Analysis of Remineralization Potential of Three Different Remineralizing Pastes on Demineralized Enamel: A Comparative Study.

AIM: Aim of this research was to evaluate the remineralizing potential of three different remineralizing pastes on enamel that has been demineralized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy mandibular single-rooted human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons from subjects between 18 and 25 years of age were included in this research. An area of 4 mm × 4 mm (window) was marked on the buccal surfaces of teeth samples, coated with nail varnish except for the window, which was scrutinized for changes in the values subsequent to demineralization as well as remineralization. Samples were kept in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce the artificial lesion in the enamel. Consequent to this process of demineralization, the 60 premolar teeth were randomly allocated to the following three groups (20 in each group) depending on the remineralizing paste used for application as group I: bioactive glass constituting remineralizing paste; group II: tricalcium phosphate (TCP) comprising remineralizing paste; and group III: calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP) remineralizing paste. Following the pH-cycling process, the confocal laser scanning microscope was used to assess the area of demineralization and remineralization. RESULTS: The mean areas of demineralization were slightly more (133.24 ± 0.09) in the remineralization paste comprising bioactive glass seconded by the remineralization paste having CaSP (131.39 ± 0.18), and lastly the remineralizing paste constituting TCP (129.59 ± 0.14). Maximum areas of remineralization were found in the pastes that had CaSP group (96.14 ± 0.04), next by the paste having bioactive glass group (102.18 ± 0.17), and then the remineralization paste constituting TCP (118.37 ± 0.21). The difference was statistically significant among the three remineralization pastes used. CONCLUSION: Amid the confines of this in vitro research, a conclusion that the remineralization pastes comprising CaSP exhibited enhanced remineralization capacity in comparison to the group having bioactive glass and TCP was established. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease, but its progression can be prevented in the initial stage of demineralization through remineralization. Significantly increasing attention to the treatment of carious lesions that are not cavitated by employing noninvasive remineralization methods to achieve restoration of enamel has been rendered in the field of research.

Assessment of Serum Selenium and Ceruloplasmin in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Despite extensive research and development, potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity and oral cancer remain a serious concern. Diet and immunity have been identified as important modifiable factors in such diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients and 10 healthy individuals, aged 30-60 years, were chosen from the outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College and hospital, Karnataka. The participants were grouped into three: Group 1: (10 healthy individuals), Group 2: (10 oral leukoplakia patients) and Group 3: (10 squamous cell carcinoma patients). Blood was chosen as the investigative medium. Ceruloplasmin was estimated by the diamine oxidase method. The technique of atomic absorption developed by Sir Alan Walsh in 1950 has become the preferred method of elemental analysis of selenium (atomic absorption spectrometer). Statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using one-way ANOVA test and the Turkey multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: The intergroup comparison of ceruloplasmin shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 31.746 mg/dl, the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 81.411 mg/dl, and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 90.7120 mg/dl. The intergroup comparison of selenium levels shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 119.937 (ng/ml), the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 109.17 (ng/ml), and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 99.6230 (ng/ml). CONCLUSION: Antioxidants are an important defense system against free radical damage to cells. Ceruloplasmin and selenium levels in serum could be used as disease markers in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.

Phenotypic Expression of Oral Fibroblasts Derived from Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Assay through Cell Culture.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to establish cell lines of fibroblast from human OSF tissues and their response to varying concentrations of arecoline. The various morphological forms of fibroblasts were identified to establish phenotypic change. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fibroblast cell lines were obtained from control samples as well as from OSF cases. The cell lines were treated with 50/100/150/300/500 ug/ml of arecoline and morphology were determined. RESULTS: Three morphological forms were detected; F1 spindle, F2 epitheloid and the F3 stellate. The F3 to F1 ratio was higher in OSF. Arecoline at 50ug/ml was stimulatory and at 150ug/ml cytotoxic to the cell lines. CONCLUSION: Arecoline seems to enhance proliferation of the fibroblast at lower concentrations but cytotoxic at higher levels. This is probably due to the generation of new cell lines and response of the arecoline receptors indicating phenotypic change.

Foreign body granuloma.

Foreign bodies can penetrate soft tissues through open wounds, lacerations or through accidents iatrogenically. Among the commonly encountered foreign bodies encountered due to trauma are of glass, metal and wood in nature. We report a case of a 32 year old male who reported to our clinic, complaining of a small wound in the right upper cheek region intraorally since 1 month. Patient had a history of road traffic accident (RTA) 6 months back.

Rehabilitation of edentulous atrophic anterior mandible - the role of vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis.

The rehabilitation of patients with edentulous alveolar ridge is always a challenge, more so in case of a long standing atrophic mandible. Mandible, the largest movable bone in the maxillofacial skeleton is associated with many soft tissue attachments which imparts dislodging forces to prosthesis. In addition to this, the rate of resorption of the mandibular ridge is four times that of the maxilla. These factors make the environment of the mandibular arch less favorable to complete denture stability and retention. An ideal solution would be to augment the atrophic alveolar ridge with native bone of the individual which shall eliminate the possible complications, associated with conventional ridge augmentation procedures. With advent of modern technology, and increased biological understanding, the principles of distraction osteogenesis are increasingly being applied to the craniofacial skeleton and have been found to be a viable option in augmenting the native alveolar bone in the mandible. Here the application of an indigenous stainless steel vertical alveolar distraction device to augment atrophic anterior mandibular ridge is assessed in six patients.