RESUMO
Background: During the first experiences of clinical treatment, dental students face various challenges. The purpose of the study is to standardize the questionnaire as a suitable tool for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of psychosocial impact, stress levels, and learning effect of dental students during the transition from preclinical to clinical education in Persian. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire including three areas of psychosocial impact, perceived stress, and learning effect was systematically translated. In the group of experts, face validity was examined. Then, the content validity ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient. In a cross-sectional study, the psychosocial impact, stress levels, and learning effect of all students newly admitted to the endodontic, prosthetics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry departments of Shahid Beheshti Dental School (128 people) were measured. Mann-Whitney and Spearman-Rho were used for statistical analysis (P = 0.05). Results: During the CVR and CVI evaluation, 12 statements were removed from the questionnaire, and one statement was changed. All valid statements of the questionnaire were considered reliable. The initial questionnaire was finally developed in the form of 27 items. Interest in clinical treatment and collaboration between students and faculty had the greatest psychosocial effects. The highest level of stress among students was seen in the endodontic ward (mean = 3.8). The greatest effect of learning was seen in different sections in infection control (mean >4). Conclusion: This study provided a standardized tool in Persian to evaluate the psychosocial impacts, perceived stress, and learning effect of dental students during the transition to clinical education and focused on the first clinical treatment experiences. One important psychosocial factor was collegiality between teachers and students. The ability to communicate well with the patient is thought to reduce stress.
RESUMO
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Dental caries is a global health issue, which imposes a great deal on individuals and the community. PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to identify the dental caries status and/or DMFT/dmft data and its related factors in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The search performed in the online databases to identify all literature published up to Oct 2018. The random effects model was applied to pool analysis and verses. Funnel plots and Egger test used to examine publication bias. All analyses were carried out with R software version 3.2.1 and STATA (version 11.1). RESULTS: 69 studies selected as eligible for final analysis in which all subjects were in age range less than 18 years old except 4; so, all results and analyzes were only calculated in this age group. The total rate of dental caries was 72.8% (95%CI, 69.2-76.4%) and the mean of dental caries was 2.33 (95% CI, 2.12-2.54) based on DMFT values and 3.86 (95% CI, 3.49-4.22) based on the dmft values. These rates were almost similar in both sexes. In addition, these trend were higher in rural than urban regions. Subgroup analysis found a direct relationship between DMFT index and age, while the reverse was true for relationship between dmft and age. The mean dental caries were higher in children with low socioeconomic status, low family income, low educated and unemployed parents, crowded families, excessive carbohydrate intake, and less toothbrushes frequency. CONCLUSION: The present study showed high prevalence and experience of dental caries among children and adolescents (<18 years of age) in Iran. This illustrates ineffective oral health national preventive programs and lack of educational measures. New preventive procedures, practical educational programs, and modern therapeutic methods are needed to improve oral health status.
