Melanocyte-Directed enzyme prodrug therapy (MDEPT): development of second generation prodrugs for targeted treatment of malignant melanoma.

Evaluation of second generation prodrugs for MDEPT, by oximetry, has highlighted structural properties that are advantageous and disadvantageous for efficient oxidation using mushroom tyrosinase. In particular, a sterically undemanding prodrug bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-4-hydroxyphenylaminomethanone 28 was synthesised and found to be oxidised by mushroom tyrosinase at a superior rate to tyrosine methyl ester, the carboxylic acid of which is the natural substrate for tyrosinase. The more sterically demanding phenyl mustard prodrugs 9 and 10 were oxidised by mushroom tyrosinase at a similar rate to tyrosine methyl ester. In contrast, tyramine chain elongation via heteroatom insertion was detrimental and the rate of mushroom tyrosinase oxidation of phenyl mustard prodrugs 21 and 22 decreased by 10 nanomol/min.

The legacy of William Henry Welch.

This paper is a brief biography of William Henry Welch, generally considered not only the father of American pathology but also the dean of medicine in the United States during the first quarter of the 20th century. This biography emphasizes Welch's seldom-recognized contribution to the development and understanding of wound and surgical infection that resulted in the delayed universal acceptance of aseptic procedure by surgeons.

History of pathology: comparison of the use of the microscope in pathology in Germany and the United States during the nineteenth century.

Comparison is made between Germany and the United States in advancing the field of histopathology during the 19th century, and the social and political conditions of each country during that time.

Poland and US collaborative study on cardiovascular epidemiology. I. Introduction and baseline findings.

The Poland-US Agreement for Health Cooperation has as its goal the sharing of scientific information in cardiovascular disease epidemiology between the two countries. Patterns of cardiovascular disease and identification of risk factors were investigated through two large epidemiologic studies, the Pol-Monica Study in Poland and the US Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study in the United States. These two studies are described with regard to methodological issues, comparability of data collection procedures, and demographic and behavioral characteristics of the two populations involved. Mean blood pressure, lipids, and body mass indices of participants in these studies are also compared.

[Results of blood pressure measurements depending on the place and method of measurement in individuals with normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension]. / Wyniki pomiaru cisnienia tetniczego krwi w zaleznosci od miejsca i sposobu wykonania u osób z normotensja, nadcisnieniem i nadcisnieniem granicznym.

The analysis of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure measurements in 2 positions (sitting, standing) X 2 subsequent measurements (order) X 2 places (right, left arm) was performed on the basis of the Pol-Monica I screening conducted in 1984 yr. There were 1309 examined men and 1327 women aged 35-64 yrs. The mean values of 2 measurements taken in the sitting position on the right arm were used for division of the total sample into 7 categories: 1. normotension, 2. borderline systolic hypertension, 3. borderline diastolic hypertension, 4. borderline systolic-diastolic hypertension, 5. systolic hypertension, 6. diastolic hypertension, 7. systolic-diastolic hypertension. For each sex X blood pressure category the 4-way mixed ANOVA was calculated: persons as random effect and position, order and place as fixed effects. The effects and variance components were estimated and tested. The effects of position, order and persons and interaction position X persons, places X persons and position X persons X places were significant for both sexes, all BP categories for SBP as well as DBP measurements.