[Non-invasive study of hemodynamics in peripheral arteries by pulsed Doppler associated with bidimensional echography. A preliminary study]. / Etude non invasive de l'hémodynamique des artères périphériques par Doppler pulsé couplé à l'échographie bidimensionnelle. Etude préliminaire.

The purpose of this study is the validation of a 2D-echography and range-gated system to measure internal diameter, and instantaneous blood flow velocity, and to calculate the blood flow, in peripheral arteries (i.e. common carotid artery, femoral artery, and humeral artery). The artery is first visualized using the echographic array probe, its internal diameter (D) is determined and its cross sectional area (S) calculated; the array of the ultrasonic system and the doppler probe are attached and forme a fixed angle. The range-gated doppler system allows the measurement of instantaneous blood flow velocity, with a position of the sample volume covering the internal diameter. Instantaneous velocities are integrated on several cardiac cycles to calculate the mean velocity (Vm). (S. Vm) measures the blood flow. The echographic array probe allows a control of the doppler beam position. In vitro velocities have been measured (N = 20). The fixed angle is 38 degrees 30'; there is an obvious relationship between the calculated and the measured velocities (r = 0.982; p less than 0.0001). The intra-observer reproducibility of measures on common carotid arteries (CCA), femoral arteries (FA), and humeral arteries (HA). In 7 normal patients is, respectively: diameters: (4.9%, 4.12%, 10.2%); velocities: (8.9%, 10.6%, 10.2%). The inter-observers reproducibility is respectively: diameters: (5.6%, 5.4%, 11.4%); velocities: (6.5%, 5.7%, 6.3%). The comparison of 11 measures of diameters and velocities with 20 range-gated doppler gives an obvious relationship (respectively, r = 0.99 p less than 0.0001, r = 0.996, p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Oculomotor equilibrium and aviation activities]. / Equilibre oculo-moteur et activités aéronautiques.

A good oculomotor equilibrium warrants flight safety. It is indeed directly linked with depth vision an may decompensate, causing a deficit or a diplopia. It is therefore very important to screen pilots carefully and to have periodical examinations to check the oculomotor equilibrium.

[Drug-induced dyschromatopsias]. / Les dyschromatopsies pharmacogènes.

PIP: Drug-induced dyschromatopsias are defined as functional or objective alterations of color sense following drug treatment. Drug induced chromatopsias are characterized by a perception of white surfaces as colored and occur following modifications of normally transparent structures or alterations of the chorioretina or higher centers. Digitalic intoxication is responsible for incorrect perception of yellow or blue; the retinal origin of the disorder is confirmed by electroretinograms and histologic modifications in the photoreceptor synapses. Santonin in doses exceeding 1 cg is associated with various color misperceptions due to injury to a peripheral neuron or problems of rhodopsin formation. Some sulfas and antibiotics may cause misperception of yellow, and the anticonvulsant drug Tridione may cause an almost complete disappearance of some colors. Chromotopsias of central origin due to direct action on cerebral neurons are rare but may follow use of phenacetine or atropine. Drug induced dyschromatopsias are more common and may be the initial symptoms of various kinds of drug intoxication. Various simple and reliable tests enable the practicing clinician to detect such disorders at an early stage. Synthetic antimalarial drugs derived from chloroquine and used in longterm treatment of rheumatism or during antimalarial prophylaxis, indomethacine, and the phenotiazins may cause dyschromatopsias due to retinal intoxication. Oral contraceptives diminish the chromatic perception in 20% of cases according to 1 author, and often cause deficits of blue-yellow perception. Disulfiram, certain antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, nystatin, isoniazide, and other drugs may cause dyschromatopsias due to alterations in the optical fibers. Ethambutol is the most harmful to color perception; its effects are usually but not always reversible on discontinuation of the drug. Systematic tests of color perception should be administered prior to and during treatment with any drug known to affect the color sense.^ieng

[Reactions in the rats from prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose. 3. Crystalline lens]. / Répercussions chez le rat d'une consommation prolongée de lactose ou de lactose hydrolisé. 3. Etude du cristallin.

Three groups of 15 rats Wistar receive a well-balanced diet with 40 per cent of sucrose (T), lactose (P) or hydrolyzed lactose (PH) in the form of ultrafiltration permeate. After 160 days, no cataract is revealed in the T and P groups. In the PH group, 14 rats reached by cataracts in both eyes: it is slightly developed (PH 2), mildly developed (PH 3) or practically total (PH 4). The inositol disappearance, the high quantity of galactitol, the water and sodium increases are the factors observed before the lens opacification and are responsible for the cataract. Then, during the opacification, soluble proteins, potassium and hydratation of the lens decrease. Galactose 1-P is slowly formed before and during the lens opacification. The lens of the P group (lactose) differ from the control group (T) by the nature and the quantity of hexitols, only.

[Compensating presbyopia: a new physiological progressive lens (author's transl)]. / Compensation de la presbytie. Un nouveau verre progressif physiologique.

After discussing the functional disadvantages arising after correction of presbyopia with uni--or multifocal lenses, the authors describe the optical and physiological advantages of a lens with progressively increasing power. The principal qualities of these physiologically progressive lenses are studies, and the results of a preliminary survey concerning their use are analysed. The indications for, and adaptation and tolerance of these lenses are outlined.