Traumatismo esplénico secundario a colonoscopia: una complicación infrecuente

Introducción: La colonoscopia es un procedimiento frecuente y seguro, no exento sin embargo de complicaciones. El traumatismo esplénico es una complicación infrecuente, pero potencialmente mortal. Caso Clínico: Mujer de 75 años, consultaba por dolor y distensión abdominal tras colonoscopia. A la exploración presentaba dolor a la palpación en epigastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo sin irritación peritoneal. La TC urgente informaba de hematoma esplénico de 10 x 2,6 cm sin signos de sangrado activo. Fue tratada de forma conservadora con evolución favorable. Conclusión: El manejo del traumatismo esplénico depende de la estabilidad hemodinámica, el grado de la lesión y la presencia de sangrado activo. En casos seleccionados, el tratamiento conservador constituye una alternativa para evitar cirugías innecesarias, aunque se debe monitorizar al paciente de forma estricta durante 48-72 h en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivo. Aunque la lesión esplénica secundaria a la colonoscopia es una complicación infrecuente, puede presentar alta morbimortalidad si pasa inadvertida.

Introduction: Colonoscopy is a frequent and routine procedure, and even though it is considered safe, it can have complications. The splenic traumatism is an infrequent complication, but potentially mortal. Clinical Case: Woman 75 years old, consulted for abdominal pain and distension after a colonoscopy. Physical examination revealed pain in epigastric and left hypochondrium without peritoneal irritation. Urgent TC scan reported a splenic hematoma of 10 x 2,6 cm, without active bleeding. She received non-operative treatment with a favorable evolution. Conclusion: The management depends on the hemodynamic stability, the grade of injury and the presence of and active bleeding. In selected cases, non-operative treatment is an option that avoids unnecessary surgeries, even if the patient must stay 48-72 h hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit for a strict monitoring of vital signs. Although the splenic injury secondary a colonoscopy is an infrequent complication, it can be potentially mortal if it is not diagnosed.

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: the best surgical option]. / Suprarrenalectomia laparoscópica: la mejor opción de tratamiento quirúrgico.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of suprarenal gland. Nevertheless there is still controversy about the laparoscopic treatment of adrenal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 2005 to April 2012, 37 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed. We describe and analyze retrospectively: age, sex, side, indication for surgery, tumor size, length of hospital stay, complications and conversion rate. RESULTS: 37 Patients, 19 male and 18 female, aged 51.72 ± 14.42 years, were operated on between 2005 and 2012. Twenty-two left-sided lesions (59.45%) and 15 right-sided lesions (40.54%) were operated on. The indications for surgery were non-functioning adenoma larger than 4 cm or rapid growth and hormone-secreting tumours. The diagnosis was confirmed in all the cases with computed tomography and or magnetic resonance imaging and also metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy if pheochromocytoma was suspected. In all the cases we realized a complete pre-operative hormonal study. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe procedure and gold standard technique for suprarenal surgery. Our experience is very satisfactory, with comparable results to the reference standard open approach.

Antecedentes: la vía de acceso laparoscópico es la técnica de elección en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la glándula suprarrenal, excepto del carcinoma suprarrenal. Objetivo: revisar nuestra experiencia en suprarrenalectomías laparoscópicas por vía lateral transperitoneal efectuadas entre los años 2005 y 2012. Material y método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo efectuado mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de 37 pacientes con diagnóstico, al alta, de tumor adrenal y a quienes se hizo adrenalectomía laparoscópica entre abril de 2005 y abril de 2012. Se consideraron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, lateralidad, indicación quirúrgica, resultados anatomopatológicos, tamaño de la lesión, estancia hospitalaria, tasa de conversión y complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados: durante el periodo de estudio se intervinieron 37pacientes (19 varones y 18 mujeres) con edad media de 51.72 ± 14.42 años. Se realizaron 22adrenalectomías izquierdas (59.45%) y 15 derechas (40.54%). Las indicaciones de suprarrenalectomía fueron: incidentaloma mayor de 4 cm o con crecimiento rápido y tumores productores de hormonas. El diagnóstico se confirmó con tomografía computada, resonancia magnética, o ambas, y con gammagrafía metaiodobencilguanidina en el caso de sospecha de feocromocitoma y estudio hormonal completo en todos los pacientes. Conclusiones: la suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica sigue siendo la técnica de elección en el tratamiento de pacientes con afectación de la glándula suprarrenal porque ha demostrado ser segura y eficaz, como quedó confirmado en nuestra serie, que tuvo resultados similares a los de la bibliografía.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis]. / Colecistectomía laparoscópica en una paciente con situs inversus totalis.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case with situs inversus totalis (SIT) and chronic cholelithiasis solved by laparoscopic surgery, outlining the utility of minimal invasive surgery and specific considerations in patients with anatomic variations. CASE REPORT: A case of a 46 year-old female who presented with a six-month history of abdominal colic pain at the left hypochondrium, accompanied with nausea and vomiting, is presented. On examination she had epigastric tenderness. Blood tests, including liver function tests, were normal. Electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy, in keeping with dextrocardia. Chest-X-Ray confirmed the diagnosis of dextrocardia. An ultrasound scan of the upper abdomen identified the gallbladder containing stones in the left upper quadrant. A CT scan visualized the spleen and the gastric camera in the right upper quadrant. Barium gastrointestinal transit, barium enema and abdominal-X-Ray were used as complementary diagnostic studies. A magnetic resonance cholangiography was not performed because the patient suffered from claustrophobia. Cholecystectomy and transcystic cholangiography were performed by laparoscopic route, taking care to set-up the operating theatre in the mirror image of the normal set-up for cholecystectomy. The patient completed a successful procedure without complications and was discharged 48 hours after the procedure. Histological exam diagnosed a chronic lithiasic cholecystitis. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an adequate surgical procedure for patients with total situs inversus and cholelithiasis, having a high security range. Detailed clinical examination is important for the diagnosis of previously unknown anatomic variations. Transcystic cholangiography is mandatory when a magnetic resonance cholangiography can not be performed. Furthermore, perhaps in this situation a left-handed surgeon is better prepared than a right-handed one to comfortably carry out the procedure.