RESUMO
AIM: Carry out retrospective clinical-epidemiological analysis of sporadic and group cases of acute HE morbidity in St. Petersburg (2000 - 2012). MATERIALS AND METHODS; Medical histories of 11 patients with sporadic morbidity (9 males and 2 females, average age 36 +/- 18) and 13 patients involved in group HE morbidity were analyzed. Acute hepatitis E diagnosis was established based on common clinical-epidemiological criteria confirmed by results of biochemical study and data of objective examination. Hepatitis E etiological membership was confirmed by detection in patient blood sera of specific marker of infection--anti-HEV G and M classes with laboratory exclusion of hepatitis A, B and C. RESULTS: Study of epidemiological anamnesis of patients showed that 8 of them were migrants from countries with tropical and subtropical climate. 3 patients were residents of St. Petersburg. In the end of December 2011 and in January 2012 a group HE morbidity was registered among those who had arrived to study in St. Petersburg from India (Mumbai) in a group exceeding 200 individuals. Clinical characteristic of acute HE during sporadic and group morbidity is given. CONCLUSION: The presence of sporadic and group HE morbidity in St. Petersburg indicates the necessity to register these situation in organization of protection of the territory of Russia from endogenous HE.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Hepatite E/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The mechanisms of development of autoimmune diseases may be associated with a complex of genetic, immune, hormonal, and infectious factors. Autoimmune diseases include a wide range of systemic and organ-specific diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). It is currently assumed that the pathogenesis of AIH is due to compromised immune regulation in the presence of an exogenous triggering factor. Exogenous factors, such as viruses, may be triggers of AIH. There may be different ways of initiating an autoimmune response by viruses, which includes nonspecific T-lymphocyte activation and molecular mimicry. There is much evidence supporting the initiating role of hepatitis viruses in the development of AIH and other autoimmune diseases. The development of AIH symptoms during hepatitis A and E virus infections has been described elsewhere. The creation of animal models of viral hepatitis is required to confirm the hypothesis that the viruses trigger the development of AIH and other autoimmune manifestations.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite A Humana , Hepatite A/complicações , Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/complicações , Hepatite Autoimune/etiologia , Animais , Autoimunidade/genética , Autoimunidade/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hepatite A/genética , Hepatite A/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/imunologia , Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite Autoimune/genética , Hepatite Autoimune/imunologia , Humanos , Mimetismo Molecular/genética , Mimetismo Molecular/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
New antiviral drug "Nikavir" was clinically tested in acute hepatitis B (AHB). A total of 60 AHB patients were followed up; 30 patients were in the main group and 30 persons were in the control group. The treatment with Nikavir of AHB patients was shown to ensure a favorable clinical disease course and it was accompanied by a quicker rate in reduction of the activity of serum enzymes AIAT, AcAT, alkaline phosphatase and of gamma-glutamil-transpeptidase; besides, it was accompanied by an early elimination of such serum markers of AHB like HBeAg, HbsAg and HBV DNA. Wikavir can be used in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate forms of AHB.
