Mobilisation of textile waste to recover high added value products and energy for the transition to circular economy.

The textile industry is a major contributor to global waste, with millions of tons of textiles being discarded annually. Material and energy recovery within circular economy offer sustainable solutions to this problem by extending the life cycle of textiles through repurposing, recycling, and upcycling. These initiatives not only reduce waste but also contribute to the reduction of the demand for virgin materials (i.e. cotton, wool), ultimately benefiting the environment and society. The circular economy approach, which aims to recreate environmental, economic, and societal value, is based on three key principles: waste reduction, material circulation, and ecological restoration. Given these difficulties, circularity incorporates the material recovery approach, which is focused on the conversion of waste into secondary raw resources. The goal of this notion is to extract more value from resources by prolonging final disposal as long as feasible. When a textile has outlived its functional life, material recovery is critical for returning the included materials or energy into the manufacturing cycle. The aim of this paper is to examine the material and energy recovery options of main raw materials used in the fashion industry while highlighting the need of close observation of the relation between circularity and material recovery, including the investigation of barriers to the transition towards a truly circular fashion industry. The final results refer to the main barriers of circular economy transition within the industry and a framework is proposed. These insights are useful for academia, engineers, policy makers and other key stakeholders for the clear understanding of the industry from within and highlight beyond circular economy targets, SDGs interactions with energy and material recovery of textile waste (SDG 7, SDG 11, SDG 12 etc.).

Comparing the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE).

Substance use disorder (SUD) assessment and measurement in Brazil, as well as in many other countries, face significant shortcomings. The Measurement in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE) was developed as a public domain tool, drawing from validated scales and incorporating World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. The Brazilian version of the MATE (MATE-pt-BR) was evaluated for its reliability and validity, with a total of 239 subjects participating in the study, and data collected between 11/01/2021 and 09/01/2022. The majority were male (79.2%), with diverse racial backgrounds. The substances most prevalently used in the last 30 days were. Alcohol (73.2%), nicotine (63.6%), and cocaine (44.2%). The mean scores for MATE modules showed variations, with Module Q2 assessing psychological well-being having high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92). MATE-pt-BR demonstrated robust internal consistency, with Module 6 (personality) and Module 2 (medical and psychiatric consultation indicators) being exceptions. MATE-pt-BR exhibited significant correlations among its sections and strong discriminant validity. Moreover, the paper compares MATE-pt-BR with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6), which is considered the gold-standard measure for SUD assessments. MATE-pt-BR offers a valuable tool for assessing substance use and related functional impairments in the Brazilian context.

A genomic landscape of mitochondrial DNA insertions in the pig nuclear genome provides evolutionary signatures of interspecies admixture.

Nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin (numts) are derived by insertion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the nuclear genome. In this study, we provide, for the first time, a genome picture of numts inserted in the pig nuclear genome. The Sus scrofa reference nuclear genome (Sscrofa10.2) was aligned with circularized and consensus mtDNA sequences using LAST software. A total of 430 numt sequences that may represent 246 different numt integration events (57 numt regions determined by at least two numt sequences and 189 singletons) were identified, covering about 0.0078% of the nuclear genome. Numt integration events were correlated (0.99) to the chromosome length. The longest numt sequence (about 11 kbp) was located on SSC2. Six numts were sequenced and PCR amplified in pigs of European commercial and local pig breeds, of the Chinese Meishan breed and in European wild boars. Three of them were polymorphic for the presence or absence of the insertion. Surprisingly, the estimated age of insertion of two of the three polymorphic numts was more ancient than that of the speciation time of the Sus scrofa, supporting that these polymorphic sites were originated from interspecies admixture that contributed to shape the pig genome.

A next generation semiconductor based sequencing approach for the identification of meat species in DNA mixtures.

The identification of the species of origin of meat and meat products is an important issue to prevent and detect frauds that might have economic, ethical and health implications. In this paper we evaluated the potential of the next generation semiconductor based sequencing technology (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine) for the identification of DNA from meat species (pig, horse, cattle, sheep, rabbit, chicken, turkey, pheasant, duck, goose and pigeon) as well as from human and rat in DNA mixtures through the sequencing of PCR products obtained from different couples of universal primers that amplify 12S and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes. Six libraries were produced including PCR products obtained separately from 13 species or from DNA mixtures containing DNA from all species or only avian or only mammalian species at equimolar concentration or at 1:10 or 1:50 ratios for pig and horse DNA. Sequencing obtained a total of 33,294,511 called nucleotides of which 29,109,688 with Q20 (87.43%) in a total of 215,944 reads. Different alignment algorithms were used to assign the species based on sequence data. Error rate calculated after confirmation of the obtained sequences by Sanger sequencing ranged from 0.0003 to 0.02 for the different species. Correlation about the number of reads per species between different libraries was high for mammalian species (0.97) and lower for avian species (0.70). PCR competition limited the efficiency of amplification and sequencing for avian species for some primer pairs. Detection of low level of pig and horse DNA was possible with reads obtained from different primer pairs. The sequencing of the products obtained from different universal PCR primers could be a useful strategy to overcome potential problems of amplification. Based on these results, the Ion Torrent technology can be applied for the identification of meat species in DNA mixtures.

Operación radical versus conservadora en algunos quistes hidáticos hepáticos: conducta con la adventicia / Radical vs. conservative surgery in some hydatic hepatic cysts: management of the adventitia

La adventicia de los quistes hidáticos del hígado evolucionados adquiere caracteres físicos de engrosamiento escleroso y calcificación que la hacen proclive a la infección y gravan los procedimientos operatorios que la abandonan total o parcialmente (quistectomía parcial). Ello da lugar a la propuesta de recurrir en todos los casos a la quistectomía total que elimina ese riesgo y crea otros. Es preciso discriminar el tipo de quistes que por aquellas características de su adventicia -y teniendo en cuenta también su tamaño y topografía- se prestan a la discusión entre su tratamiento conservador o radical o ambos. La infección posoperatoria de la adventicia residual tiene como causas principales la retención cavitaria en los procedimientos cerrados y la bilirragia cuando existe una comunicación quisto biliar. Si se evitan estas causales se puede tener una evolución con tolerancia de los restos de adventicia hidática en las quistectomías parciales. Lo que es perfectamente factible tan pronto se logre: 1) mantener la cavidad abierta hacia el peritoneo; 2) realizar la desconexión quisto-biliar; 3) evitar la colocación de tubos intracavitarios, 4) administrar antibioticoterapia preventiva. En contrapartida se resaltan los riesgos inconvenientes de las quistectomías totales

Estudio epidemiológico de hidatidosis: detección precoz por ultrasonido en áreas de alto riesgo / Epidemiologic survey of hidatidosis: early detection by ultrasound in high risk areas

6027 personas de siete poblaciones de "alto riesgo" en hidatidosis, del medio rural uruguayo, fueron sometidas a una encuesta epidemiológica y a relevamientos ecográficos hepáticos. Las encuestas demostraron que las condiciones siguen dadas para el automantenimiento de la enfermedad. El seguimiento y confirmación quirúrgica de la hidatidosis hepática en las personas con imágenes quísticas positivas, lleva a establecer un índice promedio de prevalencia en las poblaciones examinadas de 13,9 por mil. En 3593 microrradiografías realizadas concomitantemente no se encontraron quistes pulmonares. El predominio de las imágenes hialinas hepáticas en todos los grupos etarios nos habilita a afirmar que la enfermedad continúa siendo adquirida a lo largo de toda la vida. La frecuencia y el riesgo relativo son tanto mayores en el sexo masculino y a medida que aumenta la edad. El ultrasonido es un método idóneo para lograr su diagnóstico precoz. La existencia de un alto número de imágenes hialinas pequeñas(<5cm.) intrahepáticas, no pasibles de tratamiento quirúrgico llevó a establecer una instancia de vigilancia clínica y ecográfica sobre ellas. Este estudio nos permite reflejar con mejores bases la real prevalencia de la hidatidosis en aquellas poblaciones expuestas, llegar al diagnóstico en la etapa más útil antes de que aparezcan complicaciones y establecer un plan proyectivo para englobar a toda la campaña de este programa de atención primara en salud