Petroleum Intoxication: Literature Review and Case Report on Poisoning by Gasoline.

A literature review of cases of acute poisoning by petroleum and its distillates was conducted, while a new fatal case of suicide by gasoline intake is reported. Specifically, a number of studies were reviewed in order to update and summarize the relevant literature on the incidence, sociodemographic variables, method of poisoning, diagnostic - toxicological procedures, variables associated with survival and fatality on acute petroleum/gasoline intoxication. Results show that acute poisoning by petroleum and its distillates is relatively rare. Male prevalence was observed among patients, while most incidents were classified as suicide attempts. Oral ingestion was the most frequent method of intake, while a case of intravenous injection was also reported. The survival rates were low, as among all literature cases, two thirds of them managed to reach the hospital alive, and only the one fourth of them had a medically successful outcome.

Anatomical Localization of Traumatic Brain Injury Cases in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece: a 10-year Retrospective Observational Study / 대한신경손상학회지

Objective@#Brain trauma is an extremely important economical and social issue with increasing daily incidence. It is important to observe and report brain trauma, in order to provide better conditions for improvement of the trauma prevention and management. @*Methods@#A ten-year retrospective observational analysis was performed on 292 (fatal and non-fatal) incidents of traumatic brain injury among 2,847 totally examined cases in the records of the laboratory of forensic sciences at Democritus University of Thrace between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016. The results were further analyzed and classified into pertinent categories associated with the purpose of the study. @*Results@#The average age was estimated at 47.24 years with an obvious male domination.The most common cause of TBI, according to the results, is transport accidents (61.85%) followed by trauma inflicted by blunt instrument (22.49%), fall from height (11.65%) and occupational accidents (4.02%). Mortality rates were evaluated for each type, revealing extremely disturbing numbers. Regarding the anatomical localization on the skull, the most common region of cranial fractures is the cranial base (16.48%), followed by the frontal (12.87%), occipital (11.29%) and parietal bones (11.06%). In the majority of the cases, there were associated injuries. @*Conclusion@#The management of traumatic brain injuries is difficult and sometimes impossible. Better prevention measures are required to minimize as much as possible the incidence of brain trauma.

Does Nationality Matter for the Gunshot Brain Injury? Ten-Year Retrospective Observational Cadaveric Comparative Study for Gunshot TBI between Greece and Bulgaria / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Penetrating brain trauma (PBT) caused by gunshot is one of the most lethal traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and its management and confrontation is of great importance. METHODS: The authors searched retrospectively the archives from 2 similar autonomous laboratories of forensic science and toxicology in the Balkan peninsula for a 10-year period of time and included only fatal penetrating brain injuries. RESULTS: The study is conducted in 61 cadavers with gunshot PBT. All of the cadavers were victims of suicide attempt. The most common anatomical localization on the skull were the facial bones, followed by skull base, temporal and parietal bone, conducting a trajectory of the gunshot. Additional findings were atherosclerosis of the blood vessels and chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and fatty liver. CONCLUSION: PBI has a high mortality rate. There are factors and findings from the collected data differing between the 2 aforementioned nations. Either way, better preventative measures, gun control and healthcare system are highly necessary.

Death due to fracture of thin calvarial bones after a fall: A forensic approach / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

A 45-year-old male was autopsied. He had fallen backwards from a two-stairs height to the ground and passed away. A skull fracture was detected in the left occipital area, extending up to the left side of the skull base. The patient's death occurred due to the very low thickness of the calvarial bones, which led to the aforementioned fracture, and in turn resulted in subarachnoid hemorrhage and death. The cortical thickness was measured and compared with average values at standardized points. Uniform bone thinning was confirmed rather than localized. Calvarial thinning may result from various conditions. In the present case study, however, the exact mechanism which led to the low thickness of the calvarial bones of the patient is undetermined. Death due to the susceptible structure and fracture of calvarial bones has rarely been reported throughout relevant literature.