RESUMO
Color is the first factor that consumers consider when it comes to meat quality, linking it to freshness. The most common function of vitamin E (tocopherol -), is its ability to act as an antioxidant in biological systems. The free radicals are neutralized by -tocopherol before lipid oxidation is propagated between the cellular and subcellular membranes of highly unsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidants in meat have the function to delay the onset of oxidation phenomena, retaining the sensory characteristics. They are added to the foods to preserve their color characteristics, avoiding the appearance of anomalous odors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color of the meat of Santa Inês-bred lambs, supplemented with Vitamin E. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs were divided into 2 groups: S (supplementation with Vitamin E) and NS (not supplemented with Vitamin E). The animals were fed an isoproteic diet formulated to meet the requirement of 250-300 g/day. The S group was fed a diet containing 350 mg/kg ppm of Vitamin E per day, added to the concentrate. After the slaughtering, the muscle Longissimus dorsi was separated for the evaluation of the color with the aid of a colorimeter (Minolta) in the CIELAB system, which assessed the parameters: L (brightness), a (red content) and b (level of yellow). The values L, a, and b were obtained in three separate surface points in t
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Color is the first factor that consumers consider when it comes to meat quality, linking it to freshness. The most common function of vitamin E (tocopherol -), is its ability to act as an antioxidant in biological systems. The free radicals are neutralized by -tocopherol before lipid oxidation is propagated between the cellular and subcellular membranes of highly unsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidants in meat have the function to delay the onset of oxidation phenomena, retaining the sensory characteristics. They are added to the foods to preserve their color characteristics, avoiding the appearance of anomalous odors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color of the meat of Santa Inês-bred lambs, supplemented with Vitamin E. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs were divided into 2 groups: S (supplementation with Vitamin E) and NS (not supplemented with Vitamin E). The animals were fed an isoproteic diet formulated to meet the requirement of 250-300 g/day. The S group was fed a diet containing 350 mg/kg ppm of Vitamin E per day, added to the concentrate. After the slaughtering, the muscle Longissimus dorsi was separated for the evaluation of the color with the aid of a colorimeter (Minolta) in the CIELAB system, which assessed the parameters: L (brightness), a (red content) and b (level of yellow). The values L, a, and b were obtained in three separate surface points in t
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The main factors that contribute to the quality of the meat are texture, flavor, color, appearance and odor. The texture varies depending on the size of the fiber bundles, which is not only determined by the number of fibers, but also by the diameter. The diameter of sheep meat muscle fibers is lower than that of swine and bovines, which tends to increase subtly, and according to the age, this gives a characteristic of greater resistance to the meat. The differences in meat tenderness can also vary depending on the genetic and biochemical composition, especially related to fat ratio, or types of fibers in the muscle. The texture can be determined by sensory and instrumental methods, especially in Warner-Bratzler, which 36% of the variance of the texture can be perceived by consumers. This is an important quality parameter to be considered before marketing these meats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear force meat of castrated Santa Inês-bred lambs. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs, with a mean age of 9 months, were divided into 2 groups: C (castrated) and NC (non-castrated). The animals of Group C were castrated after weaning, by the surgical method of removing the testicles. At 45 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered, and separated into loin cuts (Longisimus dorsi). The topside, formed by 9 muscles on the back side, was cut for analysis. Twenty samples of
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
One of the main characteristics to evaluate in selective breeding is semen quality. However, factors related to the animal itself, such as age, and the environment can influence reproductive traits. Good semen quality assures a faster return on investment in sheep farming by allowing better selection of males used as breeding stock to enhance reproductive efficiency of the herd, since males with good sexual performance and high fertility probably will beget a greater number of ewes in a shorter period of time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on the semen quality of rams of the Morada Nova breed. The experiment was conducted at the Instituto de Zootecnia de Nova Odessa in São Paulo state, Brazil, in the period from March to May 2014. Twenty-four rams were used for monthly evaluation, with ages of 18±2 (n = 12) and 30±2 months (n = 12). The ejaculate from each animal was collected with an artificial vagina with the aid of a female in estrus, for further evaluation as to the volume, aspect, whirling, motility and sperm vigor. Then the sperm concentration and morphology were determined in wet slides. Means were compared by the t-test and chi-square test using the SAS software (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). There was no difference (P>0.05) for volume, concentration/mL, total concentration, coiled tails, decapitation and distal protoplasmic droplets. The variables whi
O artigo não possui resumo em português.
RESUMO
One of the main characteristics to evaluate in selective breeding is semen quality. However, factors related to the animal itself, such as age, and the environment can influence reproductive traits. Good semen quality assures a faster return on investment in sheep farming by allowing better selection of males used as breeding stock to enhance reproductive efficiency of the herd, since males with good sexual performance and high fertility probably will beget a greater number of ewes in a shorter period of time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on the semen quality of rams of the Morada Nova breed. The experiment was conducted at the Instituto de Zootecnia de Nova Odessa in São Paulo state, Brazil, in the period from March to May 2014. Twenty-four rams were used for monthly evaluation, with ages of 18±2 (n = 12) and 30±2 months (n = 12). The ejaculate from each animal was collected with an artificial vagina with the aid of a female in estrus, for further evaluation as to the volume, aspect, whirling, motility and sperm vigor. Then the sperm concentration and morphology were determined in wet slides. Means were compared by the t-test and chi-square test using the SAS software (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). There was no difference (P>0.05) for volume, concentration/mL, total concentration, coiled tails, decapitation and distal protoplasmic droplets. The variables whi
O artigo não possui resumo em português.
RESUMO
The main factors that contribute to the quality of the meat are texture, flavor, color, appearance and odor. The texture varies depending on the size of the fiber bundles, which is not only determined by the number of fibers, but also by the diameter. The diameter of sheep meat muscle fibers is lower than that of swine and bovines, which tends to increase subtly, and according to the age, this gives a characteristic of greater resistance to the meat. The differences in meat tenderness can also vary depending on the genetic and biochemical composition, especially related to fat ratio, or types of fibers in the muscle. The texture can be determined by sensory and instrumental methods, especially in Warner-Bratzler, which 36% of the variance of the texture can be perceived by consumers. This is an important quality parameter to be considered before marketing these meats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear force meat of castrated Santa Inês-bred lambs. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs, with a mean age of 9 months, were divided into 2 groups: C (castrated) and NC (non-castrated). The animals of Group C were castrated after weaning, by the surgical method of removing the testicles. At 45 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered, and separated into loin cuts (Longisimus dorsi). The topside, formed by 9 muscles on the back side, was cut for analysis. Twenty samples of
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Citrus pulp, wet and dehydrated, has importance as natural anthelmintic, by having in its composition essential oils with large amounts of terpenes, which are secondary metabolites that can cause interference in biochemical and physiological parasites functions. Packed cell volume (PCV) is a tool for indirect diagnosis of infections caused by Haemonchus contortus, since this parasite is a haematophagous nematode that causes severe anemia in animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of PCV and fecal egg count per gram of feces (EPG) in sheep naturally infected fed with dried citrus pulp or wet citrus pulp silage. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Zootecnia, from June to august/2012, with 45 Santa Ines ewe lambs divided into three groups (15 animals / treatment), according to weight and initial EPG. The ewes lambs from each treatment were kept at different paddocks of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana grass and supplemented with corn silage and with 1% (DM basis) of corn grain (T1 - control) or dried citrus pulp (T2) or wet citrus pulp silage (T3). Blood and feces samples were collected for packed cell volume determination by centrifugation and feces by examination in McMaster chambers. Analysis of variance was performed after data transformations (log (X+10)) and means compared by the SNK test at 5% probability (SAS). The means of group 1, 2 and 3 did not
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Hematologic parameters are used as an auxiliary method for evaluation and diagnosis of various diseases, such as parasitic infections. Citrus pulp has essential oils in its composition that may combat parasitism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters of animals supplemented with dried citrus pulp or wet citrus pulp silage. The experiment was carried out at Institute of Animal Science (Instituto de Zootecnia-APTA-SAA-SP), from June to August 2012. Twenty-four Santa Inês ewes lambs, with initial live weight around 25 kg, were totally dewormed and, after three negative fecal EPG (egg per gram) determination, were artificially infected with 3500 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. After 21 days, EPG was performed and the animals divided into three uniform groups of 8 animals / treatments according to theirs live weight and fecal EPG. The animals were placed in individual suspended slatted floor pens for 42 days and fed with corn silage and supplemented with 1% (on DM basis) of corn grain (T1 - control) or dried citrus pulp (T2) or wet citrus pulp silage (T3). Diets were kept isoproteic (11% CP) by supplementation with soybean meal. Blood samples were taken every 14 days for analysis of packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte count (Ery). Analysis of variance was performed with transformations of data (log X +10) and the means compared by T
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The scarce literature about complete hemogram and determination of total plasmatic protein in some species of farm animals, especially regarding to race and age, difficults the interpretation of laboratory tests, due to the absence of pre-established values, which could help diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the values of hemogram and PPT in lambs of Santa Inês breed, on different age. 91 observation were made of animals stratified on three different age , 0 to 15 (FE1), 16 to 30 (FE2) and 31 to 60 (FE3), days old, at the municipality of Itapura/SP. The averageof hemogram and PPT in comparision to SNK test by statistical program SAS. The average of Hb were different among FE1 and FE3 but did not differ from FE2, with values increasing with the age. The packed cell volume and PPT averages were not different statistically (23,92% e 5,67±0,64g/dL, respectively). Lambs of FE3 had higher average of erythrocytes and total leukocyte in relation to the FE1, but those FE2 not differ from other. The average of corpuscular medium volume were influenced by FE, being higher than the lambs of FE1 in relation to the FE3 (37,11±10,66, 33,06±9,53 and 29,20±6,95fL for FE1, FE2 and FE3,respectively). FE1 and FE2 did not differ from average segmented neutrophil and lymphocytes, but were lower than those of FE3. The average of eosinophils
A escassa literatura sobre hemograma completo e determinação de proteínas plasmáticas totais, em algumas espécies de animais de produção, principalmente no que diz respeito a raças e faixas etárias, dificulta a interpretação dos exames laboratoriais devido à ausência de valores préestabelecidos, o que poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento de diversas enfermidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os valores de hemograma e proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) em cordeiros Santa Inês, em diferentes faixas etárias. Foram realizadas 91 observações de animais estratificados em três faixas etárias, 0 a 15 (FE1), 16 a 30 (FE2) e 31 a 60 (FE3) dias de idade, no município de Itapura/SP. As médias dos hemogramas e PPT foram comparadas pelo teste SNK pelo programa estatístico SAS. As médias de hemoglobina diferiram entre as FE1 e FE3 mas não diferiram da FE2, com valores crescentes conforme a idade. As médias de volume globular e PPT não foram diferentes estatisticamente, nas diferentes idades, com médias de 23,92% e 5,67±0,64g/dL, respectivamente. Os cordeiros da FE3 tiveram médias superiores de eritrócitos e leucócitos totais em relação aos da FE1, porém as da FE2 não diferiram das demais. As médias de volume corpuscular médio foram influenciadas pela FE, sendo superiores dos cordeiros da FE1 em relação aos da FE3 (37,11±10,66, 33,06±9,53 e 29,20±6,95fL para FE
RESUMO
Hematologic parameters are used as an auxiliary method for evaluation and diagnosis of various diseases, such as parasitic infections. Citrus pulp has essential oils in its composition that may combat parasitism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters of animals supplemented with dried citrus pulp or wet citrus pulp silage. The experiment was carried out at Institute of Animal Science (Instituto de Zootecnia-APTA-SAA-SP), from June to August 2012. Twenty-four Santa Inês ewes lambs, with initial live weight around 25 kg, were totally dewormed and, after three negative fecal EPG (egg per gram) determination, were artificially infected with 3500 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. After 21 days, EPG was performed and the animals divided into three uniform groups of 8 animals / treatments according to theirs live weight and fecal EPG. The animals were placed in individual suspended slatted floor pens for 42 days and fed with corn silage and supplemented with 1% (on DM basis) of corn grain (T1 - control) or dried citrus pulp (T2) or wet citrus pulp silage (T3). Diets were kept isoproteic (11% CP) by supplementation with soybean meal. Blood samples were taken every 14 days for analysis of packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte count (Ery). Analysis of variance was performed with transformations of data (log X +10) and the means compared by T
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Citrus pulp, wet and dehydrated, has importance as natural anthelmintic, by having in its composition essential oils with large amounts of terpenes, which are secondary metabolites that can cause interference in biochemical and physiological parasites functions. Packed cell volume (PCV) is a tool for indirect diagnosis of infections caused by Haemonchus contortus, since this parasite is a haematophagous nematode that causes severe anemia in animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of PCV and fecal egg count per gram of feces (EPG) in sheep naturally infected fed with dried citrus pulp or wet citrus pulp silage. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Zootecnia, from June to august/2012, with 45 Santa Ines ewe lambs divided into three groups (15 animals / treatment), according to weight and initial EPG. The ewes lambs from each treatment were kept at different paddocks of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana grass and supplemented with corn silage and with 1% (DM basis) of corn grain (T1 - control) or dried citrus pulp (T2) or wet citrus pulp silage (T3). Blood and feces samples were collected for packed cell volume determination by centrifugation and feces by examination in McMaster chambers. Analysis of variance was performed after data transformations (log (X+10)) and means compared by the SNK test at 5% probability (SAS). The means of group 1, 2 and 3 did not
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The development of populations of gastrointestinal parasites resistant to antihelmintics has led to seeks new alternatives its control. Stimulation of natural immunity by means of animal nutrition has shown promising results in controlling nematodes in sheep. The addition of protected fat sources, containing essential fatty acids, may be an alternative due to many effects, among them, regulation of immunity expression and regulation of the inflammatory response by immune effectors. The aim of this study was to estimate correlations between haematological and parasitological patterns, animal performance through weight and body condition, under the influence of protected fat in ewes. Fifty Santa Ines sheep, in the final third of pregnancy or postpartum, in paddocks of Panicum maximum, received, individually, 200 g per day of concentrate, isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, with or without the addition of protected fat. In general, except for total leukocytes and eosinophils, almost all of Pearson correlation coefficients of other variables were significant. However, the protected fat, in the amount offered, had no antihelmintic effect.
O desenvolvimento de populações de parasitas gastrintestinais resistentes aos antihelmínticos, tem como conseqüência a realização de pesquisas que identifiquem novas alternativas de controle. A estimulação da imunidade natural em ovinos, por meios nutricionais tem mostrado resultados bastante promissores no controle dos nematoides em ovinos. A adição de fontes de gordura protegida, contendo ácidos graxos essenciais, pode ser uma alternativa, por seus muitos efeitos, entre eles, a regulação da expressão da imunidade e regulação da resposta inflamatória pelos imuno-efetores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar as correlações entre padrões hematológicos, parasitológicos e o desempenho animal através do peso e condição corporal de ovelhas, sob a influência da gordura protegida em ovelhas. Cinquenta ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, no terço final de gestação ou no periparto, em piquetes de Panicum maximum, receberam, individualmente, 200 g por dia de concentrado, com dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, com ou sem adição de gordura protegida. De modo geral, com exceção dos leucócitos totais e eosinófilos, quase todos os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson das outras variáveis foram significativos. No entanto, a gordura protegida, na quantidade oferecida, não teve efeito anti-helmíntico.