[Roadmap of ultrasound-guided percutaneous access to the renal collecting system].

INTRODUCTION: The key point of successful PCNL is getting access to the renal collecting system. Ureteral catheterization and injection of contrast material provide an important advantage of visualizing and dilating the collecting system. However, catheterization increases the operation time, exposure to anesthesia, and requires additional reusable and disposable medical supplies. The purpose of the study was to develop a surgical algorithm for accessing the renal collecting system for mini-PCNL without catheterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the treatment results of 82 patients with a single kidney stone, who underwent mini-PCNL without prior catheterization of the ureter. The percutaneous access was obtained according to the roadmap we had developed. The puncture was performed under X-ray control and US guidance. For a calyx stone, the puncture was performed "to the stone". For a pelvis stone, the targeted calyx was accessed using the following algorithm where each next step was performed if the puncture had been impossible at the previous one: 1. 30 min before the operation: infusion load of normal saline, 1000 ml. 2. Intraoperatively: intravenous furosemide, 60 mg. 3. Puncture "to the pelvic stone", injecting contrast material into the collecting system and correcting the access puncture through the required calyx. RESULTS: In all 82 cases, puncture access was performed without ureteral catheterization. In 20 patients with calyceal stones, puncture onto a stone was successfully performed in 100% of the cases. Of 62 patients with pelvic stones, preliminary infusion was enough to allow a successful puncture in 49 (79%), access after intravenous administration of furosemide was obtained in 13 (21%), and a primary puncture onto a pelvic stone had to be done in 6 (10%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed algorithm for accessing the PCS of the kidney was successfully used in 100% of the cases. It makes possible to avoid routine ureteral catheterization and thus reduce the overall operation time and the risk of complications, as well as save medical supplies. Clearly, such results require that the surgeon should have significant experience with puncture interventions under ultrasound control.

[Transurethral resection and buccal mucosal graft for the treatment of refractory bladder neck contracture].

Bladder neck contracture after prostate surgery is a rare but feared complication. The treatment of choice is endoscopic incision or resection of fibrotic tissue. In case of ineffective transurethral correction, bladder neck reconstruction has to be done. In this report, we present a complicated case treated with combined transurethral and laparoscopic bladder neck reconstruction with buccal mucosal graft inlay. Using retrograde endoscopy fibrotic tissue in the bladder neck was resected to achieve a smooth and wide prostate cavity. After that the laparoscopy performed. The retropubic space is created and prostatic urethra opened via longitudinal prostatic-vesical incision. Buccal mucosal graft was fixed in place. Bladder and prostatic urethra were closed with resorbable suture. Two weeks after surgery the urethral catheter was removed and adequate voiding reestablished. After eleven months patient had no urination complaints and any sings of recurrence. Thus, the combined surgical approach for bladder neck reconstruction using buccal mucosa inlay may be a durable option for treatment of recalcitrant bladder neck contracture.

[Efficacy and safety of intermittent catheterization for acute urinary retention: a prospective comparative randomized study].

OBJECTIVES: of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intermittent catheterization in the management of acute urinary retention and to identify factors influencing the resume normal voiding and the development of adverse events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 129 patients admitted to urology department with acute urinary retention due to BPH were randomized into two groups. Group I had indwelling bladder catheterisation using Foly catheter. Group II was catheterized intermittently. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate, time to resume normal voiding, number of episodes of fever, pain, urgency and gross hematuria. Factors influencing the probability of AUR resolution and adverse events were also analyzed. RESULTS: Normal voiding was resumed in 25 (35.7%) patients in group I, and in 26 (44%) patients in group II. The probability of AUR resolution in group II was 1.5 times higher than in group I. However, this difference was not statistically significant. In group II normal voiding was restored within 1 day in 1 (3.8%) patient, in 12 (46.2%) - within 2 days, and in 13 (50%) - within 3 days. On the 7th day relapse of AUR occurred in 3 (2.3%) patients, in 2 (2,8%) patients in group I and in 1 (1.7%) patient in group II. Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant association between the probability of developing gross hematuria and the age of the patient, as well as between possible urethrorrhagia and episodes of acute urinary retention previous to the last AUR episode. Statistically significant associations were revealed between age and the use of a-blockers at the time of the acute urinary retention episode and the probability AUR resolution. An increase in the patients age by 1 year was associated with decrease in the chances of voiding resumption by 1.07 times, and a-blockers therapy at the time of acute urinary retention increased these chances by 2.8 times. Urgency rate was statistically significantly higher in group I (30% vs. 3.4%), the chances of developing urgency were also 12 times higher in group I. CONCLUSION: Intermittent catheterization is an effective method of AUR management. The major advantages of this method are the possibility of outpatient treatment, maximum preservation of patients social and sexual activity, earlier resumption of voiding and significantly less common catheter-associated lower urinary tract symptoms.