Declines in coastal macrozooplankton communities within a recent climate and ocean tipping point in the Tropical South Atlantic.

This study investigated whether variations in climate and ocean drivers on global, regional, and local scales affected macrozooplankton communities in a coastal protected area in Tamandaré Bay (northeastern Brazil). For this purpose, bimonthly field campaigns were carried out from June 2013 to August 2019. A significant tipping point (point of change, p < 0.001), with an abrupt increase in SST, was detected in the TSA (Tropical South Atlantic) index. This indicates the existence of a climate regime shift in the Tropical South Atlantic during the 2015/16 El Niño (EN) event. Extreme rainfall events were observed in Tamandaré Bay after this EN event, in 2017, 2018, and in 2019 (and more recently, in 2022). This extreme rainfall led to low-salinity events, increased variability in salinity, and significantly lower abundances in the period after the strong EN event, for socioeconomically relevant penaeid shrimp postlarvae and several other zooplankton groups (e.g., copepods, appendicularians, anomuran hermit crab larvae, and chaetognaths). We found a significant relationship between SSTs in the TSA region and penaeid shrimp recruitment in the study area, located leewards of the TSA index area. The decline in shrimp postlarvae and other macrozooplankton may be due to a combination of factors, such as climate and ocean shifts (atmospheric easterly waves disturbances, winds, precipitation, salinity) and possibly increasing marine pollution (related to extreme rainfall events, that convey macro- and microplastics, and pollutants from the continent). Cnidarian medusae and fish eggs were among the few "winners" of this ecosystem regime shift. Changes in climate, ocean, macrozooplankton, and shrimp postlarvae abundance evidence a relevant climate, ocean and ecosystem regime shift in this region with a tipping point during 2015/16 "Godzilla" El Niño. Possible future consequences in the context of persistent warming in the TSA region and the currently ongoing record strength 2023/24 EN event are discussed.

Life cycle analysis to evaluate the productive chain of fish consumed in the Bahia State (Brazil) / Análise do ciclo de vida para avaliar a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no estado da Bahia (Brazil)

We evaluated the productive chain of fish consumed in the State of Bahia using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We estimated the inputs and outputs from logistics and fish processing. For every kg of processed and transported fish we calculated the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) given in kg of CO2eq, as follows: 0.020 electricity; 0.003 water consumption; 0.002 wastewater; 0.160 and 1.495 waste from the gutted and filleted fish, respectively; 0.871 and 1.007 refrigerated transportation of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. The sum of GHG emissions were 1.058 and 2.592 kg of CO2eq per kg of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. LCA results indicate that it is possible to reduce the GWP associated with refrigerated transportation by increasing local fish production and decreasing importation, especially given the available water potential of Bahia. However, to achieve a sustainable production it is imperative to adopt and also develop technologies that promote environmental impact reduction from solid residues.(AU)

Avaliamos a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no Estado da Bahia utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Estimamos os consumos e emissões associados à logística e ao processamento do peixe. O Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG) foi calculado com base na quantidade de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE) indicadas por kg de CO2eq para cada kg de peixe processado foram: 0,020 - eletricidade; 0,003 consumo de água; 0,0029 efluentes; 0,160 e 1,495 resíduos sólidos para os peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente, e 0,871 e 1,007 transporte refrigerado dos peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente. O somatório do impacto das emissões de GEE foram 1,058 e 2,529 kg de CO2eq por kg de peixe eviscerado e filetado, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que é possível reduzir o PAG do transporte refrigerado com o aumento da produção local de peixe e redução das importações, especialmente considerando o potencial hídrico da Bahia. Entretanto, a produção sustentável requer a adoção e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reduzir os impactos ambientais do tratamento dos resíduos sólidos da etapa de processamento.(AU)

Life cycle analysis to evaluate the productive chain of fish consumed in the Bahia State (Brazil) / Análise do ciclo de vida para avaliar a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no estado da Bahia (Brazil)

We evaluated the productive chain of fish consumed in the State of Bahia using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We estimated the inputs and outputs from logistics and fish processing. For every kg of processed and transported fish we calculated the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) given in kg of CO2eq, as follows: 0.020 electricity; 0.003 water consumption; 0.002 wastewater; 0.160 and 1.495 waste from the gutted and filleted fish, respectively; 0.871 and 1.007 refrigerated transportation of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. The sum of GHG emissions were 1.058 and 2.592 kg of CO2eq per kg of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. LCA results indicate that it is possible to reduce the GWP associated with refrigerated transportation by increasing local fish production and decreasing importation, especially given the available water potential of Bahia. However, to achieve a sustainable production it is imperative to adopt and also develop technologies that promote environmental impact reduction from solid residues.

Avaliamos a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no Estado da Bahia utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Estimamos os consumos e emissões associados à logística e ao processamento do peixe. O Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG) foi calculado com base na quantidade de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE) indicadas por kg de CO2eq para cada kg de peixe processado foram: 0,020 - eletricidade; 0,003 consumo de água; 0,0029 efluentes; 0,160 e 1,495 resíduos sólidos para os peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente, e 0,871 e 1,007 transporte refrigerado dos peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente. O somatório do impacto das emissões de GEE foram 1,058 e 2,529 kg de CO2eq por kg de peixe eviscerado e filetado, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que é possível reduzir o PAG do transporte refrigerado com o aumento da produção local de peixe e redução das importações, especialmente considerando o potencial hídrico da Bahia. Entretanto, a produção sustentável requer a adoção e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reduzir os impactos ambientais do tratamento dos resíduos sólidos da etapa de processamento.