Influence of methods of joint inspection during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy on the radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of methods of joint inspection during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (191) treated with TPLO (199). METHODS: Data collected from medical records included signalment, weight, duration of anesthesia and surgery, preoperative and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), cranial cruciate ligament status, meniscal status, and meniscal treatment. Method of joint inspection was recorded as (1) arthroscopy (AR), (2) craniomedial parapatellar arthrotomy (CrMA), or (3) caudomedial arthrotomy (CdMA). The radiographic thickness of the patellar tendon (PTT) was measured preoperatively and at 8-12 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic signs of patellar tendonitis were graded as 0-2 on the basis of the severity of changes. RESULTS: Thirty-nine dogs (41 stifles) underwent AR, 86 dogs (87 stifles) underwent CrMA, and 70 dogs (71 stifles) underwent CdMA. Durations of surgery (P < .001) and anesthesia (P < .001) were longer when joints were inspected by AR than by arthrotomies. PTT was greater after AR than after CrMA (P = .004) and CdMA (P < .001). The proportion of dogs with grade 1 or grade 2 PTT was greater after AR (78.04%) than after CrMA (52.87%, P = .0065) and CdMA (28.17%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The PTT was thicker 8-12 weeks after TPLO when stifles were inspected arthroscopically rather than via arthrotomies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The method of stifle exploration during TPLO influences the postoperative radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon and may contribute to patellar tendinopathy.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the canine abdomen: effect of pulse sequence on diagnostic quality.

Motion artifact is an important limiting factor for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in veterinary patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pulse sequence on abdominal MRI diagnostic quality in dogs. Ten normal dogs were each scanned using 16 MRI pulse sequences. Sequences included breath-holding sequences, respiratory navigation sequences, and traditional spin-echo sequences. Four observers independently scored diagnostic quality for each sequence based on the appearance of specific organs, overall diagnostic quality, and degree of artifactual interference. Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were also calculated for each sequence. The sequence with the highest overall mean diagnostic quality score was the dorsal T2 turbo spin echo (TSE) with fat saturation and breath-holding. The sequence with the lowest mean diagnostic quality score was the dorsal T2 fast spin echo. The sequence with the highest signal-to-noise ratio for all evaluated organs was the sagittal T1 spin echo. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios did not correlate with subjective assessment of overall diagnostic quality for the majority of the sequences evaluated (P < 0.05). The three sequences considered to have the highest diagnostic quality for the cranial abdomen were the dorsal T2 TSE with fat saturation and breath-hold, transverse T1 turbo fast low-angle shot gradient echo with breath-hold, and dorsal T2 half-Fourier acquisition single shot TSE with respiratory navigation. These sequences had short acquisition times, yielded studies of similar diagnostic quality, provided complementary information, and are therefore recommended for routine canine abdominal MRI protocols.