Maternal and Neonatal Prognostic Factors for Cardiorespiratory Events in Healthy Term Neonates During Early Skin-to-Skin Contact.

Background: During early skin-to-skin contact (ESSC), alterations in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) have been frequently observed. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of cardiorespiratory events (CREs) during ESSC in healthy term newborns (HTNs) and estimate the association of maternal and neonatal prognostic factors with the risk of CREs. Methods: A pooled analysis of the cohort from a clinical trial involving healthy mother-child dyads during ESSC was performed. Pulse oximetry was employed to continuously monitor SpO2 and HR within 2 h after birth. The individual and combined prognostic relevance of the demographic and clinical characteristics of dyads for the occurrence of a CRE (SpO2 <91% or HR <111 or >180 bpm) was analyzed through logistic regression models. Results: Of the 254 children assessed, 169 [66.5%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 60.5-72.5%] had at least one CRE. The characteristics that increased the risk of CRE were maternal age ≥35 years (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.19-4.09), primiparity (1.96; 1.03-3.72), gestational body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (1.92; 1.05-3.53), and birth time between 09:00 p.m. and 08:59 a.m. (2.47; 1.02-5.97). Conclusion: CREs were more frequent in HTNs born during nighttime and in HTNs born to first-time mothers, mothers ≥35 years, and mothers with a gestational BMI >25 kg/m2. These predictor variables can be determined during childbirth. Identification of neonates at higher risk of developing CREs would allow for closer surveillance during ESSC.

Economic impact of obstetric events on women of reproductive age living with psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and psoriasis in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual cost associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, from the perspective of the National Healthcare System. METHODS: A cost-analysis was developed to estimate the impact associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The analysis considered complications during fertility and conception, in pregnancy and in the postpartum. All parameters were validated and agreed by a multidisciplinary expert panel. Unitary costs (€,2019) were obtained from national, local databases. RESULTS: During fertility and conception, an annual cost per patient of €229 was estimated for a preconception consultation in a patient with PSO, of €3642 for a preconception consultation in patients with PsA, RA and axSpA and €4339 for assisted reproduction. Women with complications in pregnancy had an annual cost per patient of €1214 for a miscarriage in the first trimester, €4419 for a late miscarriage in the second trimester, €11,260 for preeclampsia €3188 for restricted intrauterine growth and €12,131 for threat of premature delivery. In the postpartum, an annual cost per patient of €120,364, €44,709, and €5507 were estimated associated with admissions to neonatology of premature infants of <28, 28-32 and 33-37 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides insight on the economic burden of complications associated with women of reproductive age for immune-mediated diseases (PSO, PsA, RA, axSpA). Individualization of treatment, additional and close monitoring may reduce the risk and burden of these complications.

Impacto económico asociado a eventos obstétricos en mujeres en edad fértil con artritis psoriásica, artritis reumatoide, espondiloartritis axial y psoriasis en España / Economic Impact of Obstetric Events on Women of Reproductive Age Living With Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriasis in Spain

Objetivo: Estimar el coste anual asociado a eventos obstétricos que pueden experimentar mujeres en edad fértil con enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas, desde la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Métodos: Se desarrolló un análisis de costes para estimar el impacto anual por paciente asociado a eventos obstétricos en mujeres en edad reproductiva con artritis psoriásica (APs), artritis reumatoide (AR), espondiloartritis axial (EspAax) y psoriasis (PsO). Se consideraron eventos durante la fertilidad, la concepción, el embarazo y el posparto. Todos los parámetros fueron validados y consensuados por un panel multidisciplinar de expertos. Los costes unitarios (€, 2019) se obtuvieron de bases de datos nacionales. Resultados: Durante la fertilidad y concepción, se estimó un coste anual/paciente de 229€ para una consulta preconcepcional en pacientes con PsO, de 3.642€ en pacientes con APs, AR y EspAax y de 4.339€ para reproducción asistida. En el embarazo, el coste anual/paciente fue de 1.214€ para un aborto espontáneo en el 1.er trimestre, 4.419€ para un aborto tardío en el 2.o trimestre, 11.260€ para preeclampsia, 3.188€ para crecimiento intrauterino retardado y 12.131€ para amenaza de parto prematuro. En el posparto, se estimó un coste anual/paciente de 120.364, 44.709 y 5.507€ para prematuridad de<28, 28-32 y 33-37 semanas, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Este análisis facilita información sobre la carga económica de los eventos en mujeres en edad reproductiva con APs, AR, EspAax y PsO. Una adecuada planificación junto con la individualización del manejo, el tratamiento y la monitorización adicional pueden reducir el riesgo y la carga de estos eventos.(AU)

Objective: To estimate the annual cost associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, from the perspective of the National Healthcare System. Methods: A cost-analysis was developed to estimate the impact associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The analysis considered complications during fertility and conception, in pregnancy and in the postpartum. All parameters were validated and agreed by a multidisciplinary expert panel. Unitary costs (€, 2019) were obtained from national, local databases. Results: During fertility and conception, an annual cost per patient of €229 was estimated for a preconception consultation in a patient with PSO, of €3,642 for a preconception consultation in patients with PsA, RA and axSpA and €4,339 for assisted reproduction. Women with complications in pregnancy had an annual cost per patient of €1,214 for a miscarriage in the first trimester, €4,419 for a late miscarriage in the second trimester, €11,260 for preeclampsia €3,188 for restricted intrauterine growth and €12,131 for threat of premature delivery. In the postpartum, an annual cost per patient of €120,364, €44,709, and €5,507 were estimated associated with admissions to neonatology of premature infants of <28, 28-32 and 33-37 weeks, respectively. Conclusions: This analysis provides insight on the economic burden of complications associated with women of reproductive age for immune-mediated diseases (PSO, PsA, RA, axSpA). Individualization of treatment, additional and close monitoring may reduce the risk and burden of these complications.(AU)

Mother's Bed Incline and Desaturation Episodes in Healthy Term Newborns during Early Skin-to-Skin Contact: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Early skin-to-skin contact (ESSC) is associated with rare, sudden, unexpected postnatal collapse episodes. Placing the newborn in ESSC closer to an upright position may reduce the risk of airway obstruction and improve respiratory mechanics. This study assessed whether a greater inclination of the mother's bed during ESSC would reduce the proportion of healthy term newborns (HTNs) who experienced episodes of pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) <91%. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of the mother's bed incline, 45° versus 15°, on desaturation in HTNs during ESSC. Before delivery on 1,271 dyads, randomization was conducted, and stringent criteria to select healthy mothers and term newborns were monitored until after birth. Preductal SpO2 was continuously monitored between 10 min and 2 h after birth. The primary outcome was the occurrence of at least one episode of SpO2 <91%. RESULTS: 254 (20%) mother-infant dyads were eligible for analysis (45°, n = 126; 15°, n = 128). Overall, 57% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51%-63%) of newborns showed episodes of SpO2 <91%. The proportion of infants with SpO2 <91% episodes was 52% in 45° and 62% in 15° (relative risk: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.6-1.07). CONCLUSIONS: We did not show that a high mother bed inclination during ESSC led to significantly fewer HTNs who experienced episodes of SpO2 <91%. Desaturation episodes from 10 min to 2 h after birth occurred in more than half of HTNs.

Economic Impact of Obstetric Events on Women of Reproductive Age Living With Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriasis in Spain. / Impacto económico asociado a eventos obstétricos en mujeres en edad fértil con artritis psoriásica, artritis reumatoide, espondiloartritis axial y psoriasis en España.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual cost associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, from the perspective of the National Healthcare System. METHODS: A cost-analysis was developed to estimate the impact associated with obstetric events in women of reproductive age with psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The analysis considered complications during fertility and conception, in pregnancy and in the postpartum. All parameters were validated and agreed by a multidisciplinary expert panel. Unitary costs (€, 2019) were obtained from national, local databases. RESULTS: During fertility and conception, an annual cost per patient of €229 was estimated for a preconception consultation in a patient with PSO, of €3,642 for a preconception consultation in patients with PsA, RA and axSpA and €4,339 for assisted reproduction. Women with complications in pregnancy had an annual cost per patient of €1,214 for a miscarriage in the first trimester, €4,419 for a late miscarriage in the second trimester, €11,260 for preeclampsia €3,188 for restricted intrauterine growth and €12,131 for threat of premature delivery. In the postpartum, an annual cost per patient of €120,364, €44,709, and €5,507 were estimated associated with admissions to neonatology of premature infants of <28, 28-32 and 33-37 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides insight on the economic burden of complications associated with women of reproductive age for immune-mediated diseases (PSO, PsA, RA, axSpA). Individualization of treatment, additional and close monitoring may reduce the risk and burden of these complications.

What is the impact of mother's bed incline on episodes of decreased oxygen saturation in healthy newborns in skin-to-skin contact after delivery: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Early mother-child skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in the first 2 h postpartum is highly beneficial for both mother and child. However, cases have been reported of newborns who have experienced apparently life-threatening events (ALTEs) or sudden death during this procedure. The causes of these events are unknown. Newborn's prone position could influence the onset of these events but there is very little evidence to support any recommendation. We hypothesize that newborns' breathing obstruction episodes increase as mothers lie more horizontally. The main objective of this study is to compare the occurrence of desaturation and bradycardia episodes as a function of mother's bed incline. The study is designed as a randomized, controlled, assessor blind, multicenter, superiority trial with two parallel groups and 1:1 allocation ratio. METHODS: The study participants will be full-term healthy mother-newborn dyads from ten hospitals in Spain. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two study arms defined by mother's bed inclination (45° or 15°). The planned sample size is 5866. Centralized permuted blocks randomization and assessor blinding will be implemented. The newborns will be monitored remotely with pulse oximetry, from 10 min to 2 h after delivery. We established SO2 and heart rate (HR) limit alarms, as well as an action protocol in the event of alarm activation. The primary outcome is the number of healthy newborns who undergo episodes of SO2 ≤ 90%. Secondary outcomes are the mean SO2 level, the number of newborns who experience episodes of SO2 ≤ 85%, the time to SSC discontinuation due to abnormal SO2 or HR, and episodes of HR < 111 beats per minute (bpm) or > 180 bpm. Subgroups and pooled analysis will be performed to identify if breast-feeding and mother and child positions favor the occurrence of desaturation or bradycardia episodes. DISCUSSION: A simple intervention such as modifying mother's bed angle of inclination while in SSC with her child during the first 2 h postpartum could favor newborn's hemodynamic and respiratory stabilization and thus contribute to reducing the onset of ALTEs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02585492 . Registered on 22nd October 2015. PROTOCOL VERSION: 2 (30th June 2015).