RESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La endometriosis de la pared abdominal implica la coexistencia de tejido endometrial en la superficie peritoneal parietal; la incidencia reportada es de 0.03 a 3.5%. Su causa aún no está debidamente esclarecida. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 35 años, con antecedentes ginecoobstétricos de: tres embarazos, tres cesáreas, última cinco años previos a la intervención, en la que se practicó una histerectomía obstétrica indicada por sangrado transoperatorio. El padecimiento actual se inició 24 horas previas a su ingreso a Urgencias, con dolor espontáneo en la fosa iliaca derecha, de difícil relación con los ciclos menstruales debido al antecedente quirúrgico, acompañado de aumento de volumen y náuseas. En la exploración inicial se identificaron dos masas intraabdominales que se confirmaron en la tomografía computada, situadas por encima de la aponeurosis. Se procedió a la intervención quirúrgica para extirpación de ambas masas. El estudio histopatológico reportó: tumores compatibles con endometriosis. CONCLUSIÓN: La endometriosis es un padecimiento con alta prevalencia en el mundo, no así en su ubicación en la pared abdominal. A pesar de que aún no se conoce con certeza su causa, se sabe que la inoculación directa (muchas veces debida a un procedimiento ginecológico quirúrgico) y la proliferación celular tienen participación relevante en su origen.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall endometriosis is the coexistence of endometrial tissue on the parietal peritoneal surface with a reported incidence of 0.03 to 3.5%. Its cause is not well understood. CLINICAL CASE: 35-year-old female patient with a gyneco-obstetric history of: three pregnancies, three cesarean sections, last five years prior to surgery, in which an obstetric hysterectomy was performed, indicated by transoperative bleeding. The current presentation began 24 hours before her admission to the emergency department with spontaneous pain in the right iliac fossa, difficult to relate to menstrual cycles due to her surgical history, accompanied by increased volume and nausea. Initial examination revealed two intra-abdominal masses, confirmed by computed tomography, located above the aponeurosis. Surgery was performed to remove both masses. Histopathologic examination revealed tumors compatible with endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Endometriosis is a very common disease in the world, but not in the abdominal wall. Although its cause is still not known with certainty, it is known that direct inoculation (often due to gynecologic surgery) and cell proliferation play a relevant role in its origin.
RESUMO
Resumen: Presentamos el caso de una paciente del sexo femenino, de 54 años de edad, con antecedente familiar de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo II, con estudio genético positivo para NEM 2 IIA EXON 11, c634 CGCIB. Inició padecimiento con cardiopatía hipertensiva y disfunción diastólica, hallazgo to mográfico de tumor suprarrenal bilateral por imagenología, se realizó adrenalectomía convencional transabdominal, se encontró tumor derecho con cápsula correspondiente a feo cromocitoma con un peso de 1,100 g de 14.5 cm de diámetro mayor con invasión a cápsula sin romperla, tumor suprarrenal izquierdo correspondiente a feocromocitoma con un peso de 950 g de 15 cm de diámetro mayor.
Abstract: We present the case of a 54-year-old female patient with a family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type II, with a genetic study for MEN 2 IIA EXON 11, CG6B c634, onset with hypertensive heart disease and diastolic dysfunction, tomographic finding of bilateral adrenal tumor by imaging. A conventional transabdominal adrenalectomy was performed, finding a right tumor with a capsule corresponding to pheochromocytoma with a weight of 1,100 g of 14.5 cm of greater diameter with invasion of the capsule without breaking it, and a left adrenal tumor corresponding to pheochromocytoma with a weight of 950 g of 15 cm of greater diameter.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent <1% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are mesenchymal tissue neoplasm arising outside the GI tract. This rare group comprises only 5% of all GISTs. This case demonstrates a rare entity in a patient with non-specific symptoms, a large tumor size and unremarkable past personal and family history. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 45-year old man with non-specific symptoms who was diagnosed with a primary EGIST arising in the small bowel mesentery after surgery. The tumor was not compromising the GI tract and it was completely resected. The tumor was sent for pathological examination that confirmed the diagnosis. Histological examination revealed a 15 cm in diameter mass, comprised of spindle cells and high mitotic activity. Treatment with imatinib mesylate was initiated. DISCUSSION: There have been only a few previous reports of EGISTs arising from the small bowel mesentery. It is believed that EGISTs originate from cells with similar pathological characteristics and biological behaviour as the intestinal cells of Cajal. Such tumors are associated with poorer prognosis, lager tumor size and younger presentation than their GI counterparts. The preferred treatment is complete surgical resection. The addition of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate is recommended for high risk patients. Even though morphological and immunohistochemical similarities between GISTs and EGISTs are described, their pathogenesis, incidence, genetic background, complications and prognosis are not completely known because they are extremely rare. CONCLUSION: EGISTs are very rare tumors which originate from cells outside the GI tract and are associated with a more aggressive biological behavior than their GI counterparts. These tumors may grow without any clinical implications and should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with an abdominal mass. Further studies are needed due to lack of large patient cohort studies and long-term follow-up regarding the prognosis and management of this rare pathology.
