Investigation of anticorrosive behaviour of novel tert-butyl 4-[(4-methyl phenyl) carbonyl] piperazine-1-carboxylate for carbon steel in 1M HCl.

The main focus of current research is on the synthesis and anticorrosive activity of novel heterocyclic compounds tert-butyl 4-[(4-methyl phenyl) carbonyl] piperazine-1-carboxylate [TBMPCPC]. Electrochemical, quantum chemical, and surface characterization studies at elevated temperatures (303-333 K) for carbon steel in 1M HCl solution studied this molecule's corrosion inhibition property. It is observed from the results of electrochemical studies that the TBMPCPC may be able to effectively protect the steel plate surface with an inhibition efficiency of 91.5 % at 25 ppm in corrosive media. The corrosion inhibition depends on concentration, as concentration also increases inhibition efficiency due to the strong and spontaneous adsorption on the metal's surface. The Tafel polarization measurements concluded that the inhibitor works as a mixed form to protect the carbon steel in the bulk solution from corrosion. The adsorption of the TBMPCPC onto the metal surface was in reliable with the isothermal model of the Langmuir adsorption. The scanning electron microscopy clearly showed that the inhibitor was substantially deposited on the metal surface, indicating substantial inhibition. The surface morphology of carbon steel in the absence and existence of an inhibitor in 1 M HCl is also studied using the Atomic Force Microscopic method.

Introgression of Root and Water Use Efficiency Traits Enhances Water Productivity: An Evidence for Physiological Breeding in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

BACKGROUND: Semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation of rice has been suggested as a potential water saving agronomy. However, suitable cultivars are needed in order to sustain yield levels. An introgression of water mining and water use efficiency (WUE) traits is the most appropriate strategy for a comprehensive genetic enhancement to develop such rice cultivars. RESULTS: We report a novel strategy of phenotyping and marker-assisted backcross breeding to introgress water mining (root) and water use efficiency (WUE) traits into a popular high yielding cultivar, IR-64. Trait donor genotypes for root (AC-39020) and WUE (IET-16348) were crossed separately and the resultant F1s were inter-mated to generate double cross F1s (DCF1). Progenies of three generations of backcross followed by selfing were charatcerised for target phenotype and genome integration. A set of 260 trait introgressed lines were identified. Root weight and root length of TILs were 53% and 23.5% higher, while Δ13C was 2.85‰ lower indicating a significant increase in WUE over IR-64. Five best TILs selected from BC3F3 generation showed 52% and 63% increase in yield over IR-64 under 100% and 60% FC, respectively. The trait introgressed lines resembled IR64 with more than 97% of genome recovered with a significant yield advantage under semi-irrigated aerobic conditions The study validated markers identified earlier by association mapping. CONCLUSION: Introgression of root and WUE into IR64, resulted in an excellent yield advantage even when cultivated under semi-irrigated aerobic condition. The study provided a proof-of-concept that maintaining leaf turgor and carbon metabolism results in improved adaptation to water limited conditions and sustains productivity. A marker based multi-parent backcross breeding is an appropriate approach for trait introgression. The trait introgressed lines developed can be effectively used in future crop improvement programs as donor lines for both root and WUE.