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4.
J Int Bioethique Ethique Sci ; 31(4): 75-97, 2021 02.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33728879

RESUMO

The Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico (CPEUM) dates from February 5, 1917. It recognizes that all people will enjoy the guarantees granted by the Constitution, which may not be restricted or suspended, except in some cases and under the conditions that it herself establishes.On the centenary of the promulgation of its Magna Carta, Mexico is experiencing a deep economic, political, social and governmental crisis, and the consequent loss of access to fundamental human rights to survive.Among the effects of this situation, 44 million people are in the age of preparing to enter the labor market and sustain the Mexican economy for the next four decades. However, their economic situation prevents them from having the resources required to access adequate food, pay educational expenses and enter the labor market.This reality makes it essential to explore the possible causes that have originated these circumstances and propose viable alternatives that alleviate – in the medium term – the immense deficiencies of the Mexicans and recover the hope that there will be possibilities of a lasting life.


Assuntos
Bioética , Direitos Humanos , Demografia , Humanos , México , Política , Dinâmica Populacional
5.
Rev. cienc. forenses Honduras (En línea) ; 7(2): 53-63, 2021. ilus., map.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1399910

RESUMO

Justificación: la imparable contaminación y uso de los recursos fósiles ha desencadenado innumerables efectos en la naturaleza, la población, la economía; genera migración, pobreza y vulnerabilidad en las poblaciones menos protegidas como las de América Latina. A un siglo de las declaraciones de estudiosos de diversas disciplinas acerca del ámbito de acción de la bioética, sus disertaciones llevan al reconocimiento de que la naturaleza y los seres vivos están relacionados y si se altera su medio ambiente, se arriesga la sobrevivencia. Objetivo: presentar una reflexión sobre la importancia de los recursos naturales en América Latina y su relación con la bioética. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones de acceso libre en Google Académico, utilizando los términos bioética, cambio climático, pobreza, vulnerabilidad, derechos humanos, desarrollo sostenible y América Latina. Resultados: se seleccionaron 37 artículos comprendidos entre 1970 y 2020 y se agruparon en tres vertientes de interés: los que se centran en la historia de la bioética, los que contenían reflexiones sobre el papel del medio ambiente en la reproducción de la vida, el bienestar, el derecho de las personas a este y los que tomando en consideración el alcance de la bioética; llaman a la responsabilidad individual hacia los recursos naturales y su relación con la realidad latinoamericana de cara al cambio climático. Conclusión: la visión bioética debe ampliarse del enfoque de investigación y su paso de lo médico, a la relación indivisible entre los seres vivos y la naturaleza, los derechos humanos, a una vida sana y el recuento de los retos que vive/sortea cotidianamente la población en América Latina ante las alteraciones ambientales...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bioética , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Mudança Climática , Direitos Humanos , América Latina
6.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145432

RESUMO

Introducción:América Latina a cinco décadas de seguir las políticas económicas y fiscales del Fondo Monetario Internacional y del Banco Mundial, que la llevarían al crecimiento y desarrollo y en lasque los Estados-gobiernos se centraron paraconstruir la democracia,sin tener el efecto deseado, al contrario,la región está viviendo en la violencia más profunda y creciente, sumado al reto delaCOVID-19. Objetivo:Conocer las causas que originaron esta situación, que afecta a la población vulnerable, que sufre la violencia en varios entornos y con efectos diversos. Metodología:Cualitativa (1970-2020); en lo histórico, económico, social, de desarrollo, de crecimiento y bienestar en la región, siguiendo los postulados de Amartya Sen del año 2000 con relación al ejerciciode las libertades de la población y su bienestar. Se prefirieron las revisiones, estados del arte, estudios y análisis. Resultados:Se encontró que el modelo económico colapsó desde 1980 pues fundamentó su base económica solo en los recursos naturales. Continuó la dependencia externa. Las políticas económicas, fiscales y asistenciales tampoco fueron efectivas. La población se quedó sin educación y empleo, generando migración creciente, pobreza extrema y vulnerabilidad. Centroamérica esla zona más golpeadaya que sus habitantes son mayoritariamente rurales e indígenas. Actualmente se sigue el mismo modelo. Regresó la violencia de las fuerzas policiales y esta se detonó también en la población como mecanismo de defensa y sobrevivencia. Conclusiones:Los hallazgos demuestran el fracaso del modelo;las políticas nunca consideraron la capacidad contributiva real, ni las demandas de educación, empleo, seguridad y bienestar. Finalmente, los efectos de la pandemia en la región, corroboran lo endeble del sistema de salud, la fragilidad de las economías y a nivel social, el inminente incremento de población vulnerablecon futuro incierto...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Exposição à Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos/história , Modelos Econômicos
7.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol ; 145(6): 1417-1426, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30923945

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels is a shrub native of Australia. In spite of containing an important number of bioactive compounds (1,8-cineole, limonene and α-terpineol) recognized as a potential chemotherapeutic agents, it is only used as an ornamental plant in Mexico. This study investigated the chemopreventive effect of C. citrinus leaves extract on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups of eight rats. Group 1 served as negative control, groups 2 and 3 were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (65 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week the first 2 weeks, and then one the third week. In addition, group 3 was administrated with leaves extracts (250 mg/kg b.w., orally daily) during the 22 weeks of the experiment. Animals were killed and the presence of colon tumors and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were scored for number and distribution pattern along the colon. The activity of two-phase II enzymes quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was determined in the liver and three segments of the colon: proximal, middle and distal. RESULTS: The results show that rats feed with C. citrinus leaves extract significantly reduced the size of tumors, the number of ACF and the crypt multiplicity. Additionally, C. citrinus leaves extract increased or maintained the activity of QR and GST in the different tissues as compared with DHM-treated group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Callistemon citrinus extract could have a chemopreventive effect against colon carcinogenesis.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/induzido quimicamente , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/tratamento farmacológico , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/patologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinógenos , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo/enzimologia , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
10.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(4): 933-946, jul.-ago. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-76962

RESUMO

En México el reconocimiento a los derechos de las mujeres ha transitado un largo camino, acompañado muchas veces de experiencias difíciles para hacerlos valer. Desde 1930 se lucha por el reconocimiento de dichos derechos, se han signado ordenamientos, leyes nacionales e internacionales que norman todo a lo que las mujeres tienen acceso. Sin embargo, los estudios, encuestas y denuncias demuestran lo contrario. Este artículo abordó la problemática que las mujeres indígenas viven en México para que sean respetados y reconocidos sus derechos, específicamente los reproductivos y, particularmente, la esterilización impuesta, que además de violar su derecho a decidir por las instituciones encargadas de cuidar su salud, les genera problemas ginecológicos y rechazo por su pareja (AU).


Women's rights recognition in Mexico has gone through a long way, accompanied many times by difficult experiences to make them true. The fights for the recognition of those rights date back to 1930. Orders, national and international laws have been signed ruling all the rights to which women have access. However, studies, surveys and reports prove the entire contrary. This article approaches the problems affronted by the indigenous women who live in Mexico for the recognition and respect of their rights specially the reproductive ones and, particularly, the imposed sterilization, that besides the violation of their rights to decide from the part of the institutions in charge of taking care for their health, causes them gynecological problems and their couples rejection (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Direitos da Mulher/história , Violência Étnica/prevenção & controle , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/história , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/legislação & jurisprudência , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/normas , Violência Étnica/tendências , Violência de Gênero/prevenção & controle , Violência de Gênero/tendências , México
11.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(4): 933-946, jul.-ago. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902217

RESUMO

En México el reconocimiento a los derechos de las mujeres ha transitado un largo camino, acompañado muchas veces de experiencias difíciles para hacerlos valer. Desde 1930 se lucha por el reconocimiento de dichos derechos, se han signado ordenamientos, leyes nacionales e internacionales que norman todo a lo que las mujeres tienen acceso. Sin embargo, los estudios, encuestas y denuncias demuestran lo contrario. Este artículo abordó la problemática que las mujeres indígenas viven en México para que sean respetados y reconocidos sus derechos, específicamente los reproductivos y, particularmente, la esterilización impuesta, que además de violar su derecho a decidir por las instituciones encargadas de cuidar su salud, les genera problemas ginecológicos y rechazo por su pareja (AU).


Women's rights recognition in Mexico has gone through a long way, accompanied many times by difficult experiences to make them true. The fights for the recognition of those rights date back to 1930. Orders, national and international laws have been signed ruling all the rights to which women have access. However, studies, surveys and reports prove the entire contrary. This article approaches the problems affronted by the indigenous women who live in Mexico for the recognition and respect of their rights specially the reproductive ones and, particularly, the imposed sterilization, that besides the violation of their rights to decide from the part of the institutions in charge of taking care for their health, causes them gynecological problems and their couples rejection (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Direitos da Mulher/história , Violência Étnica/prevenção & controle , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/história , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/legislação & jurisprudência , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos/normas , Violência Étnica/tendências , Violência de Gênero/prevenção & controle , Violência de Gênero/tendências , México
12.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(supl.1): 765-771, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-77044

RESUMO

El presente artículo pretendió una reflexión sobre la situación que viven actualmente las mujeres queretanas, partiendo desde el panorama socioeconómico y demográfico, como contexto general y aspectos sociales asociados con la vida cotidiana desde una perspectiva de género. Son muchas las expresiones de violencia como resultado histórico-cultural y desde el punto de vista moral que existen en los diferentes ámbitos de acción en el que conviven las mujeres, incluso desde muy joven, cuando son madres de familia y formadoras de seres humanos, durante su empoderamiento para desarrollarse en el ámbito profesional y académico, todo ello, en muchas ocasiones dentro de un medio muy hostil (AU).


The current article pretended a reflection on the situation Queretaro women live nowadays, beginning from the demographic and socio-economic panorama as a general context and going through social aspects associated to daily life, all of that from a genre perspective. There are many expressions of violence as a historic-cultural result and from the moral point of view in the different environments in which women perform, starting from the moment they are still very young, them when they are mothers and educators of children, and during their empowering to perform in the professional and academic fields; all of that inside a very unfriendly environment (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Violência contra a Mulher , Equidade de Gênero , Perspectiva de Gênero , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Família/etnologia , Família/psicologia , Indicadores (Estatística) , Políticas Inclusivas de Gênero , México
13.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(supl.1): 765-771, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902255

RESUMO

El presente artículo pretendió una reflexión sobre la situación que viven actualmente las mujeres queretanas, partiendo desde el panorama socioeconómico y demográfico, como contexto general y aspectos sociales asociados con la vida cotidiana desde una perspectiva de género. Son muchas las expresiones de violencia como resultado histórico-cultural y desde el punto de vista moral que existen en los diferentes ámbitos de acción en el que conviven las mujeres, incluso desde muy joven, cuando son madres de familia y formadoras de seres humanos, durante su empoderamiento para desarrollarse en el ámbito profesional y académico, todo ello, en muchas ocasiones dentro de un medio muy hostil (AU).


The current article pretended a reflection on the situation Queretaro women live nowadays, beginning from the demographic and socio-economic panorama as a general context and going through social aspects associated to daily life, all of that from a genre perspective. There are many expressions of violence as a historic-cultural result and from the moral point of view in the different environments in which women perform, starting from the moment they are still very young, them when they are mothers and educators of children, and during their empowering to perform in the professional and academic fields; all of that inside a very unfriendly environment (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Violência contra a Mulher , Equidade de Gênero , Perspectiva de Gênero , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Família/etnologia , Família/psicologia , Indicadores (Estatística) , Políticas Inclusivas de Gênero , México
14.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 28(5): 405-407, sept.-oct. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130391

RESUMO

Pese a la gran frecuencia de problemas de salud mental entre los consultantes de atención primaria, persiste el problema de unos inadecuados diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se necesita una buena capacitación de los médicos de familia para el manejo de estos trastornos, a fin de minimizar su impacto sanitario, económico y social. Entre otros elementos, se considera relevante la cooperación con los servicios de salud mental, para la cual existen diferentes modelos. Nuestro departamento de salud inició en 2006 una colaboración estable según el modelo de enlace. Se han obtenido resultados positivos en términos de reducción de demora para las primeras visitas al especialista y de aumento de la satisfacción de los profesionales, aunque deben interpretarse con cautela. Recientemente se han acumulado evidencias sobre la utilidad del modelo colaborativo, aunque su evaluación y extrapolación son complejas. Nos proponemos ahondar en la evaluación de nuestro modelo, de manera análoga a otras iniciativas de nuestro entorno (AU)


Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems among patients attending primary care, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders remain inadequate. Sound training of primary care physicians in how to manage mental health problems is needed to reduce the health, economic and social impact associated with these disorders. Among other elements, there is a need for cooperation between primary care physicians and mental health services. Distinct models are available for such collaboration. In 2006, our health department started a collaboration between these two levels of heath care, using a liaison model. Delays until the first specialist visit were reduced and satisfaction among health professionals increased, although these results should be interpreted with caution. Evidence has recently accumulated on the usefulness of the collaborative model, but evaluation of this model and extrapolation of its results are complex. We intend to evaluate our model more thoroughly, similar to other projects in our environment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Saúde Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Mental/normas , Saúde Mental/tendências , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Indicador de Colaboração , Serviços de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/tendências , Satisfação Pessoal , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde
15.
Gac Sanit ; 28(5): 405-7, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24690535

RESUMO

Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems among patients attending primary care, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders remain inadequate. Sound training of primary care physicians in how to manage mental health problems is needed to reduce the health, economic and social impact associated with these disorders. Among other elements, there is a need for cooperation between primary care physicians and mental health services. Distinct models are available for such collaboration. In 2006, our health department started a collaboration between these two levels of heath care, using a liaison model. Delays until the first specialist visit were reduced and satisfaction among health professionals increased, although these results should be interpreted with caution. Evidence has recently accumulated on the usefulness of the collaborative model, but evaluation of this model and extrapolation of its results are complex. We intend to evaluate our model more thoroughly, similar to other projects in our environment.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Espanha
16.
Pharmacology ; 90(5-6): 316-23, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23037569

RESUMO

The present study investigated the hypothesis that the duration of ovarian hormone deprivation before reintroduction of oestrogen affects the role of oestrogen as a mediator of the contractile function of α(1)-adrenergic receptors. Rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or were sham-operated, and the OVX rats were treated with vehicle (corn oil) or 17ß-oestradiol (E(2)) for 5 days either 10, 28 or 60 days after OVX. The OVX increased phenylephrine- and Ca(2+)-induced contractions. Interestingly, the phenylephrine-induced contractions were increased at each of the three time points, whereas the Ca(2+)-induced contractions were only increased in the 60-day group. E(2) had biphasic effects on phenylephrine- and Ca(2+)-induced contractility. Indeed, E(2) increased contractions in the 10-day group and diminished contractions in the other groups (the increased contractions were avoided by verapamil). These results indicate that E(2) controls α(1)-adrenergic receptor-mediated contractility through effects on L-type Ca(2+) channels in a way that depends on the timing in which the treatment with E(2) is initiated.


Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/fisiologia , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Ovariectomia , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/fisiologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/fisiologia , Cálcio/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores , Verapamil/farmacologia
17.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 5(2): 81-88, 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107378

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir demografía, tipología familiar, apoyo social, estresores y función familiar en gestantes magrebíes de una Zona Básica de Salud. Diseño. Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento: ZBS 5 del Departamento de Salud La Ribera (Valencia). Participantes. Gestantes magrebíes, captadas mediante muestreo consecutivo durante un año, que acepten ser encuestadas. Mediciones Principales. Variables sociodemográficas (edad, años en España, nº de hijos, nº de convivientes, nivel de estudios, trabajo remunerado y tipo familiar), acontecimientos vitales estresantes, apoyo social y función familiar. Instrumentos: encuesta sociodemográfica, genograma, escala de reajuste social (SRRS), escala Duke.UNC-11 y cuestionario APGAR familiar. RESULTADOS. Se entrevistaron 45 mujeres (medias de 28,42 años de edad y 3,44 años en España). La mediana de número de hijos fue 1, y la de convivientes en el domicilio 3. Destaca un 26,7% con trabajo remunerado y 28,9% sin estudios; sólo 8,9% tenían estudios superiores. El 68,9% son familias nucleares íntegras y 26,7% nucleares ampliadas. En 36 pacientes se obtuvo el SRRS (media: 179,64) y la escala Duke-UNC-11 (33,22) y en 35 el APGAR familiar (8,09). Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: años en España y APGAR familiar; tipo familiar y apoyo social, y número de convivientes y apoyo social afectivo. CONCLUSIONES. Destaca un alto porcentaje de personas sin estudios y predominio de familias nucleares. Se observa un grado de estrés potencialmente patógeno, apoyo social deficiente y normofunción familiar. Se precisan estudios más amplios y cuestionarios culturalmente adaptados(AU)


Objective. To describe demography, family typology, social support, stressors and family function in immigrant Maghrebian pregnant in a basic health care area. Design. Cross sectional study. Location. ZBS 5 of La Ribera (Valencia) health department. Participants. Pregnant Maghrebian women, recruited by means of consecutive sampling over a year, and who agree to being surveyed. Measures. Sociodemographic variables (age, years in Spain, nº of children, nº of cohabitants, academic level, paid work and family type), stressful life events, social support and family function. Procedures: population survey, genogram, social reorganization scale (SRRS), Duke-UNC-11 scale and APGAR family questionnaire. Results. 45 women were interviewed (average 28.42 years of age and 3.44 years’ residence in Spain). The median number of children was 1, and 3 cohabitants in the home. Figures of 26,7% with paid work and 28,9% without formal eduction stand out. Only 8,9% had received higher education. 68,9% are full nuclear families and 26,7%, extended. En 36 patients, the SRRS (average: 179,64) and the Duke-UNC-11 scale (33,22) were obtained and in 35, the family APGAR (8,09). A statistically significant association was seen between: years of residence in Spain and family APGAR; family type and social support, number of cohabitants, and emotional social support. Conclusions. A high percentage of uneducated people and a predominance of nuclear families stand out. A degree of potentially pathogenic stress, lack of social support and a normal functioning family. Broader studies are needed, as well as culturally adapted questionnaires(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Apoio Social , Enquete Socioeconômica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da Família/normas , Saúde da Família/tendências , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências
19.
Int J Nurs Terminol Classif ; 14(2): 53-64, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12929233

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To validate dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response (DVWR). METHODS: Descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study of 80 patients from three different university hospitals in Spain. FINDINGS: Twenty defining characteristics were associated with DVWR; eight factors from the NANDA model and four non-NANDA factors were associated with the diagnosis. Adventitious breath sounds, decreased air entry on auscultation, anxiety, and adverse environment resulted as predictive variables of dysfunctional response. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of DVWR is high, although clinical nurses do not always recognize it. DVWR has different manifestations and associated factors along the course of the weaning stage, but anxiety is associated with DVWR across the time continuum. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Validation of DVWR for use in nursing clinical practice is supported. Early detection of predictive variables could help to identify DVWR and facilitate the diagnosis in the clinical practice.


Assuntos
Diagnóstico de Enfermagem/normas , Desmame do Respirador/efeitos adversos , Desmame do Respirador/enfermagem , Fatores Etários , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica , Cuidados Críticos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Desmame do Respirador/psicologia
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