Low prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus in normal oral mucosa by hybrid capture 2

High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are recognized as a necessary factor to development cervical cancer. During the last decade many studies have found HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa, however the association between HR-HPV and OSCC is still uncertain. The aim of the study was to determine DNA HR-HPV in normal oral cavity of healthy adults. A cross-sectional study was performed; samples from 77 patients with normal oral cavity were collected at the Dentistry school, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, México. HR-HPV was detected by hybrid capture 2. One sample out of 77(1.2 percent) was positive for HR-PVH. It was from a man of 50 years old. HR-HPV is present in low rate among healthy oral mucosa. Hybrid capture 2 could be a good methodology for large epidemiology studies.

Papilomavírus humano de alto risco (HR-HPV) é um fator reconhecido como necessário para o desenvolvimento de câncer cervical. Na última década vários estudos encontraram HR-HPV em OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) e em mucosa oral normal, mas a associação entre HR-HPV e OSCC não é bem conhecida. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar DNA de HR-HPV na cavidade oral normal de adultos saudáveis. Realizou-se um estudo cross-sectional com amostras da cavidade oral normal de 77 pacientes da Escola de Odontologia da Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, México. HR-HPV foi detectado através de Captura Híbrida 2. Uma amostra em 77 (1,2 por cento) foi positiva para HR-PVH e era proveniente de um homem de 50 anos de idade. Concluiu-se que HR-HPV tem baixa prevalência na mucosa oral normal e a Captura Híbrida 2 pode ser um método adequado para estudos epidemiológicos.

Low prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus in normal oral mucosa by hybrid capture 2.

High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are recognized as a necessary factor to development cervical cancer. During the last decade many studies have found HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa, however the association between HR-HPV and OSCC is still uncertain. The aim of the study was to determine DNA HR-HPV in normal oral cavity of healthy adults. A cross-sectional study was performed; samples from 77 patients with normal oral cavity were collected at the Dentistry school, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, México. HR-HPV was detected by hybrid capture 2. One sample out of 77(1.2%) was positive for HR-PVH. It was from a man of 50 years old. HRHPV is present in low rate among healthy oral mucosa. Hybrid capture 2 could be a good methodology for large epidemiology studies.

Detection of unusual strains of RV in patients with acute diarrhoea in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants. Human strains with a short RNA pattern generally exhibit subgroup I, G2, P1B[4] specificity, those with a long RNA pattern show subgroup II, G1, G3 or G4, P1A[8] specificity. The presence of strains with unusual specificities has been reported worldwide over the last decade. OBJECTIVE: To determine antigenic diversity among rotaviruses isolated from patients with diarrhoea. STUDY DESIGN: A laboratory-based survey study was carried out with faecal samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis form January to April 2000. To classify the samples PAGE and ELISA with specific antibodies to serotype G and P and RT-PCR were carried out. RESULTS: Twenty one specimens from patients with dehydrating diarrhoea had unusual specifies. Nine specimens had unusual combination of long pattern and subgroup I. Twelve specimens with short pattern belong to G1 serotype. As far as the serotypes and genotypes concern 11 samples were P1A, P[4] and one specimen was P1A, P[9]. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the unexpected presence of unusual strains of rotavirus in Mexico. Detection of strains with both human and animal characteristics may indicate interspecies transmission of RV between humans and animals.

Clinical manifestations of the rotavirus infection and his relation with the electropherotypes and serotypes detected during 1998 and 1999 in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Group A rotavirus (RV) is associated with acute infectious diarrhea (AID) in children and adults. The clinical manifestations of RV infection are classified as slight, moderate and severe and could be the results of differing rotaviral serotypes. Attempts have been made to correlate the severity of the infection with specific RV groups, subgroups (SG) serotypes and electropherotypes, but the results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the severity of the RV infection with the strains of RV isolated from the patients. STUDY DESIGN: 142 feces were collected from patients with AID caused by RV. The samples were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electrophoretic pattern and immunoenzymatic assays with monoclonal antibodies specific for serotype, SG and group. The Program EPIINFO 6.0 was used to analyze the correlation. RESULTS: The 142 RV strains isolated were from group A and long electrophoretic pattern. Respect to the symptoms were classified, 43 (30%) as slight; the RV isolates corresponding to these patients were 35 of serotype G1P1A SG II; 4 G1P1A SG I and II; 1 G1P1A SG Non I Non I; 1 G3 SG II; 1 G3 SG Non I and Non II and 1 G3 SG I and II. 89 (53%) of patients showed moderate clinical symptoms. 58 isolates of RV were G1P1A SG II; 11 G1P1A SG Non I Non II; 9 G1P1A SG I and II; 1 G1P1B SG II; 1 G4P1A SG II; 1G1 and G4 SG I and II; 6 G3 SG Non I Non II; 2 G3 SG II. The severe RV infection occurred in only 10 (7%). 8 were serotype G1P1A SG II and 2 were G1P1A SG I and II. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the severity of AID has no significant statistical relationship to the specific RV strains isolated from the patients.

[Rotavirus infections in Yucatan, Mexico, in 2000]. / Infecciones por rotavirus en Yucatán, México, durante el 2000.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cases of rotavirus infection occurred in Yucatan, Mexico, in the year 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January to May 2000, were studied 668 patients with acute infectious diarrhea and their fecal samples. A questionnaire was applied and the samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver stained. Incidence rates and the frequency of clinical manifestations were calculated. RESULTS: The cases of rotavirus occurred from January to April 2000. Three hundred-thirty seven (50.45%) samples were positives. The higher incidence rate of 0.70% was observed in infants 6 to 8 months of age. Vomit, nausea and hyperthermia were the more frequent clinical manifestations. Abdominal pain and dehydration occurred in 45.9% and 41.8% of the cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of the cases was similar to the reported by the countries with tempered climate. The risk of becoming ill by rotavirus was greater in the children under 1 year of age. Abdominal pain requires be carefully explored. Surveillance of the cases must be carried out throughout the year.

Molecular and antigenic characterisation of rotavirus associated with an outbreak of acute infection diarrhea at a nursery in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Introducción. El rotavirus (RV), es el ocasiona los casos de diarrea infecciosa aguda (DIA) en niños. Los estudios del perfil genómico y antigénicos de los RV, son importantes, para conocer los cambios moleculares que han presentado las cepas a través de los años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterización electroforética y antigénica de las cepas de RV que circularon durante un brote de DÍA en una guardería en Mérida, Yucatán, México en Enero de 1996.Material y método. A las muestras a RV, se les realizó la caracterización por la técnica de electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) con tinción de nitrato de plata y por un ELISA con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos de subgrupo y de serotipo G y P.Resultados. Las edades de los niños estuvieron entre 1 mes a 5 años y de los adultos entre 20 a 40 años. El grupo de RV fue el A; el subgrupo I y el II se encontraron en porcentajes iguales. Los serotipos G encontrados fueron el G1, G2 y el serotipo P, fue el P1A. Los patrones electroforéticos cortos y largos se identificaron al 50 por ciento respectivamente. El serotipo G2, subgrupo I, patrón corto se encontró en dos adultos y un niño que tuvieron que ser hospitalizados por deshidratación.Discusión. La presencia de dos cepas diferentes en la guaderia, nos indica que pueden estar circulando en un mismo lugar varias cepas a la vez. Nuestros resultados sugieren que cepas de patrón corto, serotipo G2, subgrupo I, se asocian a las infecciones más severas.

Cambios en el comportamiento endémico de la diarrea cusada por rotavirus en el estado de Yucatán, México. Informe preliminar / Endemic changes in diarrhea by rotavirus in Yucatan, Mexico. Preliminary report

Introducción. En Yucatán, como en otras regiones de clima tropical la diarrea por rotavirus (RV) se presentaba en forma endémica. Sin embargo, desde 1994 se han presentado brotes epidémicos de diarrea por RV durante el invierno. Material y métodos. Para conocer el número esperado de casos de diarrea y poder detectar la presencia de un brote epidémico durante los años de 1994 y 1995, se elaboró un índice endémico y se realizó un revisión de todos los casos de diarrea por RV diagnosticados por le Laboratorio de Virología del centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi" de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, durante los años mencionados. Resultados. Observamos que de enero a abril, de ambos años estudiados, los casos de diarrea excedieron a los esperados. También se pudo determinar que en 1994 el 65 por ciento de los casos de diarrea estudiados en estos meses fueron ocasionados por RV, en tanto que en 1995 el porcentaje se mantuvo en 56 por ciento. Conclusión. Con esta revisión se pudo demostrar, de manera retrospectiva, la aparición de un brote epidémico de diarrea por RV durante los meses de invierno, aunque, se desconocen las causas de dicho cambio epidemiológico