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2.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 110(11): 2411-2421, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35587251

RESUMO

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel chains were crosslinked by polyurethane in order to synthesize a suitable substrate for cartilage lesions. The substrate was fully characterized, and in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted based on a sheep model. In vitro tests were performed based on the chondrocyte cells with the Alcian Blue and safranin O staining in order to prove the presence of proteoglycan on the surface of the synthesized substrate, which has been secreted by cultures of chondrocytes. Furthermore, the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9 was presented in the chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate through RT-PCR. In addition, the H&E analysis and other related tests demonstrated the formation of neocartilage tissue in a sheep model. The results were found to be promising for cartilage tissue engineering and verified that the isolated chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate retain their original composition.


Assuntos
Condrócitos , Poliuretanos , Agrecanas/metabolismo , Azul Alciano/metabolismo , Animais , Cartilagem , Células Cultivadas , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo II , Poliuretanos/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Ovinos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Alicerces Teciduais
3.
Vet Med Sci ; 7(5): 1718-1727, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34146385

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Teratogenic viral infections may proceed to hydranencephaly in cattle. Post-mortem and antemortem diagnosis can be achieved by necropsy or ultrasonography, CT-scan and MRI techniques. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine how effective ultrasonography approach is in detecting hydranencephaly in calves. METHODS: In this study, ultrasonography images were obtained from brains of nine Holstein claves, of the same age, with neurological signs (due to Akabane virus infection), approaching from the caudal part of the temporal bone. To confirm the obtained images, the same approach was used to obtain images from a normal calf of the same age. The thickness of the temporal bone was measured and compared in seven affected and the healthy calves, using CT-scan images. RESULTS: In ultrasonographic images, temporal bone (as a hyperechoic structure) and temporal cortical mantle (as an echogenic structure) were noted in the right and left side of the skull. The medial part of the image showed presence of fluid in an anechoic region, instead of brain parenchyma. Falx cerebri was also seen as a floating hyperechoic line in the middle part in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the thickness of temporal bone in normal and affected calves (p = 0.502). All findings were confirmed by necropsy. CONCLUSIONS: Transtemporal approach is a novel and easy approach to study the brain in calves. This is the first study on the hydranencephalic brains of claves, using ultrasonography by transtemporal approach.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae , Doenças dos Bovinos , Hidranencefalia , Animais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidranencefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidranencefalia/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária
5.
Diagn Pathol ; 9: 223, 2014 Nov 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25425524

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The present study describes the pathologic changes in the brain and the spinal cord of aborted, stillbirth and deformities of newborn lambs infected with viral agents. METHODS: From February 2012 to March 2013, a total of 650 aborted fetuses from 793 pregnant ewes were studied from 8 flocks at different areas in the Mazandaran province in the north of Iran. And randomly, systematic necropsy was performed to collect tissues, and all gross abnormalities were recorded at necropsy by the pathologist .Nevertheless, we conducted a limited number of necropsies for aborted fetuses. RESULTS: In the most cases, arthrogryposis was the most common musculoskeletal defects and at necropsy, malformations of the brain included hydranencephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia, mainly in the brain stem and gray and white matter of the brain and cerebellum were observed. Histopathologic lesions included chronic multifocal lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis(nonsuppurative) with extensive perivascular cuffing in some cases, formation of glial nodules mainly in the mesencephalon, thalamus, hippocampus, pons and medulla oblongata in the brain of aborted fetuses, and neuronal degeneration, necrosis and central chromatolysis mainly in the cortex and subcortical of the brain and brain stem regions of them. Furthermore, microscopic lesions are mostly linked to a neurodegenerative and necrotic cell death process in the gray matter of ventral horn of the spinal cord. Briefly, histopathologic findings in the brain and spinal cord included hyperemia, hemorrhage, non-suppurative encephalitis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, multifocal gliosis, cavitation, central chromatolysis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, perineuronal and perivascular edema in the all regions of the brain and acute neuronal necrosis in the gray matter of ventral horn of the spinal cord were also seen. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that the sheep fetuses are fully susceptible to viral infections and may even develop neurolopathological lesions upon natural infection with mentioned pathogens .Therefore ,according to,specific lesions caused by viral infections, we believe that the histopathological pattern were detected in this study could be associated with either viral infection and or mainly by a Bunyavirus / or Flavivirus strains that extensively shares common lesions with Rift Valley fever ,Wesselsbron ,Cache valley virus / or and Akabaneviruses. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_223.


Assuntos
Aborto Animal/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Flavivirus/veterinária , Microscopia/veterinária , Neuropatologia/métodos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Aborto Animal/virologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Encéfalo/virologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/patologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/virologia , Feminino , Infecções por Flavivirus/patologia , Infecções por Flavivirus/virologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Medula Espinal/anormalidades , Medula Espinal/virologia , Natimorto/veterinária
6.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 43(7): 1385-8, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21509454

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate the normal blood parameters of Iranian fat-tailed sheep (Zandi) and their changes due to rapid liver biopsy technique with a tru-cut biopsy needle. In ten ewe lambs, blood samples were collected from jugular vein and biopsy needle was inserted through the dorsal one third of the 11th intercostal space, on the right hand side of the lambs and liver specimen was collected. Physical examinations were performed on alternate days during the experiment. Blood collection was done on both before (day 1) and after (day 17) the biopsy. All animals were slaughtered at day 17. Values were compared using paired t test. While biopsy did not make any significant changes in mean values of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, total serum protein, AST, ALT, and serum calcium (p > 0.05), it made a significant difference on the values of ALP (p < 0.001), serum inorganic phosphate (p = 0.035), and magnesium (p = 0.013). Necropsy examination revealed the points of hitting the biopsy needles on the diaphragmatic surface of the livers, surrounded by a zone of intense hyperemia. Peritoneal adhesions accompanying with typical strands of fibrous connective tissue between diaphragmatic surface of the liver and adjacent abdominal wall were found in two cases.


Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina/veterinária , Fígado/patologia , Carneiro Doméstico/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Temperatura Corporal , Cálcio/sangue , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Irã (Geográfico) , Leucócitos/citologia , Magnésio/sangue , Fósforo/sangue , Taxa Respiratória
7.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 43(4): 843-9, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21197575

RESUMO

Artemisinin has been used for centuries to treat malaria, intestinal tract helminthosis, diarrhea, and used as an antipyretic and sedative agent, but the usage in veterinary medicine is a new field. Recently, it has been used successfully to control experimental poultry coccidiosis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of artemisinin in broiler chickens with chronic usage. Sixty birds divided into one control and four treatment groups that fed rations mixed with artemisinin at doses of 17, 34, 68, and 136 ppm for 36 days. During the experiment, birds showed no clinical signs except anemia. In microscopic examinations, heart, lung, and spleen had no lesion, but liver, kidney, and brain showed various lesions. Degenerative lesions like intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were seen in both kidney and liver but fatty change was seen only in liver. There was no relationship between severity of the liver lesions and drug dosage. Central chromatolysis, scattered neuronal necrosis, and mild spongy changes were observed in five regions of the brain that were chosen for sectioning (motor cortex, cerebellar nuclei, midbrain nuclei, and hindbrain nuclei at two separate levels). Severity of lesions in brain was dose-dependent, and cerebral cortex was the most vulnerable area. Haematologic tests showed lower values for hematocrit and red blood cell count dose-dependently. In conclusion, artemisinin is a promising drug for prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and its side effects are not too much serious especially at therapeutic doses.


Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/efeitos adversos , Artemisininas/efeitos adversos , Galinhas/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiostáticos/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Artemisininas/administração & dosagem , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/patologia , Coccídios/efeitos dos fármacos , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Coccidiostáticos/administração & dosagem , Coccidiostáticos/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Irã (Geográfico) , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia
8.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 48(1): 193-5, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19808077

RESUMO

Ten ewe lambs (median age 11 months and average weight 29.2+/-2.5 kg) were used in the present study. They were divided into two groups: test (n=5) and control (n=5). Housing and all diets were identical. In the test group vitamin A was injected into the thigh muscle at a daily dose of 5000 IU/kg body weight for 16 days. The average final body weight of sheep in the test group was significantly (P<0.05) less than the control group. All animals were slaughtered at day 17. The lambs' feet were X-rayed to evaluate any difference for radiographic signs between test and control groups. No significant differences were seen for PCV, WBC, differential leukocyte count, and total serum protein between groups. There were no significant differences for serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities and serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium concentrations between groups. Histological examination revealed an increased number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of the stellate cells of the liver in the test group. The results showed that daily administrations of vitamin A approximately 150 times greater than the daily requirement were well tolerated by sheep.


Assuntos
Hipervitaminose A/patologia , Vitamina A/toxicidade , Vitaminas/toxicidade , Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrólitos/sangue , Enzimas/sangue , Feminino , Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Pé/patologia , Hipervitaminose A/diagnóstico por imagem , Injeções Intramusculares , Lipídeos/química , Fígado/patologia , Radiografia , Ovinos , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem
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