Enhancing glycaemic control and promoting cardiovascular health: the therapeutic potential of Trigonella foenumgraecum in diabetic patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The antidiabetic potential of fenugreek has been highlighted in past literature, and various in-vitro and in-vivo studies have validated its glucose-lowering effects; however, very limited data are available on its effects on diabetic patients. Objective: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials that assessed patients who were administered fenugreek. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MS9/A361) were followed when conducting this meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched from inception until June 2023, for randomized control trials that compared fenugreek with control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and reported the following outcomes of interest: fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and postprandial glucose levels. The findings were presented as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were pooled using a random effects model. Results: Fenugreek significantly (P<0.001) reduced the fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c levels and postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients when compared to the control. Conclusion: Among patients with type 2 DM, our comparisons demonstrated a reduction in FBS, HbA1c levels and postprandial glucose levels with the administration of fenugreek seed at 2-5 mg dose in powder form.

Epidemiology, clinical ramifications, and cellular pathogenesis of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination-induced adverse cardiovascular outcomes: A state-of-the-heart review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelming healthcare systems globally. To date, a myriad of therapeutic regimens has been employed in an attempt to curb the ramifications of a severe COVID-19 infection. Amidst the ongoing pandemic, the advent and efficacious uptake of COVID-19 vaccination has significantly reduced disease-related hospitalizations and mortality. Nevertheless, many side-effects are being reported after COVID-19 vaccinations and myocarditis is the most commonly reported sequelae post vaccination. Majority of these diseases are associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Various studies have established a temporal relationship between these complications, yet the causality and the underlying pathogenesis remain hypothetical. In this review, we aim to critically appraise the available literature regarding the cardiovascular side effects of the various mRNA vaccines and the associated pathophysiology.

Look, but to the left: A rare case of gallbladder sinistroposition and comprehensive literature review.

Left-sided gallbladder (LSGB) is a rare anatomic variation that, while benign in the context of its transposition, is of significant intraoperative importance. Due to its association with other anatomic anomalies involving key structures in the hepatobiliary system, discovering it intraoperatively as opposed to preoperatively suddenly increases the difficulty of a gallbladder procedure.

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins.

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the wall of small mesenteric veins and venules with accumulation of a proteoglycan matrix leading to a non-thrombotic, non-inflammatory venous occlusion resulting in venous ischemia. IMHMV is a rare and poorly understood disease, with <20 case reports in the literature. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with this condition that resulted in colonic ischemia necessitating surgical resection. The cause of IMHMV in this patient was attributed to a Chinese herbal supplement used for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knees. A brief review of the literature is provided along with the case report.

Arterial Thrombus in a Protein C Deficient Patient.

Protein C is a Vitamin K derivative that plays an essential role in anticoagulation. Protein C deactivates clotting factors Va and VIIIa; therefore, a deficiency in this protein leads to over expression and activation of these factors and essentially a hypercoagulable, prothrombotic state. Although studies have shown that the cardinal manifestation of protein C deficiency is venous thromboembolism, we present a case of a patient in his third decade with a myocardial infarction on a background of protein C deficiency and minimal cardiovascular risk factors. Similar cases of patients presenting with arterial thrombus on background of protein C deficiency have been reported; therefore, it is imperative to acknowledge protein C deficiency as a possible cause of acute, premature myocardial infarctions in young patients with minimal or no risk for cardiovascular disease.