Data on the diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw and fermented camel milk.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the dominant and advantageous microorganisms of raw and fermented camel milk; these bacteria have the potential to develop functional camel-milk-derived products and can be used in dairy technology. This article presents data on the diversity of LAB, isolated from raw and fermented camel milk. In total, from two samples of raw camel milk and one sample of fermented camel milk, seventeen isolates of LAB were isolated. The data of genetic identification of strains, which was performed through analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, is presented. According to this data, the prevailing number of LAB belong to the Lactobacillus genus - 53%. Following species of Lactobacillus bacteria were determined - fermentum, casei, curizae, oryzae, brevis, plantarum, rhamnosus, paracasei. The next prevailing number of lactic acid bacteria belong to the Pediococcus genus - 23%, represented by acidilactici and pentosaceus species. Lactic acid bacteria of Weissella and Enterococcus genera comprised 12% each from total abundance. These results can be used for a further selection of potential starter cultures for functional camel-milk-derived products.

A controlled release system for simultaneous delivery of three human perivascular stem cell-derived factors for tissue repair and regeneration.

Transplanted stem/progenitor cells improve tissue healing and regeneration anatomically and functionally, mostly due to their secreted trophic factors. However, harsh conditions at the site of injury, including hypoxia, oxidative and inflammatory stress, increased fibrosis and insufficient angiogenesis, and in some cases immunological response or incompatibility, are detrimental to stem cell survival. To overcome the complexity and deficiencies of stem cell therapy, the coacervate delivery platform is deemed promising because it offers controlled and sustained release using heparin to recapitulate the binding and stabilization of extracellular proteins by heparan sulphates in native tissues. Here we show that recombinant alternatives of three key factors [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], commonly produced by perivascular stem cells under various stress conditions, can be successfully incorporated into a heparin-based coacervate. We characterized the release profile of the triply incorporated factors from the complex coacervate. The coacervate-released factors were able to exert their desired biological activities in vitro: VEGF stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, MCP-1 elevated macrophage migration and IL-6 increased IgM production by IL-6-dependent cell line. Thus, a controlled release system can be used for simultaneous delivery of three stem cell-derived factors and could be useful for tissue repair and regenerative medicine.

Combined effects of bone morphogenetic protein 10 and crossveinless-2 on cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse adipocyte-derived stem cells.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 10, a cardiac-restricted BMP family member, is essential in cardiomyogenesis, especially during trabeculation. Crossveinless-2 (CV2, also known as BMP endothelial cell precursor derived regulator [BMPER]) is a BMP-binding protein that modulates the activity of several BMPs. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of BMP10 and CV2 on cardiomyocyte differentiation using mouse dedifferentiated fat (mDFAT) cells, which spontaneously differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells, as a model. Our results revealed that CV2 binds directly to BMP10, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation, and inhibits BMP10 from initiating SMAD signaling, as determined by luciferase reporter gene assays. BMP10 treatment induced mDFAT cell proliferation, whereas CV2 modulated the BMP10-induced proliferation. Differentiation of cardiomyocyte-like cells proceeded in a reproducible fashion in mDFAT cells, starting with small round Nkx2.5-positive progenitor cells that progressively formed myotubes of increasing length that assembled into beating colonies and stained strongly for Troponin I and sarcomeric alpha-actinin. BMP10 enhanced proliferation of the small progenitor cells, thereby securing sufficient numbers to support formation of myotubes. CV2, on the other hand, enhanced formation and maturation of large myotubes and myotube-colonies and was expressed by endothelial-like cells in the mDFAT cultures. Thus BMP10 and CV2 have important roles in coordinating cardiomyogenesis in progenitor cells.

Role of the immune system in cardiac tissue damage and repair following myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: The immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of cardiomyocytes and leads to the exposure of danger-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the immune system to initiate inflammation. RESULTS: At the initial stage of post-MI inflammation, the immune system further damages cardiac tissue to clear cell debris. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells and the inability of the anti-oxidant system to neutralize ROS cause oxidative stress that further aggravates inflammation. On the other hand, the cells of both innate and adaptive immune system and their secreted factors are critically instrumental in the very dynamic and complex processes of regulating inflammation and mediating cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to decipher the balance between detrimental and beneficial effects of the immune system in MI. This enables us to identify better therapeutic targets for reducing the infarct size, sustaining the cardiac function, and minimizing the likelihood of heart failure. This review discusses the role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in cardiac tissue damage and repair in experimental models of MI.