Efectividad de la terapia asistida con animales en pacientes con demencias, una revisión sistemática / Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy in patients with dementia: A systematic review

Objetivo: Sintetizar la efectividad presentada por estudios originales previos de la terapia asistida con animales en la sintomatología de personas con demencia. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos PUBMED, DIALNET, PEDro y CSIC con el fin de captar todos aquellos ensayos clínicos publicados entre 2003 y 2015 en inglés y español. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron la combinación de las palabras clave: «dog therapy, dementia, pet therapy, mental illnes, animal assisted, ederly patients, animal assisted therapy, terapia asistida con animales, demencia, Alzheimer». Se seleccionaron 3 registros de los 157 localizados tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: La terapia más utilizada a la hora de llevar a cabo terapia asistida con animales en demencia es la canina. Esta terapia produce una mejora en el comportamiento, estado de ánimo, calidad de vida, actividades de la vida diaria y en el estrés mental de personas que padecen demencia

Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on the symptoms of dementia as shown in previous studies. Material and methods: A search strategy was developed using the PUBMED, DIALNET, PEDro and CSIC databases to capture all clinical trials published between 2003 and 2015 in English and Spanish. Search terms included the combination of the keywords: 'dog therapy, dementia, pet therapy, mental illness, animal assisted, elderly patients, animal assisted therapy, animal assisted therapy, dementia, Alzheimer's.' Three records were selected from the 157 located after applying the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The dog is the most commonly used in animal-assisted therapy in dementia. This therapy produces an improvement in behaviour, mood, quality of life, activities of daily living, and mental stress of people with dementia

Beneficios de la musicoterapia en las alteraciones conductuales de la demencia. Revisión sistemática / Benefits of music therapy on behaviour disorders in subjects diagnosed with dementia: a systematic review

Introducción. La demencia se caracteriza por un deterioro cognitivo y por la aparición de síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, entre los que destacan las alteraciones de percepción, del contenido del pensamiento, estado de ánimo y de conducta. Para tratar estos síntomas, además del tratamiento farmacológico, se utilizan intervenciones no farmacológicas, entre ellas la musicoterapia. Esta técnica novedosa, por sus características no verbales, puede ser usada en todas las fases del tratamiento de las personas con demencia ya que, aunque haya un gran deterioro cognitivo, las respuestas ante la música se mantienen hasta los estadios más avanzados de la enfermedad. Desarrollo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica con un intervalo temporal entre 2003 y 2013 en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron la combinación de las palabras claves «music therapy, dementia, behaviour, behavioural disorders y behavioural disturbances». Se seleccionaron 11 registros de los 2188 localizados tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con musicoterapia es beneficioso para mejorar las alteraciones conductuales, la ansiedad y la agitación en pacientes con demencia (AU)

Introduction. Dementia is characterised by cognitive deterioration and the manifestation of psychological and behavioural symptoms, especially changes in perception, thought content, mood, and conduct. In addition to drug therapy, non-pharmacological treatments are used to manage these symptoms, and one of these latter treatments is music therapy. Since this novel technique in non-verbal, it can be used to treat patients with dementia at any stage, even when cognitive deterioration is very severe. Patients’ responses to music are conserved even in the most advanced stages of the disease Development. A literature research was carried out using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. The period of publication was 2003 to 2013 and the search keywords were «Music Therapy, Dementia, Behaviour, Behaviour Disorders y Behavioural Disturbances». Out of the 2188 studies that were identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Conclusions. Music therapy is beneficial and improves behavior disorders, anxiety and agitation in subjects diagnosed with dementia (AU)

Benefits of music therapy on behaviour disorders in subjects diagnosed with dementia: a systematic review. / Beneficios de la musicoterapia en las alteraciones conductuales de la demencia. Revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is characterised by cognitive deterioration and the manifestation of psychological and behavioural symptoms, especially changes in perception, thought content, mood, and conduct. In addition to drug therapy, non-pharmacological treatments are used to manage these symptoms, and one of these latter treatments is music therapy. Since this novel technique in non-verbal, it can be used to treat patients with dementia at any stage, even when cognitive deterioration is very severe. Patients' responses to music are conserved even in the most advanced stages of the disease DEVELOPMENT: A literature research was carried out using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. The period of publication was 2003 to 2013 and the search keywords were 'Music Therapy, Dementia, Behaviour, Behaviour Disorders y Behavioural Disturbances'. Out of the 2188 studies that were identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy is beneficial and improves behavior disorders, anxiety and agitation in subjects diagnosed with dementia.

Eficacia de la estimulación eléctrica transcutánea en la neuralgia del trigémino / Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in trigeminal neuralgia

Objetivo. Conocer si en la literatura publicada existe evidencia sobre la efectividad de la estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS) como tratamiento de la sintomatología en la neuralgia del trigémino. Estrategia de búsqueda y selección de estudios. Se identificaron 221 publicaciones mediante búsqueda electrónica en varias bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos en inglés o español publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta mayo del 2014, ensayos controlados y casos clínicos. Como criterio de exclusión se estableció: estudios que aborden la neuralgia del trigémino con fisioterapia que no sea con TENS, y aquellos que no se correspondan con la tipología de estudios incluidos. Síntesis de resultados. Se incluyeron 2 estudios en la revisión. Conclusiones. Parece ser que la utilización de esta técnica mejora el dolor y el estado funcional en estos paciente. Son necesarios un mayor número de estudios para determinar la eficacia de los TENS en la neuralgia del trigémino (AU)

Objective. To determine whether there is published evidence on the clinical effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) as a treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Search strategy and study selection. We identified 221 publications by searching several electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were English or Spanish articles published from January 2000 to May 2014, controlled trials, and case reports. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies addressing trigeminal neuralgia with physical therapy other than TENS, and those that did not correspond to the type of studies included. Results. We included 2 2 studies in the review. Conclusions. It seems that the use of this technique improves pain and functional status in these patients. It takes a greater number of studies to determine the efficacy of TENS in trigeminal neuralgia (AU)

Revisión sistemática sobre los efectos del vendaje funcional en el síndrome de dolor femoropatelar / A systematic review on the effects of patellar taping on patellofemoral pain syndrome

Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de evidencia y los grados de recomendación en relación con el vendaje funcional y su eficacia sobre el síndrome de dolor femoropatelar (SDFP). Búsqueda y selección de estudios: Búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Dialnet y CSIC de los ensayos clínicos realizados en humanos, publicados en español e inglés entre 2000 y 2014. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron la combinación de las palabras clave «síndrome de dolor femoropatelar», «vendaje funcional», y «fisioterapia». Resultados: De los 263 artículos localizados, 15 estudios se seleccionaron tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios analizados mostraron beneficios clínicos respecto a la reducción del dolor después del tratamiento con vendaje funcional. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el vendaje funcional resulta efectivo en el tratamiento del dolor del SDFP pero son necesarias más investigaciones para confirmar sus beneficios sobre la actividad muscular y la propiocepción

Objective: To know the level of evidence and degrees of recommendation regarding functional taping and its effectiveness in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Search strategy: A search in the literature was done in the scientific databases PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Dialnet and CSIC of clinical trials published between 2000 and 2014 with human participants written in English or Spanish. The search terms were patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellar tape, athletic tape, rehabilitation, physical therapy and physiotherapy. Results: Fifteen out of the 263 studies found were included based on the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies analyzed showed clinical benefits regarding pain reduction after treatment with functional taping. Conclusions: The results indicate that functional taping is effective in the treatment of PFPS pain, however more research is needed to confirm its benefits on muscular activity and proprioception

[Recovery from total knee arthroplasty through continuous passive motion]. / Recuperación de la artroplastia de rodilla a través de la movilización pasiva continua.

The purpose of this study was to know the effects of continuous passive mobilization in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. A search strategy was developed to retrieve all clinical trials, written in English and/or Spanish, published in the electronic search databases PubMed, Cochrane Library Plus, Dialnet, CSIC and PEDro. The inclusion criteria were: clinical trials published from January 2000 until November 2014 in English or Spanish. Out of 537 clinical trials that were potentially relevant, a total of 12 were included in this review. The evaluation of 1,153 patients shows that there is no significant difference in improving the range of the joint, pain, balance, motion, healing and hospital stay using continuous passive mobilization against the regular physiotherapy treatment for total knee arthroplasty. The application of continuous passive mobilization in the long-term does not provide any benefit in terms of the breadth of the range of the joint, pain and improvement of standing and motion in comparison with conventional postoperative physiotherapy treatment in total knee arthroplasty. In the short term an improvement is obtained in the range of joint motion in knee flexion.

Recuperación de la artroplastia de rodilla a través de la movilización pasiva continua / Recovery from total knee arthroplasty through continuous passive motion

El propósito de este estudio es conocer los efectos de la movilización pasiva continua en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla. Se desarrolló una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos CSIC, PubMed, Cochrane Library Plus, Dialnet y PEDro con el fin de captar todos aquellos ensayos clínicos, en inglés y español, indexados de enero del 2000 a noviembre del 2014. Se identificaron 537 publicaciones, pero se incluyeron 12 estudios en esta revisión. La valoración de 1.153 pacientes demuestra que no existe una diferencia significativa en la mejora de la amplitud articular, dolor, equilibrio, marcha, cicatrización y estancia hospitalaria utilizando la movilización pasiva continua frente al tratamiento de fisioterapia habitual para la artroplastia total de rodilla. La aplicación de la movilización pasiva continua, a largo plazo, no aporta ningún beneficio en cuanto a la amplitud del rango articular, dolor y mejora de bipedestación y marcha en comparación con el tratamiento convencional de fisioterapia postoperatorio en la artroplastia total de rodilla. A corto plazo se consigue una mejora del rango de movilidad articular a la flexión de la rodilla (AU)

The purpose of this study was to know the effects of continuous passive mobilization in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. A search strategy was developed to retrieve all clinical trials, written in English and/or Spanish, published in the electronic search databases PubMed, Cochrane Library Plus, Dialnet, CSIC and PEDro. The inclusion criteria were: clinical trials published from January 2000 until November 2014 in English or Spanish. Out of 537 clinical trials that were potentially relevant, a total of 12 were included in this review. The evaluation of 1,153 patients shows that there is no significant difference in improving the range of the joint, pain, balance, motion, healing and hospital stay using continuous passive mobilization against the regular physiotherapy treatment for total knee arthroplasty. The application of continuous passive mobilization in the long-term does not provide any benefit in terms of the breadth of the range of the joint, pain and improvement of standing and motion in comparison with conventional postoperative physiotherapy treatment in total knee arthroplasty. In the short term an improvement is obtained in the range of joint motion in knee flexion (AU)

Incidencia y distribución del género Armillaria en viñedos de las cinco denominaciones de origen de vino de Galicia (noroeste de España) / Incidence and distribution of the genus Armillaria in vineyards of the five protected designation of origin wines in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)

Antecedentes: el género Armillaria, y más concretamente la especie Armillaria mellea, constituye un problema muy importante en el sector vitivinícola de Galicia, lo que ha ocasionado importantes reducciones del rendimiento de los viñedos en los últimos 15 años. Este hongo ataca al sistema radicular, causando un descenso del vigor y, finalmente, la muerte de la planta. Hasta la fecha, no se conoce ningún método químico o biológico que resulte efectivo contra el patógeno una vez que ha entrado en la planta. Objetivos: el objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue conocer la incidencia y distribución del género Armillaria mediante técnicas moleculares en las distintas zonas de cultivo de vid en Galicia, abarcando las cinco denominaciones de origen (DO) vitivinícolas gallegas (Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras y Monterrei). Métodos: se analizaron 624 muestras (483 de suelo y 141 de plantas de vid sintomáticas) mediante nested-PCR/RFLP, PCR-RFLP y análisis filogenéticos. Resultados: Armillaria mellea está ampliamente distribuida en viñedos de las cinco DO, con mayor incidencia en la DO del Ribeiro. Conclusiones: es necesario establecer medidas para reducir el avance de la podredumbre radicular causada por Armillaria mellea en las cinco DO de Galicia

Blackground: the genus Armillaria, specifically Armillaria mellea, is an important phytopathological problem in the wine sector in Galicia (NW Spain), having caused yield reductions in vineyards for the last 15 years. The fungus attacks the root system, resulting in a decrease in vigour, and eventually in the death of the plant. Up to now, there is no chemical or biological method really effective against the pathogen once it has infected the plant. Aims: the main objective of this work was to study the incidence and distribution of the genus Armillaria across the five Galician protected designation of origin (DO) wines (namely Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras and Monterrei) through the application of molecular techniques. Methods: a total of 624 samples (483 soils and 141 symptomatic vines) were analyzed by nested-PCR/RFLP, PCR-RFLP and phylogeny. Results: Armillaria mellea is widely distributed in vineyards of the five DO wines, with the highest incidence in the Ribeiro DO. Conclusions: preventive control measures against Armillaria mellea must be established in the five DO wines of Galicia, in order to reduce the advance of white root rot

Detection and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum in kiwifruit in Spain.

AIMS: Bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is currently the major threat to its commercial production worldwide. In 2011, the most virulent type (Psa3) was detected for the first time in Northwest-Spain, in the province of Pontevedra. In 2013 surveys, leaves and flower buds with mild symptoms were observed in Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' vines in an orchard at the province of A Coruña, suggesting the presence of P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Psaf). METHODS AND RESULTS: Isolates obtained from such orchard were characterized by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests, fatty acids (FA) profile and molecular tests (PCR, BOX-PCR, duplex PCR, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, PCR-C, phytotoxins, housekeeping and effector genes). Pathogenicity tests were also carried out on plants and fruits of A. deliciosa 'Hayward' and on different cultivated plants and fruits. Results demonstrated the presence of P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: The work provides new information on the pathovar P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum, which has only been found previously in New Zealand, Australia and France. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The results are relevant for taxonomy of isolates of P. syringae from kiwifruit, especially those of low virulence not belonging to pathovar actinidiae.

[Incidence and distribution of the genus Armillaria in vineyards of the five protected designation of origin wines in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)]. / Incidencia y distribución del género Armillaria en viñedos de las cinco denominaciones de origen de vino de Galicia (noroeste de España).

BLACKGROUND: The genus Armillaria, specifically Armillaria mellea, is an important phytopathological problem in the wine sector in Galicia (NW Spain), having caused yield reductions in vineyards for the last 15 years. The fungus attacks the root system, resulting in a decrease in vigour, and eventually in the death of the plant. Up to now, there is no chemical or biological method really effective against the pathogen once it has infected the plant. AIMS: The main objective of this work was to study the incidence and distribution of the genus Armillaria across the five Galician protected designation of origin (DO) wines (namely Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras and Monterrei) through the application of molecular techniques. METHODS: A total of 624 samples (483 soils and 141 symptomatic vines) were analyzed by nested-PCR/RFLP, PCR-RFLP and phylogeny. RESULTS: Armillaria mellea is widely distributed in vineyards of the five DO wines, with the highest incidence in the Ribeiro DO. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive control measures against Armillaria mellea must be established in the five DO wines of Galicia, in order to reduce the advance of white root rot.

Eficacia del entrenamiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico en incontinencia urinaria femenina / Efficacy of training pelvic floor musculature in female urinary incontinence

Se define incontinencia urinaria «como la pérdida involuntaria de orina, que condiciona un problema social e higiénico». Existen gran variedad de técnicas para el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria. El objetivo es conocer la efectividad clínica de los diversos métodos utilizados para el entrenamiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico como tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria femenina de esfuerzo o mixta y su contribución a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estas pacientes. Para ello hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados. Tras analizar los resultados podemos concluir que el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo o mixta mediante ejercicios de entrenamiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico contribuye de manera positiva a mejorar los síntomas, la fuerza de la musculatura del suelo pélvico y la calidad de vida de las pacientes afectas (AU)

Urinary incontinence «as the involuntary loss of urine, which conditions a social and hygienic problem» is defined. There are a variety of techniques for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The aim is to determine the clinical effectiveness of different methods used to train the musculature of the pelvic floor as treatment for female urinary incontinence, both stress and mixed, and its contribution to improving the quality of life of these patients. For this purpose we performed a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. After analysing the results, we conclude that the treatment of stress or mixed urinary incontinence through training exercises for the musculature of the pelvic floor contributes positively to improving symptoms and strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and to the quality of life of affected patients (AU)

Eficacia de las ondas de choque como método de tratamiento en espolón calcáneo / Effectiveness of shock wave as a method of heel spur treatment

Objetivo: Conocer la efectividad clínica de las ondas de choque como tratamiento del espolón calcáneo y analizar la calidad metodológica de los artículos. Búsqueda y selección de estudios: Se identificaron 78 publicaciones mediante búsqueda electrónica en bases de datos MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus, PEDro y CSIC. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos en inglés o español publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta enero del 2013, ensayos controlados y clínicos. Como criterio de exclusión se estableció: estudios que aborden el espolón calcáneo desde otro punto de vista y fisioterapia que no sea ondas de choque. Resultados: Se incluyeron 5estudios en la revisión. Dos de ellos con calidad metodológica de 5 y 6 (escala PEDro). Los otros 3 no pudieron ser valorados por carecer de grupo control. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la revisión indican que la utilización de esta técnica mejora el dolor en pacientes con espolón calcáneo. Es necesario un mayor número de estudios para determinar la eficacia de las ondas de choque en el espolón calcáneo

Objective: To know the clinical effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave treatment as treatment of the heel spur and analyze the methodological quality of the articles. Study search and selection strategy: 78 publications were identified by electronic search in the databases MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus and PEDro and CSIC. Inclusion criteria were articles published from January 2000 to January 2013, controlled and clinical trials. Exclusion criteria were articles that studied heel spur from another point of view and in which the physiotherapy used was not shockwave. Results: Five studies were included in the review. Two of them had a methodological quality of 5 and 6 (PEDro scale). The other three could not be evaluated because they lacked a control group. Conclusions: The results of the review suggest that the use of extracorporeal shockwave treatment can improve pain and functional status in patients with heel spur. More studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of the extracorporeal shockwave treatment on the heel spur

[Efficacy of training pelvic floor musculature in female urinary incontinence]. / Eficacia del entrenamiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico en incontinencia urinaria femenina.

Urinary incontinence "as the involuntary loss of urine, which conditions a social and hygienic problem" is defined. There are a variety of techniques for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Our goal is to determine the clinical effectiveness of different methods used to train the musculature of the pelvic floor as treatment for female urinary incontinence, both stress and mixed, and its contribution to improving the quality of life of these patients. For this purpose we performed a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. After analysing the results, we conclude that the treatment of stress or mixed urinary incontinence through training exercises for the musculature of the pelvic floor contributes positively to improving symptoms and strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and to the quality of life of affected patients.

Resultados del Programa Nacional de Implantes Cocleares: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau / Results of the National Cochlear Implant Program: ENT Department Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital

Introducción: La hipoacusia sensorioneural bilateral profunda es la tercera causa de discapacidad en Chile, con una incidencia de entre 1 a 3 casos por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos, siendo muchos casos susceptibles de ser tratados mediante implante coclear. Objetivo: Describir resultados de la cohorte de pacientes implantados en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. Material y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se reportan los resultados de la totalidad de pacientes implantados en el período 2003-2011. Resultados: Fueron implantados 80pacientes. La mediana de edad de implantación fue 48 meses. Treinta y siete (46,25%) pacientes fueron mujeres, 7 (8,75%) fueron prematuros, y 14 (17,5%) tenían el antecedente de meningitis bacteriana. Sesenta y ocho (85%) fueron diagnósticos prelinguales, 9 (11,25%) poslinguales, y 3 (3,75%) perilinguales. El PTP promedio prequirúrgico fue 111,82 dB, y el posquirúrgico con implante 25,36 dB (p <0,0001). Respecto a integración, el 100% de los pacientes poslinguales, el 67,7% de los prelinguales, y el 100% de los perilinguales se encuentran integrados a sus actividades. Se ha observado el 5% de complicaciones: una parálisis facial, un hematoma infectado y dos alergias a cera de hueso. Conclusión: Los resultados de este programa son altamente satisfactorios. Todos los pacientes se encuentran en seguimiento hasta la fecha con una buena adherencia terapéutica y rehabilitación. La evaluación de este programa permite plantear que debería ampliarse.

Introduction: Profound bilateral sensorioneural hearing loss is the third leading cause of disability in Chile, with an incidence of 1 to 3 cases for every 1.000 born, which may be managed with cochlear implants. Aim: Describe results of the cohort of patients implanted at Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital. Material and method: Retrospective cohort study. We report the results of all patients implanted in the period from 2003 to 2011. Results: 80 patients were implanted. The median age at implantation was 48 months. 37 (46.25%) patients were female, 7 (8.75%) were premature, and 14 (17.5%) had a history of bacterial meningitis. 68 (85%) were prelingual diagnosed, 9 (11.25%) post-lingual, and 3 (3.75%) perilinguals. The average preoperative PTP was 111.82 dB, and postoperative was 25.36 dB (p <0.0001). Regarding integration, 100% of postlingual patients, 67.7% of prelingual, and 100% of perilinguales are fully integrated into their activities. There have been 5% complications: one facial paralysis, one infected hematoma, and two bone wax allergies. Conclusion: The results of this program are highly satisfactory. All patients are up to date with good adherence and rehabilitation. The evaluation of this program allows us to suggest that should be expanded.

Eficacia de la hipertermia como tratamiento en las tendinopatías / The effectiveness of hyperthermia as treatment in tendinopathies

Objetivo. Conocer en función de los estudios publicados recientemente, la efectividad clínica de la hipertermia como el tratamiento de las tendinopatías, y analizar la calidad metodológica de los artículos. Búsqueda y selección de estudios. Se identificaron 38 publicaciones mediante búsqueda electrónica en bases de datos MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus, PEDro, CSIC y CINAHL. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos en inglés o español publicados desde enero del 2002 hasta enero del 2012, ensayos controlados y casos clínicos. Como criterio de exclusión se estableció: estudios que aborden la tendinopatía desde otro punto de vista: fisioterapia que no sea la diatermia profunda, y aquellos que no se correspondan con la tipología de estudios incluidos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 3 estudios en la revisión. La calidad metodológica media de los estudios incluidos fue de 8,6 puntos (escala PEDro). Conclusiones. Parece ser que la utilización de esta técnica mejora el dolor y el estado funcional en estos paciente. Son necesarios un mayor número de estudios para determinar la eficacia de la hipertermia en las tendinopatías(AU)

Objective. To evaluate, based on the recently published studies, the clinical effectiveness of hyperthermia as treatment of tendinopathies and to analyze the methodological quality of the articles. Study search and selection strategy. A total of 38 publications were identified by electronic search in the following databases: MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus and PEDro, CSIC and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria were: articles published from January 2002 to January 2012, controlled trails and clinical cases. Exclusion criteria were articles studying tendinopathy from another approach: i.e. physiotherapy other than deep diathermy, and those that did not correspond to the typology of studies included. Results. Three articles were included in this review. Mean methodological quality of the studies included was 8.6 points on the PeDro scale. Conclusions. It seems that using the hyperthermia technique improves pain and functional status in these patients. More studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of hyperthermia on tendinopathies(AU)

Escalas utilizadas para valorar el dolor en niños de 0-24 meses tras una intervención quirúrgica menor. Instrumentos de ayuda para la valoración en fisioterapia / Scales used to evaluate pain in infants aged 0-24 months after minor surgery. Instruments for help in physiotherapy evaluation

ObjetivoConocer, con base en los estudios publicados recientemente, el tipo de escalas que están siendo utilizadas para evaluar el dolor en niños.Búsqueda y selección de estudiosSe identificaron 75 publicaciones mediante la búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos MEDLINE, ISI of Knowledge, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus y PEDro. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos en inglés o español publicados desde enero de 1995 hasta enero de 2012 que incluían escalas para evaluar el dolor de sujetos de hasta 24 meses de edad después de una intervención quirúrgica menor. Como criterio de exclusión se establecieron estudios que hacían referencia a sujetos con edades no comprendidas en el intervalo de edad estudiado.ResultadosSe incluyeron 4 estudios en la revisión con calidad metodológica variable y heterogeneidad en el tamaño de la muestra. Sus autores utilizan distintas escalas observacionales que muestran datos positivos con respecto a la detección del dolor.ConclusionesEs necesario un mayor número de estudios para determinar las escalas más utilizadas en la valoración del dolor en niños de hasta 24 meses de edad tras una intervención quirúrgica menor. Parece ser que la utilización de escalas observacionales puede detectar el dolor en esta tipología de pacientes(AU)

ObjectiveTo know, based on the most recent studies published, the scales that are being used to evaluate pain in infants.Search and study selectionSeventy-five publications were identified by electronic search using the databases MEDLINE, ISI of Knowledge, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus and PEDro. Inclusion criteria were articles published from January 1995 to January 2012 in English or Spanish that included scales to assess pain after minor surgery in infants of 0-24 months. Exclusion criteria established were articles on any other type of patients not included in the established age range.ResultsFour articles with variable methodological quality and sample size heterogeneity were included. Their authors used different observational scales that show positive data for pain detection.ConclusionsMore studies are needed to determine the scales used most in the evaluation of pain in infants from 0 to 24 months after minor surgery. It seems that the use of observational scales may detect pain in this type of patients (AU)

Optimization of expanded donors using dual kidney transplantation: case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Cadaveric donation is now experiencing a trend toward the use of expanded criteria donors (ECD) who may not yield a suitable kidney for single organ transplantation which has occasionally led to their use as dual renal transplantations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We undertook a case-control study to analyze our experiences between May 2007 and March 2011 with 80 kidneys from ECD who were older than 65 years. Of these, 40 were used as single transplants (STX) and the other 40 as dual cases (DTX). Criteria to determine STX versus DTX were established by biopsy results and other donor factors. RESULTS: The mean age of the ECD for STX was 68.7 ± 3.0 years and for DTX, 74.2 ± 4.3 years (P < .001), with more women among DTX (75%) versus STX (40%; P < .001). The DTX kidneys showed higher biopsy scores than the STX organs. DTX were older than STX recipients, but there were no differences in cold ischemia time, delayed graft function, hemorrhagic complications or reinterventions. DTX recipients achieved better CrCl at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, although only significantly so at 6 months (53.4 ± 19.5 Ml/min versus 44.5 ± 15.6 mL/min; P < .05). Death-censored graft survival was 90% at 3 years for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: DTX offered good results for graft survival and renal function, despite the more complicated surgery and worse quality of the allografts. DTX allowed the use of ECD kidneys that showed less satisfactory histologic and donor characteristics.

¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the triacylglyceride composition of cold-pressed oil from Camellia japonica.

Camellia japonica (CJ) has oil-rich seeds, but the study of these oils has received little attention and has mainly focused only on their health properties. In the present work the relative composition of the fatty acid (FA) components of the triglycerides in cold-pressed oil from CJ is studied by ¹H-NMR. The results obtained were: 75.75%, 6.0%, 0.17% and 18.67%, for oleic, linoleic, linolenic and saturated FA respectively. Levels of C18 unsaturated FA found in CJ oil were similar to those reported for olive oils. We also checked the possibility of using ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy; however, the results confirmed the drawback of ¹³C over ¹H-NMR for the study of FA components of CJ triglycerides due to its low gyromagnetic ratio and its very low natural abundance.

What research participants want to know about genetic research results: the impact of "genetic exceptionalism".

The disclosure of individual genetic results has generated an ongoing debate about which rules should be followed. We aimed to identify factors related to research participants' preferences about learning the results of genomic studies using their donated tissue samples. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 279 patients from the United States and Spain who had volunteered to donate a sample for genomic research. Our results show that 48% of research participants would like to be informed about all individual results from future genomic studies using their donated tissue, especially those from the U.S. (71.4%) and those believing that genetic information poses special risks (69.7%). In addition, 16% of research participants considered genetic information to be riskier than other types of personal medical data. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a high proportion of participants prefer to be informed about their individual results and that there is a higher preference among those research subjects who perceive their genetic information as riskier than other types of personal medical data.

Detection of Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus, Causal Agent of Pine Wilt Disease on Pinus pinaster in Northwestern Spain.

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, a quarantine organism, causes serious damage to pines worldwide. In Europe, it was first detected in Portugal in 1999 (3) and the pathogen was thought to be restricted to this area. However, in 2008, B. xylophilus was isolated from a single tree in the Cáceres Region (Extremadura) of Spain, bordering Portugal (2). The region of Galicia has approximately 383,632 ha of Pinus pinaster Aiton that constitutes more than 40% of the surface of Spain. Since 1999, we have analyzed 5,155 samples to monitor the presence of the pathogen. In 2008, a Spanish national contingency plan established three delimiting sampling areas, including a high risk area 20 km from the border with Portugal (2 × 2 km grid), a medium risk area 80 km wide (4 × 4), and another area covering the whole region (8 × 8). The plan required collecting samples from symptomatic trees. In 2010, in the high risk area, 307 sites were surveyed in coniferous forests. At each site, wood chip samples were collected from five pine trees. The collected wood chips were then incubated for 15 days in the lab and nematodes were extracted by Baermann's funnel method. B. xylophilus was detected from a decayed mass of P. pinaster from the As Neves Municipality (Pontevedra, Galicia). Affected specimens showed typical symptoms associated with pine wilt, including needle discoloration and death of branches. B. xylophilus was identified by morphological and molecular methods. Morphological characteristics included high lips, constricted heads, and short stylets with reduced basal knobs. Females had rounded tails, some with a short mucro, and flat vulva, while males had spicules curved with a cucullus. Measurements of these nematodes (10 females: body length = 720.99 ± 123.87 µm, a = 41.07 ± 5.83, b = 9.22 ± 3.44, c = 26.57 ± 4.13, V = 73.2, stylet length = 14.91 ± 1.65 µm; 10 males: body length = 576.4 ± 88.16 µm, a = 38.12 ± 5.36, b = 7.83 ± 0.39, c = 23.07 ± 2.59, stylet length = 14.63 ± 1.95 µm, spicules length = 22.5 ± 2.21 µm) were similar to the isolates found in Portugal described by Penas et al.(4) and smaller than described by Mota et al. (3). Molecular diagnosis was done following the protocols recommended by the EPPO (1): (i) Amplification of satellite DNA of B. xylophilus by PCR obtaining fragments of 160, 320, and 480 bp; (ii) PCR amplification of a region of 77 bp satellite DNA of B. xylophilus by Taqman Real Time; and (iii) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Bursaphelenchus spp. nrDNA obtaining the restriction pattern for B. xylophilus. The ITS product amplified by PCR was also sequenced, showing a 99% homology with the sequences of B. xylophilus deposited in GenBank. A sequence of this nematode was submitted to GenBank database and assigned the number HQ646254. On the basis of these diagnostic characteristics, we have confirmed that B. xylophilus is now present in Galicia (northwestern Spain), which is one of the most productive and important region of Spain for forestry. References: (1) EPPO Bull. 39:344, 2009. (2) EPPO Rep. Serv. 3:2010/051, 2010. (3) M. M. Mota et al. Nematology 1:727, 1999. (4) A. C. Penas et al. J. Nematol. Morphol. Syst. 10:137, 2008.