Oral condyloma acuminatum.

Oral condyloma acuminatum is a papillomatous lesion that is transmitted sexually and associated with the human papilloma virus. Condyloma acuminatum generally appears one to three months after exposure to an infected partner and presents in multiple form in the oral cavity.

Fibrous dysplasia associated with an idiopathic bone cavity.

A patient with fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla had an associated idiopathic bone cavity (traumatic bone cyst). The idiopathic bone cavity was localized over the roots of the right maxillary second molar and mimicked periapical pathosis. The patient was inappropriately treated with root canal therapy.

Eagle's syndrome: a clinical report and review of the literature.

A case of elongated stylohyoid ligament complex produced neck pain and dysphagia. The ossification of the stylohyoid complex and symptoms occurred after an automobile accident and were caused by cervicopharyngeal trauma. The patient was diagnosed with Eagle's syndrome based on clinical and radiographic examination. A stylohyoidectomy was performed, which led to the complete resolution of symptoms.

The likelihood of finding occult histopathology in routine third molar extractions.

Patients had their third molars extracted for reasons unrelated to concerns about the presence of pathologic entities. The preoperative differential diagnosis for a pericoronal radiolucent lesion was hyperplastic follicle, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and remotely, ameloblastoma. The study involved 42 patients with 101 bony or soft tissue impacted teeth. The most significant microscopic histopathology observed was dentigerous cysts. Of the 101 teeth evaluated, 46 (45.5 percent) were dentigerous cysts. The male to female ratio was 1:1, and the average age was 23.3 years. Frequently, a pericoronal radiolucent width of 2.0 mm on the pantomograph is associated with the presence of microscopic histopathology. The range of widths of the radiolucency associated with the dentigerous cysts in the present was 0.1 to 3.0 mm with 33 (72 percent) displaying a radiolucent widths of 1.0 mm. In the present study, dentigerous cysts were frequently observed, and aggressive histopathologic entities were not identified.

Osteochondroma of the coronoid process.

The osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor that occasionally appears in the oral cavity. An osteochondroma of the coronoid process can cause limited mouth opening, and as it grows, facial deformity. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice; recurrence has not been reported. Occurrence and treatment is described for a 26-year-old woman.

Benign keratotic squamous epithelial neoplasm of the palate: a unique lesion.

BACKGROUND: This case report describes a unique palatal tumor with features of a dermal neoplasm. Microscopically, the lesion appeared similar to a trichoepithelioma and trichoadenoma. METHODS: Light microscopic and immunohistochemical studies were performed to arrive at the final diagnosis. RESULTS: The lesion arose from the surface epithelium and had features of a dermal tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The case report describes a unique benign palatal neoplasm.

Review of the idiopathic bone cavity of the jaws.

The IBC is a lesion that favors the anterior portions of the jaws and occurs principally in young patients. The lesion radiographically tends to scallop up between the roots of the affected teeth and result in cortical expansion. The cause of the IBC has not been determined, but trauma seems least likely as the cause. The IBC is best treated by curettage, and follow-up is mandated. A biopsy is required to establish a definitive diagnosis and to rule out aggressive lesions that can appear radiographically similar to the IBC, such as the ameloblastoma and the parakeratinizing odontogenic keratocyst.

Carcinoma arising in a dentigerous cyst with neck metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dentigerous cyst is extremely uncommon. The diagnosis of carcinoma arising in a dentigerous cyst requires microscopically that an area of benign cystic epithelium is observed to transition into squamous cell carcinoma. In the present case, the patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck with an unknown primary. The primary site was found to be the follicular space associated with the right mandibular third molar. METHODS: Light microscopic studies were performed to arrive at the final diagnosis. RESULTS: Transition of the epithelial lining of the dentigerous cyst to squamous cell carcinoma was observed in multiple fields. CONCLUSIONS: The present case demonstrates that odontogenic cysts have to be considered a possible source of metastatic disease.

Speech aid prosthesis for a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis: a clinical report.

A speech aid prosthesis was fabricated to correct the hypernasality of the speech of a patient. The hypernasality was caused by velopharyngeal insufficiency related to Wegener's granulomatosis. Speech aids have been used for cleft palate patients for whom surgical treatment was not indicated, surgical treatment was declined, or before surgical treatment as an evaluation for possible speech improvement. A speech aid prosthesis can be an important treatment modality when surgical correction of a velopharyngeal defect is not indicated.

Osteitis in a torus mandibularis secondary to trauma.

A case is reported of osteitis in a mandibular torus subsequent to trauma, and the literature is reviewed. Excision of a torus mandibularis is recommended once osteitis develops.

Review of the transmucosal drug delivery.

The epithelial barriers limits the quantity of drug that can be delivered by a topical route for either local or systemic treatment. Any chemical that can help to reversibly minimize the epithelial barriers would improve drug uptake. Permeabilizers are such chemicals, and their mode of action generally involves fluidization of the intracellular lipid in the epithelial barrier. The vehicle in which the permeabilizers is delivered is equally important and needs to be specifically tailored to the solubility properties of the drug. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate permeabilizer and vehicle can make the delivery of medication across the oral mucosa a feasible option.

Actinic cheilitis: a premalignant condition.

Actinic cheilitis is a premalignant, irreversible disease that frequently affects the vermilion border of the lower lip. Since there is no correlation between clinical appearance and histologic aggressiveness, a biopsy is mandated. A vermilionectomy procedure is described, as well as the most frequently encountered complications.

The effects of permeabilizers on the in vitro penetration of propranolol through porcine buccal epithelium.

The purpose of the present study is to test the possibility that oleic acid might increase the permeability of buccal mucosa and thereby facilitate transmucosal drug delivery. Propranolol, a commonly used beta-blocking agent, was chosen as the model drug, and propylene glycol was chosen as a vehicle in which both propranolol and oleic acid are soluble. The flux of propranolol through porcine tissue mounted in perfusion chambers is monitored by ultraviolet spectroscopy. It is found that oleic acid in propylene glycol increases both the initial flux and the flux at steady state. With oleic acid concentrations in the range of 1 through 10%, there was a 3- to 4-fold increase in permeability to propranolol as judged by changes in permeability constant (KP) values. Oleic acid and propranolol also led to a virtual elimination of the lag time and a maximum drug flux exceeding that at steady state within 2 hours. Similar results were obtained with methyl oleate. Oleic acid has a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 in an 18-carbon chain, and it is thought that this double bond fluidizes membranes in the outer portion of the epithelium. This effect on membrane fluidity can account for the increase in KP. The effect of oleic acid in propylene glycol on the initial drug flux is mechanistically more complex and is though to be related to changing thermodynamic activity of the drug as water is displaced by propylene glycol in the tissue. Taken together, the present results indicate that permeability enhancement for the purpose of drug delivery through oral mucosa is feasible.