RESUMO
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is the etiologic agent of an emerging disease in the Western Hemisphere that can be transmitted to humans by blood transfusion. WNV first appeared in the United States in 1999, in Canada in 2001, and in Mexico in 2002. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine the prevalence of WNV in blood donors in Mexico as a first step in preventing its transfusion-associated transmission. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In July and August 2004, a total of 3856 fresh plasma specimens collected from each state's center for blood transfusion in 29 of 31 Mexican states were screened with an investigational WNV assay (Procleix,(R) Gen-Probe Inc. and Chiron Corp.), a nucleic acid test based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA). Reactive specimens were confirmed with a second TMA-based test, the alternative WNV assay (Gen-Probe), and with WNV capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. In addition, 3714 frozen plasma samples collected in 2002 and 2003 were similarly tested. RESULTS: One of 3856 fresh samples from an asymptomatic donor from Chihuahua was reactive by both TMA-based tests and IgM ELISA, suggesting a recently acquired infection. The observed percentage of viremic donors blood donors was 0.03 percent. Results from frozen samples were not included in the prevalence calculation and none were TMA-reactive for WNV. CONCLUSIONS: WNV is present in the Mexican blood supply and measures should be taken to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/sangue , RNA Viral/sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/sangue , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Sangue/virologia , Transfusão de Sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/prevenção & controle , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/transmissãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prior to a blood transfusion, we should consider the risk benefit ratio. The literature shows that 18 to 57% of red blood cells, up to 96% of fresh frozen plasma and 26% of platelet concentrates are unnecessarily transfused. The goal of the present work is to know the appropriateness of transfusion at public and private health institutions supported by the Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, retrospective, transverse and descriptive study was carried out by analyzing the requirements of blood products considering the patient's diagnosis, requested blood components, complete blood count, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. The therapeutic indication was considered either adequate or inadequate according to the guidelines for the transfusion therapy of blood products. Descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data were used. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,573 request forms received in year 2001. In 849 cases (55%) the indication was adequate, whereas in 724 (45%) the indication of the blood products was inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that overtransfusion is a common practice. We propose to follow the guidelines already established for the transfusion of blood components in order to avoid iatrogenia due to overtransfusion.
Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Auditoria Médica , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background. Prior to a blood transfusion, we should consider the risk benefit ratio. The literature shows that 18 to 57% of red blood cells, up to 96% of fresh frozen plasma and 26% of platelet concentrates are unnecessarily transfused. The goal of the present work is to know the appropriateness of transfusion at public and private health institutions supported by the Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea . Material and methods. An observational, retrospective, transverse and descriptive study was carried out by analyzing the requirements of blood products considering the patient's diagnosis, requested blood components, complete blood count, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. The therapeutic indication was considered either adequate or inadequate according to the guidelines for the transfusion therapy of blood products. Descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data were used. Results. We analyzed 1,573 request forms received in year 2001. In 849 cases (55%) the indication was adequate, whereas in 724 (45%) the indication of the blood products was inadequate. Conclusions. Our results show that overtransfusion is a common practice. We propose to follow the guidelines already established for the transfusion of blood components in order to avoid iatrogenia due to overtransfusion.
Introducción. Para indicar un componente sanguíneo debe valorarse el riesgo-beneficio, pues la literatura demuestra que de 18 a 57% de las transfusiones de concentrados eritrocitarios, hasta 96% del plasma fresco congelado y 26% de los concentrados plaquetarios llegan a ser innecesarios. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer el apego de la transfusión a las recomendaciones, en instituciones de salud pública y privadas que son apoyadas por el Centro Nacional de la Transfusión SanguíneaMaterial y mètodos.Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo en el Departamento de Fraccionamiento de la Sangre del Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea analizando las solicitudes enviadas por las instituciones de salud. Los parámetros valorados fueron: diagnóstico clínico, componentes sanguíneos solicitados, hemoglobina, hematócrito, cuenta plaquetaria, tiempos de protrombina y tromboplastina parcial activado. La indicación terapèutica se consideró adecuada o inadecuada según las recomendaciones para la terapia transfusional de sangre y sus componentes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos.Resultados.Se analizó una muestra de 1,573 solicitudes del 2001. En 849 (55%) fue adecuada la indicación, mientras que en 724 (45%) la indicación de los productos sanguíneos fue inadecuada.Conclusión.Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo muestran una tendencia importante a la sobretransfusión. Se propone seguir los lineamientos establecidos para la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos y así evitar la iatrogenia asociada.
