoglobinas , Filtração
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