Antimicrobial Activity and Biological Compatibility Study of Methanolic Crude Extract of Senna auriculata (Flower).

Senna auriculata is a little flowering tree or shrub that is indigenous to India and Sri Lanka. It is also known by the names Tanner's Cassia and Avarampoo. It is a member of the Fabaceae family and is popular for its therapeutic and beautifying effects. S. auriculata is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including diabetes, fever, inflammation, skin problems, and liver issues. However, the antimicrobial activity of different species of S. auriculata from Tamil Nadu is still not fully explored. In this present study, the antimicrobial activity of S. auriculata (Flower) was obtained and shade dried and extracted the crude metabolites the, extracted metabolites was screened for it's antimicrobial properties and biological compatibility. The antimicrobial activity of crude metabolites shows 14 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) for S. aureus at 2 mg/well, whereas the P. aeruginosa and C. albicans show 12 mm ZOI for at 2 mg/well concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration also shows the 128 µg/mL for S. aureus and 256 µg/mL P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. The biological compatibility of crude metabolites shows 5% of hemolytic activity at higher concentrations the compound the metabolites having S. auriculata (Flower) may be biologically compatible.

Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of Acyclic Monoterpene Aldehyde with Diamines: Studies on Antimicrobial and in Vivo Evaluation of Zebrafish.

Citral (1a), a bioactive component of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) could be isolated and semi-synthetic analogs synthesized with improved therapeutic properties. Herein we first report describes citral (1a) as a primary material for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives between various o-phenylenediamines (2a-l) in the presence of Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as a commercially available environmentally benign base, ethanol as a green solvent and the yield of all benzimidazole derivatives (3a-l) was between 68-76 %; The semi-synthetically prepared benzimidazole derivatives (3a-l) were assessed for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. The benzimidazole compounds (3a-b, and 3g-j) exhibit good anti-microbial activity. In addition, in silico study was carried out to determine the specific binding affinity of the diamine halogen substituted benzimidazole derivatives to the specific target proteins. In silico analysis revealed a high correlation between docking results and experimental results. Finally, benzimidazole demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Zebrafish embryos were subjected to In vivo toxicological test found that all of the benzimidazole compounds (3a-l) were non-toxic and had low embryotoxicity after 96 h, with an LC50 of 36.425 µg, which could facilitate the design of novel antimicrobial agents using a cost-effective method.

Green synthesis of silver-nanoparticles from Annona reticulata leaves aqueous extract and its mosquito larvicidal and anti-microbial activity on human pathogens.

Silver nanoparticles play a important role in controlling mosquito population as well as multi drug resistant pathogens without causing much harm to humans. In the present study was focused on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles against dengue causing vector (Aedes aegypti) and pathogens affecting humans. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was confirmed using UV- absorption spectrum range obtained at 416 nm, XRD, FTIR and HR-TEM analysis were used to determine the silver nanoparticle morphology and size with ∼6.48 ± 1.2-8.13 ± 0.18 nm and face centered cubic structure. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were exposed to fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti with different concentration (3-20 µg/mL) for 24 h and its elicit maximum mortality (100%) at their final concentration of 20 µg/mL and it's LC50 value was 4.43 µg/mL and LC90 value was 13.96 µg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory activities of the tested pathogens were 125, 31.25, 62.5, 62.6 and 62.5 µg/mL for the Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans respectively. Further, the synthesized silver nanoparticle shows a potent antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Moreover the effect of silver nanoparticle against Red Blood Cells belonging to 'O' positive blood group were tested and does not cause higher hemolysis to the cells even at the highest concentration. Based on these finding, we strongly suggested that face centered cubic structured A. reticulata AgNPs is an eco-friendly and potent bio-medical agent and can be apply in wide range of application an alternative chemically synthesized metal nanoparticle.