[Prevalence and risk factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior]. / Rasprostranennost' i faktory riska nesuitsidal'nogo samopovrezhdayushchego povedeniya.

The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents has increased significantly in the early 21st century. The phenomenon of NSSI behavior has become one of the key health problems in the field of adolescent psychiatry and psychology over the past decade worldwide. However, the social characteristics and factors influencing NSSI are very different in different regions of the world. Studies of self-harming behavior indicate that the upward trend is almost equally relevant for developing and developed countries. To date, the methodological basis for the diagnosis of NSSI has not been sufficiently developed in the Russian Federation, there are only some studies of NSSI both from an empirical perspective and in the context of the search for risk factors, causes and functions, models of comorbidity with mental disorders.

[Quantitative characteristics of the alpha-band of the electroencephalogram in people with alcohol dependence]. / Kolichestvennye kharakteristiki al'fa-ritma elektroentsefalogrammy u lits s alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To study the quantitative characteristics of the alpha-band in patients with alcoholism, depending on the main clinical and dynamic characteristics of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 76 patients, aged 24 to 55 years, with alcohol dependence were examined. Forty-five healthy individuals were examined as a control group. Recording and analysis of the electric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph in a state of calm wakefulness with closed and open eyes. The values of the absolute spectral power of the alpha-band were analyzed, the microstructure of the alpha spindle and the alpha band reactivity index were evaluated. RESULTS: The values of the spectral power of the alpha-band with closed eyes were statistically significantly lower in patients with alcohol dependence in all leads (p<0.05), except for the antero-temporal and mid-temporal. The microstructure of the alpha spindle in patients with alcohol dependence was mainly represented by a flat (59.2%) or low-amplitude (28.9%) type with a predominance of an accelerated band (40.8%). The degree of alpha-band depression in the leads P3 (p=0.043), P4 (p=0.047), O2 (p=0.039), T5 (p=0.037) and T6 (p=0.002) was significantly less pronounced in patients with alcohol dependence compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that some aspects of addictive behavior are accompanied by significant objective functional changes in the brain.

[A screening study of non-suicidal forms self-injurious behavior in persons of draft age]. / Skriningovoe issledovanie nesuitsidal'nykh form samopovrezhdayushchego povedeniya u lits prizyvnogo vozrasta.

A screening study on non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in men of military age was conducted. OBJECTIVE: Study was aimed to determine the prevalence, structure and causes of non-suicidal self-injuries in 193 men aged 19.68±2.07. METHOD: Assessment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) was performed with clinical interview and the scale on self-harm behavior (Polskaya, 2014). RESULTS: The study revealed that 38.7% (75 persons) in the sample committed an act of self-harm at least once in their life. The most common acts of instrumental self-harm were striking with a fist, leg, head or body by hard surfaces and self-cutting. Among somatic self-harm, nail biting, lip, cheeks and tongue biting, as well as skin combing and creating obstacles for wound healing were founded. CONCLUSION: Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior of persons of military age presented by the tools and somatic self-harm and caused by the factors of «regaining control over emotions¼, «impact on others¼, «stress relief¼.

[Hormones of stress-response system in alcohol dependence: the ability to predict duration of remission]. / Gormony stress-realizuyushchei sistemy pri alkogol'noi zavisimosti: vozmozhnost' prognozirovaniya dlitel'nosti remissii.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum of hormones of the stress-realizing system in the time course of therapy of withdrawal syndrome and post-withdrawal state and analyze their possible relationships with the duration of therapeutic remission in patients with alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination included 74 men admitted in the clinic at Mental Health Research Institute NRMC diagnosed as having «Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol¼ (dependence syndrome F10.21 and withdrawal state - F10.30) according to ICD-10. The control group included 35 men matched in age with patients. Concentration of cortisol, testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) were determined by immunoenzyme method (IEM), in patients - at two points: point 1 - by day 3-5 of the admission in the clinic in the withdrawal syndrome state after alcohol detoxification; point 2 - by day 15-17 of the anti-alcohol therapy. RESULTS: In the general group of patients with alcohol dependence the elevation of the level of cortisol in comparison with control was established (pc<0,0001 at both points) and increase of concentration at point 2 (p=0,0253 to point 1). Concentration of testosterone at point 1 exceeded the level of control (pc=0,0203), at point 2 decreased up to control values and in relation to point 1 (p=0,0004). In relation to control the level of TSH in patients was decreased at point 1 (pc=0,0077); the concentration of fT3 and fT4 was reliably decreased at both points; concentration of fT4 decreased further in the process of the therapy of the post-withdrawal state (p=0,0003 to point 1). According to the duration of the last therapeutic remission, two groups of patients were formed: those with unstable remission (up to 6 months) and with the formed stable remission (1 year or more). A comparative analysis of the concentration of cortisol and testosterone in blood serum taken in patients at point 1 revealed a significant excess of testosterone in the group with unstable remission, both in relation to the control (pc=0,0239) and to the indicator in the group of patients with stable remission (p=0,0159). CONCLUSION: Dysfunctions in the spectrum of stress-realizing hormones in patients with alcohol dependence in the time course of the therapy for withdrawal syndrome and post-withdrawal state were revealed, the main of which are high level of cortisol, testosterone, reduction of secretion of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine. Patients with unstable therapeutic remission are characterized by a high concentration of testosterone after alcohol detoxification, which allows us to consider testosterone as a biological criterion that can increase the accuracy of prediction of the duration of remission after anti-alcohol therapy.

[Etno-territorial prevalence of hashishism in some Siberian areas].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of cannabinoid dependence (hashishism) in the Siberian region in the etno-territorial context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on the statistical results, we analyzed the dynamics of prevalence of hashish addiction in some Siberian territories in 1999-2006. RESULTS: The dynamics of the indicators studied differ significantly, with some differences being in opposite directions. The following variants of these changes (trends) were specified: linear, logarithmic, polynominal and a trend that reflected the degree of changes (degree trend). Territories attributed to the linear variant are characterized by the relatively lower prevalence of hashishism, accelerated or slowed down changes are noted for the logarithmic variant, the instability of indicators is characteristic of the polynomial variant and the high degree of the prevalence of cannabinoid dependence is the main feature of the "degree trend". CONCLUSION: Despite the differences between territories, the number of registered patients in whole is an equipotential variable, typical for a distinct territory, without any trend toward the dramatic changes.

[Ethnoterritorial heterogeneity of alcohol dependence formation in the native population of Siberia].

Clinical-dynamic parameters of heterogeneity of alcohol dependence in 155 tuvinian and russian patients with lucid and psychotic forms of the disease have been studied. A highly progressive form of alcoholism with late onset of systematic consumption of alcohol has been identified in tuvinians as compared with russians. The formation of withdrawal syndrome occurs at later age than in russians (37.7 and 29.6 years; p=0.00004), but its development is more rapid - in average 2-2.5 years of systematic alcohol consumption. Psychotic forms of alcoholism are more frequent in tuvinians with the earlier onset of systematic consumption of alcohol and manifestation of basic disease syndromes (by 7 and 5 years, respectively) than in those with lucid alcoholism. In conclusion, treatment and rehabilitation of patients of different ethnic groups should be based on clinical and social features of the disease.

[Use of remaxol in the combination therapy of post-withdrawal disorders in alcoholic patients with comorbid liver damage].

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Remaxol used to treat post-withdrawal disorders in alcoholic patients with comorbid liver damage. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The authors assessed the severity of clinical parameters, such as pathological craving and anhedonia, biochemical parameters (bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) in 120 patients aged 30-60 years in the stage of remission formation. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) 62 patients received Remaxol; 2) 58 persons took placebo (a comparative group). RESULTS: The use of the drug caused an accelerated reduction in somato-autonomic symptoms and a decrease in affective strain and manifestations of anxiety with disactualization of a pathological alcohol craving ideator. The patients receiving remaxol showed a prompt improvement in some biochemical parameters: the levels of total and direct bilirubin halved; in Group 1, the multiplicity of a decrease in ALT and AST activities was 2.5 and 2.2 times versus 1.38 and 1.47 in Group 2. After the course of therapy, the symptoms of anhedonia diminished by 5.2 times in Group 1 and only by 2.4 times in Group 2. CONCLUSION: The positive changes induced by remaxol incorporated into the combination treatment are due to the polymodal effect of the drug on metabolic mechanisms in both the nervous system and liver. This double action promotes the increased efficiency of treatment and the creation of conditions for remission.

[The role of reamberin in combined therapy of abstinence syndrome in alcoholics].

Clinical efficacy of 7 day reamberin therapy of abstinence syndrome was compared in 32 alcoholics with concomitant exogenous organic brain lesions (F 10.2, mean age 41.2 +/- 6.3 YR) and 46 control patients given no treatment. Reamberin accelerated reduction of somatovegetative manifestations of abstinence syndrome with subsequent normalization of its affective components. It is concluded that combined therapy including reamberin significantly reduced severity of endogenous intoxication in alcoholics suffering exogenous organic brain lesions.

Mental and behavioral disorders in substance use among adolescents under conditions of the Far North.

UNLABELLED: It is worthwhile to pay attention to substance dependence in the Far North, which exacerbates personality by formation of psychological dependence. The Circumpolar region of West Siberia is an area of discomforts (Korolenko C.P., 1978; Yagya N.S., 1980; Sapov I.A., Novikov V.S., 1984; Khrushchev V.L., 1994; Kaznacheyev V.P. et al., 2002). The results of the reported research have been obtained in a complex study of addictive states among adolescents living in Gubkinsky of YNAO. The Far North is a region with an extreme environment. MATERIAL: 490 adolescents of Gubkinsky (53.8% of all adolescents). Mean age 15.4 +/- 0.9 years. Basic (1) group--adolescents abusing substances (n = 174), using drugs (at least once in the life), alcohol--100-200 g of vodka (1-2 times a week) and adolescents with tolerance to vodka 300-500g and more. Control (2) group--adolescents without substance consumption (n = 316). Drug addicts (3) group--Gubkinsky (n = 64), mean age: 19.7 +/- 1.3 years; drug addicts (4) group--Tomsk (n = 60), mean age: 20.6 +/- 1.7 years. Local situation in recent 10 years has been characterized by high prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence among population with increase of viral hepatitis and HIV-infection.