Rectal temperature and conception of inseminated crossbred dairy cows / Temperatura retal e concepção de vacas leiteiras mestiças inseminadas

In tropical and subtropical regions animals suffer pronounced heat stress effect on reproductive function, being one of the most noticeable effects the reduction of conception rate. When evaluating animals heat stress, rectal temperature measurement is important tool because indicates heat release mechanisms became insufficient to maintain homeothermy. This study aimed to evaluate body temperature at fixed time artificial insemination of crossbred dairy cows and their conception at 30 days pregnacy. Experiment was performed from April 26, 2010 to January 28, 2012 at Estação Experimental Glória of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, at Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. One hundred-twelve crossbred dairy cows and heifers were used. At the moment of insemination, animals were housed in shaded pen and body temperature was collect using clinical thermometer introduced in rectal mucosa. Environmental variables collect were air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity. Data were analyzed in two different periods: from April to September (mild weather-MW) and from October to March (hot weather-HW). The statistical model included the effect of category, period, pregnancy diagnosis and their interactions, comparing means by Tukeys test, with a significance level of 5%. Means and standard deviations of air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature

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Rectal temperature and conception of inseminated crossbred dairy cows / Temperatura retal e concepção de vacas leiteiras mestiças inseminadas

In tropical and subtropical regions animals suffer pronounced heat stress effect on reproductive function, being one of the most noticeable effects the reduction of conception rate. When evaluating animals heat stress, rectal temperature measurement is important tool because indicates heat release mechanisms became insufficient to maintain homeothermy. This study aimed to evaluate body temperature at fixed time artificial insemination of crossbred dairy cows and their conception at 30 days pregnacy. Experiment was performed from April 26, 2010 to January 28, 2012 at Estação Experimental Glória of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, at Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. One hundred-twelve crossbred dairy cows and heifers were used. At the moment of insemination, animals were housed in shaded pen and body temperature was collect using clinical thermometer introduced in rectal mucosa. Environmental variables collect were air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity. Data were analyzed in two different periods: from April to September (mild weather-MW) and from October to March (hot weather-HW). The statistical model included the effect of category, period, pregnancy diagnosis and their interactions, comparing means by Tukeys test, with a significance level of 5%. Means and standard deviations of air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature

ptmo em português.

Incidence of retained placenta and the consequences on milk production and reproductive efficiency of Holstein cow / Incidência da retenção de placenta e as consequências na produção de leite e na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas holandesas

Background: Retained placenta (RP) is failure on fetal membranes expulsion in first 12 h postpartum. RP promotes delay in uterine involution and resumption of ovarian postpartum activity, besides increasing risk of uterine infections, being the major reason for low fertility of dairy cows. There are many treatments for RP however there are controversies about the efficacy of these methods, thus limited treatments effectiveness emphasize the importance of RP prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parity and calving season in RP incidence, in milk production and in calving to conception interval (CCI), as well as RP effects on these variables. Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected at a farm located in Rio Paranaíba city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil during 2012, whose herd was composed by 700 Holstein dairy cows producing 32 kg of milk production per day. Calving of 291 cows was registered during the experiment period. To diagnose RP occurrence, cows were observed immediately after calving, and when was possible also during calving, and those cows that had not eliminated all of placenta until 12 h after fetal expulsion was considered with RP. The effects of parity and calving season on RP incidence were analyzed by logistic regression, and the effects of parity, calving season and RP occurrence on milk production and on CCI duration were evaluated b

A retenção de placenta (RP) se caracteriza pela falha na eliminação das membranas fetais nas primeiras 12 h após a expulsão do feto, devido à inabilidade de separação da conexão materno-fetal e quando o quadro se instala, a placenta permanece retida em torno de sete dias. Como consequência, há atraso tanto no processo de involução uterina quanto no reinício da atividade ovariana no pós-parto, além de elevar a ocorrência das infecções uterinas, sendo esta a razão principal da baixa fertilidade de vacas leiteiras acometidas por esta patologia. [...]

Incidence of retained placenta and the consequences on milk production and reproductive efficiency of Holstein cow / Incidência da retenção de placenta e as consequências na produção de leite e na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas holandesas

Background: Retained placenta (RP) is failure on fetal membranes expulsion in first 12 h postpartum. RP promotes delay in uterine involution and resumption of ovarian postpartum activity, besides increasing risk of uterine infections, being the major reason for low fertility of dairy cows. There are many treatments for RP however there are controversies about the efficacy of these methods, thus limited treatments effectiveness emphasize the importance of RP prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parity and calving season in RP incidence, in milk production and in calving to conception interval (CCI), as well as RP effects on these variables. Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected at a farm located in Rio Paranaíba city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil during 2012, whose herd was composed by 700 Holstein dairy cows producing 32 kg of milk production per day. Calving of 291 cows was registered during the experiment period. To diagnose RP occurrence, cows were observed immediately after calving, and when was possible also during calving, and those cows that had not eliminated all of placenta until 12 h after fetal expulsion was considered with RP. The effects of parity and calving season on RP incidence were analyzed by logistic regression, and the effects of parity, calving season and RP occurrence on milk production and on CCI duration were evaluated b

A retenção de placenta (RP) se caracteriza pela falha na eliminação das membranas fetais nas primeiras 12 h após a expulsão do feto, devido à inabilidade de separação da conexão materno-fetal e quando o quadro se instala, a placenta permanece retida em torno de sete dias. Como consequência, há atraso tanto no processo de involução uterina quanto no reinício da atividade ovariana no pós-parto, além de elevar a ocorrência das infecções uterinas, sendo esta a razão principal da baixa fertilidade de vacas leiteiras acometidas por esta patologia. [...]

Gynecological and cytological evaluation in Holstein cows with more than three repetitions of estrus / Avaliação ginecológica e citológica em vacas Holandesas com mais de três repetições de cio

The objective of this study was to evaluate the gynecological examination and endometrial cytology in Holstein cows with more than three repetitions of estrus. The experiment was conducted in six commercial dairy herds both with similar reproductive and sanitary managements and assisted by veterinarians. It was included only Holstein cows up to five calving and more than three consecutive repetitions of estrus. Seventy-seven cows were identified and carried gynecological examination and endometrial cytology. The reproductive causes found in this study, subject to involuntary culling, were: clinical endometritis with purulent vaginal discharge and more than 3% neutrophils (7.79%), clinical endometritis with purulent vaginal discharge and less than 3% neutrophils (2.6%), subclinical endometritis (10.4%), urovagina (1.3%) and 77.9% cows with unknown causes and they were not associated with reproductive disorders evaluated. It was concluded: a) the rate of cows without diagnosis is very high and it interferes directly to the reproductive performance; b) the proposed examination diagnosed 22.1% of clinical disorders that might be prevented or treated and thus decreasing the involuntary culling.

AA eficiência reprodutiva é um dos principais fatores envolvidos na viabilidade econômica do setor de criação de bovinos. Objetivou-se realizar a avaliação ginecológica e citológica em vacas Holandesas com mais de três repetições de cio. O experimento foi desenvolvido em seis propriedades leiteiras comerciais, com manejos sanitários e reprodutivos semelhantes e assistidas por médicos veterinários. Foram incluídas apenas vacas da raça Holandesa, até cinco parições e mais de três repetições de cio consecutivas. Na propriedade, os animais foram identificados e procedidos o exame ginecológico e citologia endometrial. No presente estudo foram avaliadas 77 vacas e as causas reprodutivas encontradas em vacas Holandesas sujeitas ao descarte involuntário foram: endometrite clínica com secreção vaginal purulenta e mais que 3% de neutrófilos (7,79%), endometrite clínica com secreção vaginal purulenta e menos que 3% de neutrófilos (2,6%), endometrite subclínica (10,4%), urovagina (1,3%) e 77,9% que não se sabe a causa, porém não está associado aos distúrbios reprodutivos avaliados. Concluiu-se que: a) o índice de vacas que não apresentaram a causa diagnosticada é muito alto e isto interfere diretamente na eficiência reprodutiva; b) o exame proposto diagnosticou 22,1% de distúrbios clínicos que poderiam ser evitados ou tratados e desta forma reduzindo o descarte involuntário.

Comparação das técnicas de citologia endometrial escova citológica e lavado uterino de baixo volume no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras mestiças / Comparative analysis between the cytobrush and low-volume uterine flush techniques for endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum crossbred dairy cows

Objetivou-se comparar duas técnicas frequentemente usadas na colheita de células endometriais e inflamatórias e caracterizar a citologia endometrial (CE) de vacas leiteiras mestiças no pós-parto fisiológico, criadas em sistemas de fazendas leiteiras do sudoeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas clinicamente sadias com parto e puerpério fisiológico, completa involução uterina e sem qualquer tratamento até os 42 dias pós-parto (dpp). Realizou-se o exame clínico e ginecológico no parto e aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dpp. O exame ginecológico foi executado pela palpação retal, ultrassonografia, vaginoscopia, avaliação de muco vaginal e CE realizada com escova citológica (CB) ou por lavado uterino de baixo volume (LVF). A concordância (Kappa statistic) entre os técnicos na contagem da porcentagem de neutrófilos foi boa para CB (86%) e para LVF (80,3%). A média de neutrófilos foi maior em todos os momentos na técnica de LVF, porém a redução de neutrófilos foi observada durante o pós-parto nas duas técnicas de citologia. A contagem de macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos não variou durante o pós-parto e não houve diferença entre as técnicas CB e LVF. Houve diferença apenas aos 28 dpp, na porcentagem de vacas com endometrite subclínica, entre as técnicas CB (22.2%) e LVF (59.3%). 

This study compared two frequently employed techniques for the collection of endometrial and inflammatory cells and characterized postpartum endometrial cytology (EC) of clinically normal postpartum crossbred dairy cows in dairy farming system in Southwestern Brazil. Thirty-four crossbred, clinically healthy dairy cows with normal delivery and puerperium, complete uterine involution and without any treatment were monitored until 42 days in milk (DIM). All cows were evaluated by complete clinical and gynecological examinations at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 DIM. The gynecological examinations were done by transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, evaluation of the vaginal mucus and EC by using the cytobrush (CB) and low-volume uterine flush (LVF) techniques. The agreement (Kappa statistic) between the two technicians was good for CB (86%) and LVF (80.3%) for the counting of the percentage of neutrophils. The average number of neutrophils was significantly higher throughout the experiment for LVF, but a reduced percentage of neutrophils were observed during the postpartum period for both techniques. The amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were not affected during postpartum and there was no significant difference relative to these cells when the two techniques were compared. There were significant differences in the percentage of cows with subclinical

Comparação das técnicas de citologia endometrial escova citológica e lavado uterino de baixo volume no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras mestiças / Comparative analysis between the cytobrush and low-volume uterine flush techniques for endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum crossbred dairy cows

Objetivou-se comparar duas técnicas frequentemente usadas na colheita de células endometriais e inflamatórias e caracterizar a citologia endometrial (CE) de vacas leiteiras mestiças no pós-parto fisiológico, criadas em sistemas de fazendas leiteiras do sudoeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas clinicamente sadias com parto e puerpério fisiológico, completa involução uterina e sem qualquer tratamento até os 42 dias pós-parto (dpp). Realizou-se o exame clínico e ginecológico no parto e aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dpp. O exame ginecológico foi executado pela palpação retal, ultrassonografia, vaginoscopia, avaliação de muco vaginal e CE realizada com escova citológica (CB) ou por lavado uterino de baixo volume (LVF). A concordância (Kappa statistic) entre os técnicos na contagem da porcentagem de neutrófilos foi boa para CB (86%) e para LVF (80,3%). A média de neutrófilos foi maior em todos os momentos na técnica de LVF, porém a redução de neutrófilos foi observada durante o pós-parto nas duas técnicas de citologia. A contagem de macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos não variou durante o pós-parto e não houve diferença entre as técnicas CB e LVF. Houve diferença apenas aos 28 dpp, na porcentagem de vacas com endometrite subclínica, entre as técnicas CB (22.2%) e LVF (59.3%).

This study compared two frequently employed techniques for the collection of endometrial and inflammatory cells and characterized postpartum endometrial cytology (EC) of clinically normal postpartum crossbred dairy cows in dairy farming system in Southwestern Brazil. Thirty-four crossbred, clinically healthy dairy cows with normal delivery and puerperium, complete uterine involution and without any treatment were monitored until 42 days in milk (DIM). All cows were evaluated by complete clinical and gynecological examinations at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 DIM. The gynecological examinations were done by transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, evaluation of the vaginal mucus and EC by using the cytobrush (CB) and low-volume uterine flush (LVF) techniques. The agreement (Kappa statistic) between the two technicians was good for CB (86%) and LVF (80.3%) for the counting of the percentage of neutrophils. The average number of neutrophils was significantly higher throughout the experiment for LVF, but a reduced percentage of neutrophils were observed during the postpartum period for both techniques. The amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were not affected during postpartum and there was no significant difference relative to these cells when the two techniques were compared. There were significant differences in the percentage of cows with subclinical

Gynecological and cytological evaluation in Holstein cows with more than three repetitions of estrus / Avaliação ginecológica e citológica em vacas Holandesas com mais de três repetições de cio

The objective of this study was to evaluate the gynecological examination and endometrial cytology in Holstein cows with more than three repetitions of estrus. The experiment was conducted in six commercial dairy herds both with similar reproductive and sanitary managements and assisted by veterinarians. It was included only Holstein cows up to five calving and more than three consecutive repetitions of estrus. Seventy-seven cows were identified and carried gynecological examination and endometrial cytology. The reproductive causes found in this study, subject to involuntary culling, were: clinical endometritis with purulent vaginal discharge and more than 3% neutrophils (7.79%), clinical endometritis with purulent vaginal discharge and less than 3% neutrophils (2.6%), subclinical endometritis (10.4%), urovagina (1.3%) and 77.9% cows with unknown causes and they were not associated with reproductive disorders evaluated. It was concluded: a) the rate of cows without diagnosis is very high and it interferes directly to the reproductive performance; b) the proposed examination diagnosed 22.1% of clinical disorders that might be prevented or treated and thus decreasing the involuntary culling.

AA eficiência reprodutiva é um dos principais fatores envolvidos na viabilidade econômica do setor de criação de bovinos. Objetivou-se realizar a avaliação ginecológica e citológica em vacas Holandesas com mais de três repetições de cio. O experimento foi desenvolvido em seis propriedades leiteiras comerciais, com manejos sanitários e reprodutivos semelhantes e assistidas por médicos veterinários. Foram incluídas apenas vacas da raça Holandesa, até cinco parições e mais de três repetições de cio consecutivas. Na propriedade, os animais foram identificados e procedidos o exame ginecológico e citologia endometrial. No presente estudo foram avaliadas 77 vacas e as causas reprodutivas encontradas em vacas Holandesas sujeitas ao descarte involuntário foram: endometrite clínica com secreção vaginal purulenta e mais que 3% de neutrófilos (7,79%), endometrite clínica com secreção vaginal purulenta e menos que 3% de neutrófilos (2,6%), endometrite subclínica (10,4%), urovagina (1,3%) e 77,9% que não se sabe a causa, porém não está associado aos distúrbios reprodutivos avaliados. Concluiu-se que: a) o índice de vacas que não apresentaram a causa diagnosticada é muito alto e isto interfere diretamente na eficiência reprodutiva; b) o exame proposto diagnosticou 22,1% de distúrbios clínicos que poderiam ser evitados ou tratados e desta forma reduzindo o descarte involuntário.

Effect of length of calving interval and calving season on subsequent reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows / Efeito da duração do intervalo de partos e estação do ano ao parto sobre a eficiência reprodutiva subsequente de vacas leiteiras mestiças

Background: The need for high production has increased considerably in the dairy industry. On the other hand, a fertility decline has been observed in cows with best potential for milk production. Therefore, calving intervals of around 12 months have been sought, which leaves a very short period of time for the cows to be inseminated and to become pregnant. If the conception is delayed, the reproduction inefficiency can reduce milk production, causing economic problems. The calving-conception interval (CCI) depends on multiple factors such as voluntary waiting period, insemination technique, birth season, herd size and parity. Negative effects of stress caused by heat on the fertility of lactating dairy cows have been observed. An increase in body temperature decreased the probability of conception at 28 days as the number of postpartum days increased. It is known that cows with larger calving-conception intervals have more health problems. Also, they have a greater chance of being discarded, since long CCI result in longer periods with no milk production and, therefore, expenditures with unproductive cows. Moreover, an increase in the CCI from 90 to 300 days doubled the chance of discard or peripartum death in dairy matrix. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two variables: the calving - first IA interval and on the CCI of crossbred dairy cows: duration of previous calvi

Background: The need for high production has increased considerably in the dairy industry. On the other hand, a fertility decline has been observed in cows with best potential for milk production. Therefore, calving intervals of around 12 months have been sought, which leaves a very short period of time for the cows to be inseminated and to become pregnant. If the conception is delayed, the reproduction inefficiency can reduce milk production, causing economic problems. The calving-conception interval (CCI) depends on multiple factors such as voluntary waiting period, insemination technique, birth season, herd size and parity. Negative effects of stress caused by heat on the fertility of lactating dairy cows have been observed. An increase in body temperature decreased the probability of conception at 28 days as the number of postpartum days increased. It is known that cows with larger calving-conception intervals have more health problems. Also, they have a greater chance of being discarded, since long CCI result in longer periods with no milk production and, therefore, expenditures with unproductive cows. Moreover, an increase in the CCI from 90 to 300 days doubled the chance of discard or peripartum death in dairy matrix. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two variables: the calving - first IA interval and on the CCI of crossbred dairy cows: duration of previous calvi

Effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows / Efeito do mês de parição na taxa de gestação subsequente e no peso ao desmame dos bezerros de vacas Nelore

Background: The concentration of births in the most appropriate time (months) of the year results in uniform lots of calves and allows the adoption of different management practices, aimed at reducing mortality and increasing the weaning weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows during the birth season.Materials, Methods & Results: Were used 91 Nellore cows between three and ten years, belonging from Experimental Farm Capim Branco, Uberlandia, Minas Gerias, Brazil, from August 2008 to May 2009. The birth season lasted 110 days and occurred from 09/17/2008 to 01/05/2009 (110 days), that period being divided into four months: 1 (9/17 to 16/10), 2 (10/17 to 11/16), 3 (11/17 to 12/16) and 4 (12/17 to 01/05). On the day of birth, calves (males and females) were weighed in analog scale, and then, between the sixth and seventh months of life (months to weaning) were weighed again. The next breeding season was held from 12/05/2008 to 03/05/2009, lasted 90 days. Eleven days before the beginning of the breeding season, the cows that had more than 30 days postpartum (DPP) and body condition score equal to or greater than 2.50 were submitted through a time artificial insemination protocol (TAI). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in cows with 28 to 32 days of insemination. N

Background: The concentration of births in the most appropriate time (months) of the year results in uniform lots of calves and allows the adoption of different management practices, aimed at reducing mortality and increasing the weaning weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows during the birth season.Materials, Methods & Results: Were used 91 Nellore cows between three and ten years, belonging from Experimental Farm Capim Branco, Uberlandia, Minas Gerias, Brazil, from August 2008 to May 2009. The birth season lasted 110 days and occurred from 09/17/2008 to 01/05/2009 (110 days), that period being divided into four months: 1 (9/17 to 16/10), 2 (10/17 to 11/16), 3 (11/17 to 12/16) and 4 (12/17 to 01/05). On the day of birth, calves (males and females) were weighed in analog scale, and then, between the sixth and seventh months of life (months to weaning) were weighed again. The next breeding season was held from 12/05/2008 to 03/05/2009, lasted 90 days. Eleven days before the beginning of the breeding season, the cows that had more than 30 days postpartum (DPP) and body condition score equal to or greater than 2.50 were submitted through a time artificial insemination protocol (TAI). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in cows with 28 to 32 days of insemination. N

Effect of length of calving interval and calving season on subsequent reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows / Efeito da duração do intervalo de partos e estação do ano ao parto sobre a eficiência reprodutiva subsequente de vacas leiteiras mestiças

Background: The need for high production has increased considerably in the dairy industry. On the other hand, a fertility decline has been observed in cows with best potential for milk production. Therefore, calving intervals of around 12 months have been sought, which leaves a very short period of time for the cows to be inseminated and to become pregnant. If the conception is delayed, the reproduction inefficiency can reduce milk production, causing economic problems. The calving-conception interval (CCI) depends on multiple factors such as voluntary waiting period, insemination technique, birth season, herd size and parity. Negative effects of stress caused by heat on the fertility of lactating dairy cows have been observed. An increase in body temperature decreased the probability of conception at 28 days as the number of postpartum days increased. It is known that cows with larger calving-conception intervals have more health problems. Also, they have a greater chance of being discarded, since long CCI result in longer periods with no milk production and, therefore, expenditures with unproductive cows. Moreover, an increase in the CCI from 90 to 300 days doubled the chance of discard or peripartum death in dairy matrix. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two variables: the calving - first IA interval and on the CCI of crossbred dairy cows: duration of previous calvi

Background: The need for high production has increased considerably in the dairy industry. On the other hand, a fertility decline has been observed in cows with best potential for milk production. Therefore, calving intervals of around 12 months have been sought, which leaves a very short period of time for the cows to be inseminated and to become pregnant. If the conception is delayed, the reproduction inefficiency can reduce milk production, causing economic problems. The calving-conception interval (CCI) depends on multiple factors such as voluntary waiting period, insemination technique, birth season, herd size and parity. Negative effects of stress caused by heat on the fertility of lactating dairy cows have been observed. An increase in body temperature decreased the probability of conception at 28 days as the number of postpartum days increased. It is known that cows with larger calving-conception intervals have more health problems. Also, they have a greater chance of being discarded, since long CCI result in longer periods with no milk production and, therefore, expenditures with unproductive cows. Moreover, an increase in the CCI from 90 to 300 days doubled the chance of discard or peripartum death in dairy matrix. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two variables: the calving - first IA interval and on the CCI of crossbred dairy cows: duration of previous calvi

Effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows / Efeito do mês de parição na taxa de gestação subsequente e no peso ao desmame dos bezerros de vacas Nelore

Background: The concentration of births in the most appropriate time (months) of the year results in uniform lots of calves and allows the adoption of different management practices, aimed at reducing mortality and increasing the weaning weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows during the birth season.Materials, Methods & Results: Were used 91 Nellore cows between three and ten years, belonging from Experimental Farm Capim Branco, Uberlandia, Minas Gerias, Brazil, from August 2008 to May 2009. The birth season lasted 110 days and occurred from 09/17/2008 to 01/05/2009 (110 days), that period being divided into four months: 1 (9/17 to 16/10), 2 (10/17 to 11/16), 3 (11/17 to 12/16) and 4 (12/17 to 01/05). On the day of birth, calves (males and females) were weighed in analog scale, and then, between the sixth and seventh months of life (months to weaning) were weighed again. The next breeding season was held from 12/05/2008 to 03/05/2009, lasted 90 days. Eleven days before the beginning of the breeding season, the cows that had more than 30 days postpartum (DPP) and body condition score equal to or greater than 2.50 were submitted through a time artificial insemination protocol (TAI). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in cows with 28 to 32 days of insemination. N

Background: The concentration of births in the most appropriate time (months) of the year results in uniform lots of calves and allows the adoption of different management practices, aimed at reducing mortality and increasing the weaning weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the month of calving on subsequent pregnancy rate and weaning weight of calves from Nelore cows during the birth season.Materials, Methods & Results: Were used 91 Nellore cows between three and ten years, belonging from Experimental Farm Capim Branco, Uberlandia, Minas Gerias, Brazil, from August 2008 to May 2009. The birth season lasted 110 days and occurred from 09/17/2008 to 01/05/2009 (110 days), that period being divided into four months: 1 (9/17 to 16/10), 2 (10/17 to 11/16), 3 (11/17 to 12/16) and 4 (12/17 to 01/05). On the day of birth, calves (males and females) were weighed in analog scale, and then, between the sixth and seventh months of life (months to weaning) were weighed again. The next breeding season was held from 12/05/2008 to 03/05/2009, lasted 90 days. Eleven days before the beginning of the breeding season, the cows that had more than 30 days postpartum (DPP) and body condition score equal to or greater than 2.50 were submitted through a time artificial insemination protocol (TAI). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed in cows with 28 to 32 days of insemination. N

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF POSTPARTUM UTERINE INVOLUTION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS

Puerpério é o período compreendido entre o parto até o momento em que ocorre a completa involução uterina em torno de 40 dias pós-parto (dpp). Com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica de involução uterina em vacas leiteiras foram examinadas 19 vacas, mestiças, com dois ou mais partos em oito momentos no puerpério: dia do parto, dia 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 e 43 dpp, onde verificou-se os parâmetros vitais, escore de condição corporal, exames ginecológico e ultrassonográfico, características e odor de secreção vaginal. Concluiu-se que existem características particulares referentes à involução uterina nas vacas mestiças leiteiras e que o diagnóstico e tratamento da endometrite clínica, através da avaliação aos 21 e 28 dpp das características e odor de secreção vaginal devem ser revistos, pois se verificou cura espontânea desta infecção aos 43 dpp.

Clinical observations of postpartum uterine involution in crossbred dairy cows

Puerpério é o período compreendido entre o parto até o momento em que ocorre a completa involução uterina em torno de 40 dias pós-parto (dpp). Com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica de involução uterina em vacas leiteiras foram examinadas 19 vacas, mestiças, com dois ou mais partos em oito momentos no puerpério: dia do parto, dia 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 e 43 dpp, onde verificou-se os parâmetros vitais, escore de condição corporal, exames ginecológico e ultrassonográfico, características e odor de secreção vaginal. Concluiu-se que existem características particulares referentes à involução uterina nas vacas mestiças leiteiras e que o diagnóstico e tratamento da endometrite clínica, através da avaliação aos 21 e 28 dpp das características e odor de secreção vaginal devem ser revistos, pois se verificou cura espontânea desta infecção aos 43 dpp.