[Prophylaxis and treatment of periimpalntitis].

Ultrasonic Vector System (Dürr Dental, Germany) is the best means for complex treatment of peri-implantitis. The therapeutic effect of the system proved anti-inflammatory and regenerative impact of calcium hydroxyapatite on the soft tissue around the implant. The effectiveness of the result provided full, persistent and safe removal of bacteria, dental plaque, infected granulation tissue; the possibility of regular monitoring, prevention of re-infection of pathological pockets, without damaging the hard and soft tissues around the implant, the implant itself and artificial fragile crown, securing superb cleaning and polishing of the implant surface, which is an important condition for the further reduction and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria population. Healing peri-implantitis pockets at the expense of using conventional oral hygiene is not possible. Tools of carbon fiber in combination with a suspension Vector Fluid Polish and the Vector machine successfully accomplish the function of disinfection and polishing. The aim of the research was to present the results of peri-implantitis treatment with a new ultrasonic device Ultrasonic Vector System. Surgical treatment (21% of patients) was atraumatic. The risk of infection was decreased and necessary conditions were created for a significant acceleration of the tissue healing process. Relying on the successful results we recommend Vector- therapy before surgical procedures. Complex treatment was repeated depending on the clinical manifestations of inflammation around the implant. To prevent peri-implantitis, and get timely diagnosis of unwanted changes, and to maintain implants and the soft tissues around them in a healthy condition, the patients were strongly recommended to visit the dentist 3-4 times a year. They were offered professional oral hygiene and accessible parts of the implants with the help of a Vector machine. Relying on the results of the research we conducted during the treatment of peri-implantitis, we have seen the "magic" efficiency and the need to apply the «Vector¼ system into the complex treatment of this disease.

[Pain management in dentistry].

The aim of the study was to determine the most effective dose of Ibuprofen - one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently used in dental practice for pain management. According to our observations, Ibuprofen markedly softens and quickly reduces procedural pain in 55 (91.67%) patients and post-procedural pain in 44 (73.33%) patients, reduces the post-procedural need for or the amount of the drug, removes the fear of anesthesia and endodontic treatment; with irreversible pulpits significantly increases the efficiency of the inferior alveolar nerve block by local anesthetics. Our clinical observation of taking ibuprofen pre-procedurally demonstrates its effectiveness not only as a means for the relief of pain episodes, but also as an excellent anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic toothache Based on our research, the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before dental interventions, in this case - Ibuprofen turned out to be the key to the success of effective pain management. We suggest that administration of analgesics in order to relieve and effectively pre-empt pain before, during or after treatment should start before surgery and furthermore, this treatment should be extended into the postoperative period. Premedication with ibuprofen significantly increased the success rates of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

[Stratification of risk factors of progressing of acute respiratory infection in children].

The work purpose is the complex estimation of endogenous intoxication (change of optical density of plasma and erythrocytes), depressions of tissue hypoxia and functions of protective system, clinical and laboratory stratification of the risks-factors promoting progressing of disease and complication of pneumonia. There was carried cross-section study. The study included 36 patients from 1 to 7 years with an acute respiratory infection. The control group was made up of 19 healthy children. The comparative analysis of results of the specified factors and laboratory research set as the purpose to reveal the predictable negative risk factors. Evaluation of the quantitative findings of risks-factors was carried out in 95 % taking into account the confidence interval (CI). For the acute respiratory infection complicated with pneumonia, was determined strongly marked toxemia, and also high activity of antioxidant systems (SOD and catalase) and lysosomal enzymes (catepsin, RNA) was noted. The prognosis of the authentic risks-factors of acute respiratory disease was defined with following indicators: age of the child - before three years; hereditary background with a respiratory system pathology; the tobacco use in a family; low level of knowledge of parents; incomplete treatment; change of optical density of plasma and erythrocytes; fall (reduction) of redox-potential of the system of energy maintenance. We developed predictable model on probability of expected complications of respiratory system and groups of low, average and high risk were allocated.

[Some indicators of children homeostasis, living in arsenic polluted environment].

Two groups of school children (7-16 years old) were studied. One child was from Lukhuni gorge, where arsenic was mined and processed for many years; 11 children were living far (>50 km) from the territory of arsenic mining. Pediatric monitoring revealed significant increase of general morbidity, particularly acute respiratory diseases. Cytogenetic, immunological and hematological investigations were conducted in 43 children (21 from group 1 and 22 from group 11). Simultaneously, the level of arsenic in blood and urine was defined. At all points the differences were revealed, that affirmed the impact of ecological factors on the organism and adaptative processes in children.

[Influence of antioxidant therapy on teeth firm tissues after endobleaching].

By endobleaching in the issue of peroxide penetration, extensively decreases adhesion of teeth tissues in dentinal canaliculus that in turn, demands to delay for some days the procedure of restoration by a filling. And it is inconvenient enough for patients. Proceeding from carried out researches, it is possible to consider the best way out an antioxidants usage after bleaching. Under their influence, the peroxide sedimentary layer against the firm tooth tissue is neutralized much more quickly. Antioxidants influence improves the microcirculation process passing in teeth, and also a respiratory chain that causes increase in adhesiveness, therefore appears a powerful transitive hybrid layer. The last, creates close contact between a filling and a tooth, and also excludes occurrence of microspacing and, accordingly, secondary caries. It is received micro strength of these teeth firm tissues, teeth edges do not require in additional tool finishing and their color from the aesthetic point of view is satisfactory. The aforesaid enables us to consider the antioxidant usage in endobleaching practice of devital teeth as a perspective direction.

[Flexible root posts].

The article discusses the current state of restoration techniques of root canal treatment. Nowadays, technical progress allows manufacturers to develop flexible fiberglass posts, aspiring not only to an excellent aesthetics and mechanical properties (first of all, in comparison with metal and cast posts), but also to maintenance of their radio density and a wide range of forms. Growth of fiberglass posts popularity testifies to their clinical efficiency that also is confirmed by results of long-term researches. Introduction of fiberglass posts in a dental practice has rendered huge influence on restoration techniques of root canal treatment. Convincing factors of fiberglass posts superiority provide restoration the appearance similar with the natural dentition; possess close to dentine elasticity; creation of monolithic structure with hard tooth tissues and composite cement, posts, in case of need, can be easily adjusted on length, adhesive linkage of posts gives them additional stability. Modern researches have confirmed that only elastic, namely carbon fiber and the fiberglass posts made of modern technologies possess similar physical properties, as tooth structure. They can create reliable biomimetic design; solve a complex of aesthetic and functional restoration problems.

[Periodontitis treatment by "vector" system].

Periodontal therapy by means of Vector device directly effects an environment of the tooth. It allows removing sub gingival dental plaque destroying pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins, washing out periodontal pockets carefully and polishing teeth roots. During treatment the hard tissues are not injured and the gum is not injured as well. Efficiency of a new ultrasonic technique in the complex treatment of periodontal diseases was declared. Periodontal therapy with the ultrasonic device leads to clinical improvements. It was found that Vector treatment was effective in the treatment of patients suffering from periodontitis.

["Golden proportion" and its application to calculate dentition].

Within an evolutionary process, the nature has created the standard of aesthetics - a "gold proportion" on the basis of which, the parts of human body, to be more exact, teeth and denture correspond to each other and to own parts by the size, which is the ideal precondition for ideal appearance. The charming smile serves as the proof, that teeth in denture are located by a principle of "gold proportion". A "gold proportion" is the corner stone of beauty and it can be applied with success in stomatology. Proportion is the certain ratio between parts, and proportional means a proper correlation of parts among themselves. It is reputed, that knowledge about "gold proportion" Pythagor has got from products of the Egyptian and Babylon scientists. And this is true, proportions of cult constructions, bas-relieves, pyramids in Giza, home appliances and ornaments from Tutanhamon tomb testify, that under their creation the Egyptian masters were guided by a principle of "gold proportion". The facade of ancient Greek temple Parthenon is built by a principle of "gold proportion". During archeological digs of this temple the compasses which sculptors and architects of an ancient world used has been found. The "gold proportion" is mentioned in the work which has reached us "Beginning" the author is the scientist of antique epoch Euclid. In 1509, in Venice the book of Luka Pacholi the "Divine proportion" has been published, its illustration is attributed to Leonardo de Vinci. This work has been recognized as a "Hymn of a gold proportion". In 1885 the German researcher professor Zeising published his work - "Aesthetic researches". When Zeising has received numerical values of piece length, he saw that they coincided with figures of some numerical sequence, which was offered by the great Italian mathematician of Middle Ages Fibonacci (or Leonardo Pisano). In his composition the "Abacus Book" Leonardo Fibonacci showed aforesaid sequence of numbers, by means of which he has explained the formula of duplication of rabbits. The specified sequence scientists have seen in many phenomena of the Universe. In sequence of Fibonacci, in some division of its term on previous, it is received irrational number 1,61803398875.., known as Fibonacci. It is used in the reduced, approximated kind as F = 1,618 or phi = 0,618. Fibonacci also gave a proportional number (...3:2, 5:3, 8:5, 13:8...), where numerator represents the sum of two previous numbers in Fibonacci sequence. And in proportional number, similar to numerical sequence, the result of any ratio will be approximately the same - this an irrational number which asymptotically comes to 1,61803398875.... Two numbers of Fibonacci sequence F = 1,618 or phi = 0,618 or phi = 1:F... represent constants of the same sequence. It is actual in stomatology to use proportional way. For example, in orthopedic stomatology taking into consideration of ratio 5:3, promotes improvement of basic fabrics tension, prolongation of teeth functioning and denture, and also planning of correct redistribution of chewing function. In 60th -70th years the American stomatologists carried out many researches to define what kind of part "gold proportion" takes in this area of medicine. Orthodontist Robert Rikets has established that separate teeth correlate with each other by a principle of "gold proportion". In his works Roberts Rickets has specified, that mentioned data is necessary to be considered in aesthetic stomatology during teeth reconstruction. An eminent stomatologist from California, the surgeon, doctor Shtefan Markvart has found out that the height of lateral incisors corresponds to width of lateral incisors by a principle of "gold proportion". This fact has helped the decision of many aesthetic problems. Knowing the width, it is easy to calculate the height and vice versa. When the width is optimum, it cannot be broken with the purpose of closing of an interval. The principle of "gold proportion" in connection with a denture consists in the following: the central incisors are hardly longer than lateral incisors and are almost equal to the length of canines: and lateral incisors are slightly shorter and thinner than the central incisors. The width and the length of each tooth is measured by compasses and calculated for each patient individually. According to a "gold proportion" fore-teeth as a part of person appearance are in the certain ratio to each other. The basic key for the description and construction of four incisors and two canines considers the size (which is accepted as unit) of the width of a small piece of teeth arch or a lateral incisor. On the basis of a lateral incisor width, by the formula of "gold proportion", it is formed the width of the central incisors and canines, and also the length of a fore-part of a dental arch, and vise versa if the length of a fore-part of a dental arch is known, to achieve an ideal aesthetic condition by a principle of "gold proportion", it is defined the width of all fore-teeth. Teeth measurement is taken to define an initial condition, denture calculation, verification of the received results during teeth construction and estimation of the complete denture reconstruction.

[Peculiarities of joint course of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in population of school-age children].

Purpose of the work was to investigate clinical-allergic peculiarities of allergic rhinitis, together with bronchial asthma in school-age children. There were studied random representative group of children, in total 3000 subjects from 6 to 17. According to the results of epidemiological research in school-age children's population, prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 13,2%. In 19,1% of cases, allergic rhinitis was accompanied with bronchial asthma and in 8% of the patients there was indicated bronchial spasm of physical load (verified as clinically, also through the test with physical load), coughing version of asthma was observed in 4,5% of children. Thus, in children with allergic rhinitis, within the structure of clinical versions (by the criteria of severity) of rare bronchial asthma prevailed (69,8%, among which 65% - intermitting form and 4,8% - persisting form), without statistically significant difference between the boys and girls. Combination of inherited predisposition to allergy with the atopic dermatitis, in the in the anamnesis of children with the increased level of general IgE in the blood serum may be considered as early diagnostic predictor of atopic phenotype as for the allergic rhinitis, also for its combination with the bronchial asthma.

[Immunological parameters and ultrastructure of blood formed elements in nephrotic syndrome in children].

The aim of the study was the evaluation of significance of immunopathogenic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome and the study of the ultrastructural changes of peripheral blood formed elements. The observation was carried out on 64 patients with steroid sensitive minimal change nephrotic syndrome. During the manifestation and recurrence of the disease, in the majority of the patients, the results of immunological studies revealed the reduction in both total and absolute count of T-lymphocytes on the background of decreased immunoregulatory index (T(4+)/ T(8+)). In the peripheral blood statistically reliable reduction in the percent value of T(3+) and T(4+) phenotype lymphocytes and elevation of number of T(8+)-lymphocytes were observed. On the background of normal values of B-lymphocytes appeared increase of IgM and decrease of IgG and IgA. In most cases significant elevation in the value of IgE - (244+10,3) and low values of INF-gamma, ultrastructural changes of blood monocytes were apparent. The peculiarities of ultrastructural changes of eosinophils and basophiles especially were pronounced by cytomembrane degranulation in form of decrease in electric density.

[Dependence of child health on the ecology].

The purpose of the work was to establish correlation between detected with the help of micronuclei in exfoliation cells infringements in the genetic disorder of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) at children living in Lukhuni gorge. Heavy metals having mutagenous trait can cause variety of diseases and first of all influence on the genetic apparatus, which damage often reflects chromosome change. The study of micronuclei in exfoliation cells is comparatively new, easily reachable and believable informative method. From Lukhuni gorge it is indicated true lifting amount of micronuclei. In a distance this indications where far less. It is investigated 150 children: 50 from Lukhuni gorge (I group) where the maintenance of arsenic is sharply raised in environment and 100 from the regions remote from Lukhuni gorge. Amount average quantity micronuclei in 1000 cells in I group was very high 22,38+/-1,26 in. In the second was 4,36+/-0,50 (t=12,82; p<0,0001). All children, under the anamnesis and the clinical data, have been divided on frequently were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection(in one year > 4-5 times) and seldom were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection (< 4-5 times). ARI most frequently were marked in this region. It is revealed correlation between amount of micronuclei in exfoliation cells and parameters of illness respiratory diseases at children living in territories, polluted with arsenic and his derivatives (R=0,789; p<0,000001).

6Li from Solar Flares.

By introducing a hitherto ignored 6Li producing process, due to accelerated 3He reactions with 4He, we show that accelerated particle interactions in solar flares produce much more 6Li than 7Li. By normalizing our calculations to gamma-ray data, we demonstrate that the 6Li produced in solar flares, combined with photospheric 7Li, can account for the recently determined solar wind lithium isotopic ratio, obtained from measurements in lunar soil, provided that the bulk of the flare-produced lithium is evacuated by the solar wind. Further research in this area could provide unique information on a variety of problems, including solar atmospheric transport and mixing, solar convection and the lithium depletion issue, and solar wind and solar particle acceleration.

[Significance of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of allergic diseases]. / Znachimost' geneticheskikh faktorov v étiopatogeneze allergicheskikh zabolevanii.

It was established using the methods of genetic-mathematical analysis that the multifactorial model of heredity with uninterrupted distribution of liability is more adequate to the genetic system defining hereditary predisposition to allergoses.