[Alternative variants of formation of permanent vascular access for hemodialysis]. / Al'ternativnye varianty formirovaniia postoiannogo sosudistogo dostupa dlia gemodializa.

A native arteriovenous fistula is the most preferred type of a permanent vascular access (PVA) amongst the patients on programmed haemodialysis. Complications of vascular accesses leading to their lost with time would eventually and unavoidably result in exhaustion of the vascular recourses of the patient thus creating posing a problem while forming yet another PVA. Taking into consideration vitally important necessity of carrying out haemodialysis procedures for these patients, vascular surgeons have to search for alternative variants of access to the vascular bed. According to the KDOQI guidelines, in case of full loss of suitable vessels on upper limbs, formation of PVA may be possible in the area of the femur and in the upper third of the chest, predominantly with the use of a prosthesis as a shunt. Presented in the article are different variants of PVA whose creation was dictated by impossibility of using standard approaches to treatment of such patients.

[Permanent vascular access for haemodialysis].

The presence of a permanent vascular access (PVA) is the pledge of successful treatment of patients being on chronic haemodialysis (CD). Creation and maintenance of a functioning PVA is the priority task of vascular and endovascular surgeons, nephrologists and specialists of haemodialysis departments. According to the KDOQI guidelines, the most preferable type of PVA is a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF). As an alternative it is possible to use a synthetic prosthesis for creating an arteriovenous shunt (AVS) or implantation of a central venous catheter (CVC). Various complications of vascular accesses leading to their loss create the necessity of forming just another PVA, thus negatively influencing the life span and quality of life of this cohort of patients. Improving surgical technique and approaches to treatment, as well as carrying out dynamic monitoring of the condition of the created PVA make it possible to considerably decrease the incidence rate of such complications and to improve the quality of medical care rendered.

[Endovascular interventions in true and false aneurysms of hepatic, splenic and renal arteries].

A false aneurysm of visceral arteries is a life-threatening pathology sufficiently difficult to treat. Open operations are characterised by a large scope, considerable surgical injury and accompanied by a high rate of serious complications. The development of the technology of superselective catheterization of blood vessels, creation of specialized microcatheters, glue composites and various types of spirals made it possible to treat this severe pathology without resorting to open operations. The work deals with a brief literature review concerning epidemiology, methods of diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries, followed by presenting three clinical case reports concerning successful treatment of posttraumatic false aneurysms of the right hepatic and splenic arteries, as well as an aneurysm of the renal artery. Both immediate and remote results of endovascular interventions in these patients are followed up, demonstrably showing possibilities of endovascular technologies in treatment of the pathology involved.