Thromboelastometry profile in critically ill patients: A single-center, retrospective, observational study.

BACKGROUND: Transfusion therapy is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Conventional coagulation tests (CCT) are weak bleeding predictors, poorly reflecting coagulation in vivo. Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) provides early identification of coagulation disorders and can guide transfusion therapy by goals, reducing blood components transfusion. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe coagulation profile of critically ill patients using ROTEM and evaluate the association between CCT and thromboelastometry. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study conducted in medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to ICU between November 2012 and December 2014, in whom ROTEM analyses were performed for bleeding management were included in this study. The first ROTEM and CCT after ICU admission were recorded simultaneously. Additionally, we collected data on blood components transfusion and hemostatic agents immediately after laboratory tests results. RESULTS: The study included 531 patients. Most ROTEM tests showed normal coagulation profile [INTEM (54.8%), EXTEM (54.1%) and FIBTEM (53.3%)] with divergent results in relation to CCT: low platelet count (51.8% in INTEM and 55.9% in EXTEM); prolonged aPTT (69.9% in INTEM and 63.7% in EXTEM) and higher INR (23.8% in INTEM and 27.4% in EXTEM). However 16,7% of patients with normocoagulability in ROTEM received platelet concentrates and 10% fresh frozen plasma. CONCLUSION: The predominant ROTEM profile observed in this sample of critically ill patients was normal. In contrast, CCT suggested coagulopathy leading to a possibly unnecessary allogenic blood component transfusion. ROTEM test may avoid inappropriate allogeneic blood products transfusion in these patients.

Implementation of vertical clinical pharmacist service on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the vertical clinical pharmacist service's interventions in prevention of venous thromboembolism. METHODS: This prospective study was done at a private hospital. From January to May 2012, the clinical pharmacist evaluated medical patients without prophylaxis for thromboembolism. If the patient fulfilled criteria for thromboembolism and did not have contraindications, the clinical pharmacist suggested inclusion of pharmacologic agents and/or mechanical methods for venous thromboembolism prevention. In addition, the appropriate dose, route of administration, duplicity and replacement of the drug were suggested. RESULTS: We evaluated 9,000 hospitalized medical patients and carried out 77 pharmaceutical interventions. A total of 71 cases (92.21%) adhered to treatment so that non-adherence occurred in 6 cases (7.79%). In 25 cases pharmacologic agents were included and in 20 cases mechanical prophylaxis. Dose adjustments, route, frequency, duplicity and replacement made up 32 cases. CONCLUSION: The vertical clinical pharmacist service included the prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism and promotion of appropriate use of medicines in the hospital.

Implementation of vertical clinical pharmacist service on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients / Implantação do serviço do farmacêutico clínico vertical na profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes clínicos hospitalizados

Objective : To describe the vertical clinical pharmacist service’s interventions in prevention of venous thromboembolism. Methods : This prospective study was done at a private hospital. From January to May 2012, the clinical pharmacist evaluated medical patients without prophylaxis for thromboembolism. If the patient fulfilled criteria for thromboembolism and did not have contraindications, the clinical pharmacist suggested inclusion of pharmacologic agents and/or mechanical methods for venous thromboembolism prevention. In addition, the appropriate dose, route of administration, duplicity and replacement of the drug were suggested. Results : We evaluated 9,000 hospitalized medical patients and carried out 77 pharmaceutical interventions. A total of 71 cases (92.21%) adhered to treatment so that non-adherence occurred in 6 cases (7.79%). In 25 cases pharmacologic agents were included and in 20 cases mechanical prophylaxis. Dose adjustments, route, frequency, duplicity and replacement made up 32 cases. Conclusion : The vertical clinical pharmacist service included the prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism and promotion of appropriate use of medicines in the hospital. .

Objetivo : Descrever as intervenções do serviço do farmacêutico clínico vertical na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso. Métodos : Estudo prospectivo, feito em hospital privado. Durante 5 meses, de janeiro a maio de 2012, o farmacêutico clínico avaliou os pacientes clínicos internados sem profilaxia para o tromboembolismo venoso. Se o paciente apresentasse critérios para desenvolver o tromboembolismo e não houvesse contraindicações para a profilaxia, o farmacêutico clínico sugeria a inclusão da profilaxia medicamentosa e/ou mecânica para equipe médica. Além disso, também foram feitas sugestões em relação à dose, via de administração, posologia, duplicidade terapêutica e substituição do medicamento profilático. Resultados : Foram avaliados 9.000 pacientes internados e feitas 77 intervenções farmacêuticas, houve adesão em 71 casos (92,21%); logo, a não adesão pelo médico ocorreu em 6 casos (7,79%). Em 25 casos houve a inclusão da profilaxia medicamentosa e, em 20 casos, a inclusão da profilaxia mecânica. Os ajustes de dose, via, frequência, duplicidade e substituição somaram 32 casos. Conclusão : A implantação do serviço do farmacêutico clínico vertical abrangeu a inclusão da profilaxia para tromboembolismo venoso e a promoção do uso correto de medicamentos no ambiente hospitalar. .