RESUMO
Introducción. Algunos estudios revelan la participación del procesamiento lingüístico en la resolución de problemas matemáticos, subrayando su papel en la representación y en el procesamiento de información. Estas investigaciones no suelen considerar población en edades tempranas. Objetivos. Este estudio tiene un doble objetivo: analizar la influencia lingüística en resolución de problemas matemáticos en la etapa de educación infantil y analizar qué habilidades lingüísticas explican significativamente por sí solas la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Método. Participaron 76 niños españoles que cursaban tercero de educación infantil. Se evaluaron habilidades semánticas, morfosintácticas y conciencia fonológica, memoria verbal y velocidad de procesamiento verbal. El rendimiento en resolución de problemas se evaluó por medio de problemas de operaciones lógicas y a través de problemas con enunciados orales con y sin apoyo visual. Resultados. Las habilidades lingüísticas correlacionaron significativamente con las habilidades de resolución de problemas que involucran el pensamiento lógico y problemas con enunciado verbal, con y sin apoyo visual. Las habilidades lingüísticas, en conjunto, se relacionan con la resolución de problemas, explicando un incremento significativo de varianza adicional a la explicada por el nivel de inteligencia. La conciencia fonológica resulta ser la habilidad lingüística que mejor predice el rendimiento en problemas con enunciados sin apoyo de material concreto. Conclusiones. La conciencia fonológica es buen indicador de la calidad de las representaciones fonológicas que permiten manipular la información lingüística contenida en problemas matemáticos a edades tempranas. Estos hallazgos tienen relevancia en procesos de aprendizaje matemático, tanto en población con desarrollo típico como con dificultades de procesamiento fonológico
Introduction. Solving mathematical problems requires a number of different skills. Several studies have highlighted the role of language processing in problem solving through its influence on mental representation and information processing in mathematical problems. However, these studies usually focus on the primary school years and less often on children at preschool level. Objectives. The objective of this study was twofold: to analyse the effect of linguistic competence on problem solving in mathematics at the kindergarten stage and to identify which specific language skills are most closely associated with problem-solving skill. Method. The sample included 76 children attending a kindergarten third grade class. Composed measures of semantic and morphosyntactic skills, phonological awareness, verbal memory and processing speed were formed from the CELF subscales. Problem-solving skill was assessed by asking children to solve a range of different mathematical problems involving Piagetian logical operations, and word problems with and without accompanying visual representations. Results. Linguistic skills correlated significantly with skill in solving problems involving logical thinking, and verbal statement problems with and without visual representation. Linguistic skills predicted children problem-solving skills as they accounted for additional variance beyond that accounted for by IQ. Phonological awareness was the single best predictor of scores in solving word problems without visual support. Conclusions. Phonological awareness is a good indicator of the quality of phonological representations that allow manipulation of the linguistic information contained in mathematical problems at an early age. These findings have practical consequences for helping children to achieve normative development and for children with phonological processing difficulties
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , 35172 , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Matemática/educação , Resolução de Problemas , Fonoaudiologia/educação , Testes de Inteligência , Linguística/educação , Escalas de Wechsler/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Pensamento , Testes de AptidãoRESUMO
A pesar de que un 26% de niños con TDAH tiene una dificultad específica en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas (DAM) las investigaciones han sido escasas. El presente estudio se planteó estudiar: 1) el perfil de los niños con TDAH+DAM en habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas de cálculo y solución de problemas, en comparación con niños con TDAH, niños con DAM, y niños sin problemas; 2) la severidad del déficit en funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en niños con TDAH+DAM. Al comparar los grupos DAM, TDAH, TDAH+DAM y grupo de niños sin problemas, los resultados mostraron un claro déficit cognitivo y metacognitivo en el rendimiento matemático del grupo TDAH+DAM que además experimentaba una afectación más severa del FE que el grupo TDAH sin DAM (AU)
Even though 26% of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a specific mathematic learning difficulty (MLD), the studies have been scarce. The present study had the following goals: 1) to study the profile related to cognitive and metacognitive skills implied in calculation and problem-solving in children with ADHD+MLD, and to compare them in children with ADHD, children with MLD, and children without problems; 2) to study the severity of the deficit in executive function (EF) in children with ADHD+MLD. Comparing the groups MLD, ADHD, ADHD+MLD, and children without problems, the results highlighted that children with ADHD+MLD showed a cognitive and metacognitive deficit in mathematic achievement. Furthermore, results showed a more severe deficit in the EF in children with ADHD+MLD (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Aptidão , Matemática/educação , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Função Executiva , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Mathematical abilities and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in mathematics. Even though 26% of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a specific mathematic learning difficulty (MLD), the studies have been scarce. The present study had the following goals: 1) to study the profile related to cognitive and metacognitive skills implied in calculation and problem-solving in children with ADHD+MLD, and to compare them in children with ADHD, children with MLD, and children without problems; 2) to study the severity of the deficit in executive function (EF) in children with ADHD+MLD. Comparing the groups MLD, ADHD, ADHD+MLD, and children without problems, the results highlighted that children with ADHD+MLD showed a cognitive and metacognitive deficit in mathematic achievement. Furthermore, results showed a more severe deficit in the EF in children with ADHD+MLD.
