A bibliometric analysis and literature review on emotional skills.

The content, management, and implementation of social skills have been developed since the end of the 20th century as a model of capabilities. Thus, as human beings develop and train their basic cognitive and perceptual-motor functions, they increase their ability to solve and cope with difficulties. This article aims to present a bibliometric and systematic review of social skills, using query sources in databases such as Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus between the years 2000 and 2022, with platforms such as Bibliometrix and Gephi. This search yielded a total of 233 records in WoS and 250 records in Scopus that were merged and, after eliminating 143 duplicate data, were consolidated into 340 records that enclose the academic production of 20 years. Through scientific mapping, the main authors, journals, and countries in this field were determined; similarly, the most relevant studies were classified into three categories, namely, classic, structural, and perspectives, which were represented by means of the metaphor of the tree of science. In addition, a program for further studies was planned, such as in-depth qualitative research measuring observationally and directly taking into account emotional expressiveness, emotional understanding, emotion regulation, and behavior, and the impact of social skills training on social problem-solving. Finally, another important aspect to mention is that this research work is useful for the scientific academic community in many areas of knowledge such as psychology, education, and managers of educational institutions.

Introducción de pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal en Colombia: análisis cualitativo / Introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care in Colombia: qualitative analysis

Objetivo. Interpretar la percepción de profesionales sanitarios de Colombia sobre las barreras y los facilitadores para la introducción de las pruebas rápidas para sífilis y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en los servicios de control prenatal. Métodos. Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de 37 participantes, que incluyó profesionales sanitarios vinculados a servicios de control prenatal, programas para gestantes, laboratorios clínicos y directores de unidades o centros asistenciales, así como representantes de las direcciones territoriales y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados. En Colombia no hay un uso generalizado del tamizaje con pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal. Los entrevistados manifestaron no tener experiencia previa en el uso de pruebas rápidas —excepto el personal de laboratorio— y sobre el curso de acción ante un resultado positivo. El sistema de aseguramiento de salud dificulta el acceso al diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportunos. Las autoridades de salud perciben como necesaria la revisión de la normativa existente, a fin de fortalecer el primer nivel de atención y promover el control prenatal integral. Los participantes recomendaron la capacitación del personal y la integración entre instancias de formulación de políticas de salud y académicas para actualizar los currículos de formación. Conclusiones. El enfoque de mercado y las características del sistema de salud colombiano constituyen la principal barrera para la implementación de las pruebas rápidas como estrategia para la eliminación de la transmisión materno-infantil de sífilis y VIH. Entre las medidas identificadas están: realizar cambios en la contratación entre las aseguradoras y las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, adecuar los tiempos y la organización de los procedimientos de atención, y capacitar al personal médico y de enfermería vinculado al control prenatal en la interpretación y acción con pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH.

Objective. Interpret perceptions of Colombian health professionals concerning factors that obstruct and facilitate the introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care services. Methods. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was carried out. A convenience sample was selected with 37 participants, who included health professionals involved in prenatal care services, programs for pregnant women, clinical laboratories, and directors of health care units or centers, as well as representatives from regional departments and the Ministry of Health. Results. Colombia does not do widespread screening with rapid syphilis and HIV tests in prenatal care. The professionals interviewed stated they did not have prior experience in the use of rapid tests—except for laboratory staff—or in the course of action in response to a positive result. The insurance system hinders access to timely diagnosis and treatment. Health authorities perceive a need to review existing standards, strengthen the first level of care, and promote comprehensive prenatal care starting with contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers. Participants recommended staff training and integration between health-policymaking and academic entities for updating training programs. Conclusions. The market approach and the characteristics of the Colombian health system constitute the main barriers to implementation of rapid testing as a strategy for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and HIV. Measures identified include making changes in contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers, adapting the timing and duration of prenatal care procedures, and training physicians and nurses involved in prenatal care.

Introducción de pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal en Colombia: análisis cualitativo / Introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care in Colombia: qualitative analysis

RESUMEN Objetivo Interpretar la percepción de profesionales sanitarios de Colombia sobre las barreras y los facilitadores para la introducción de las pruebas rápidas para sífilis y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en los servicios de control prenatal. Métodos Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de 37 participantes, que incluyó profesionales sanitarios vinculados a servicios de control prenatal, programas para gestantes, laboratorios clínicos y directores de unidades o centros asistenciales, así como representantes de las direcciones territoriales y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados En Colombia no hay un uso generalizado del tamizaje con pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal. Los entrevistados manifestaron no tener experiencia previa en el uso de pruebas rápidas —excepto el personal de laboratorio— y sobre el curso de acción ante un resultado positivo. El sistema de aseguramiento de salud dificulta el acceso al diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportunos. Las autoridades de salud perciben como necesaria la revisión de la normativa existente, a fin de fortalecer el primer nivel de atención y promover el control prenatal integral. Los participantes recomendaron la capacitación del personal y la integración entre instancias de formulación de políticas de salud y académicas para actualizar los currículos de formación. Conclusiones El enfoque de mercado y las características del sistema de salud colombiano constituyen la principal barrera para la implementación de las pruebas rápidas como estrategia para la eliminación de la transmisión materno-infantil de sífilis y VIH. Entre las medidas identificadas están: realizar cambios en la contratación entre las aseguradoras y las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, adecuar los tiempos y la organización de los procedimientos de atención, y capacitar al personal médico y de enfermería vinculado al control prenatal en la interpretación y acción con pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH.

ABSTRACT Objective Interpret perceptions of Colombian health professionals concerning factors that obstruct and facilitate the introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care services. Methods A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was carried out. A convenience sample was selected with 37 participants, who included health professionals involved in prenatal care services, programs for pregnant women, clinical laboratories, and directors of health care units or centers, as well as representatives from regional departments and the Ministry of Health. Results Colombia does not do widespread screening with rapid syphilis and HIV tests in prenatal care. The professionals interviewed stated they did not have prior experience in the use of rapid tests—except for laboratory staff—or in the course of action in response to a positive result. The insurance system hinders access to timely diagnosis and treatment. Health authorities perceive a need to review existing standards, strengthen the first level of care, and promote comprehensive prenatal care starting with contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers. Participants recommended staff training and integration between health-policymaking and academic entities for updating training programs. Conclusions The market approach and the characteristics of the Colombian health system constitute the main barriers to implementation of rapid testing as a strategy for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and HIV. Measures identified include making changes in contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers, adapting the timing and duration of prenatal care procedures, and training physicians and nurses involved in prenatal care.

[Introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care in Colombia: qualitative analysis]. / Introducción de pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal en Colombia: análisis cualitativo.

OBJECTIVE: Interpret perceptions of Colombian health professionals concerning factors that obstruct and facilitate the introduction of rapid syphilis and HIV testing in prenatal care services. METHODS: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was carried out. A convenience sample was selected with 37 participants, who included health professionals involved in prenatal care services, programs for pregnant women, clinical laboratories, and directors of health care units or centers, as well as representatives from regional departments and the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Colombia does not do widespread screening with rapid syphilis and HIV tests in prenatal care. The professionals interviewed stated they did not have prior experience in the use of rapid tests-except for laboratory staff-or in the course of action in response to a positive result. The insurance system hinders access to timely diagnosis and treatment. Health authorities perceive a need to review existing standards, strengthen the first level of care, and promote comprehensive prenatal care starting with contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers. Participants recommended staff training and integration between health-policymaking and academic entities for updating training programs. CONCLUSIONS: The market approach and the characteristics of the Colombian health system constitute the main barriers to implementation of rapid testing as a strategy for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and HIV. Measures identified include making changes in contracts between insurers and health service institutional providers, adapting the timing and duration of prenatal care procedures, and training physicians and nurses involved in prenatal care.