RESUMO
We present a case of multifocal tuberculosis of contralateral costo-transverse joints. Even in countries where tuberculosis is common, extrapulmonary multifocal infection is uncommon. Furthermore, a bilateral, symmetric distribution is distinctly unusual. The index of suspicion for tuberculosis should increase when the patient is from a country where tuberculosis is endemic or when a history of AIDS is present.
Assuntos
Articulações , Costelas , Vértebras Torácicas , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Articulações/microbiologia , Articulações/patologia , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Dor Lombar/microbiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Costelas/diagnóstico por imagem , Costelas/microbiologia , Costelas/patologia , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Torácicas/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/complicações , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/microbiologiaRESUMO
Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is not a set technique but is constantly evolving. This article illustrates changes in image quality in extracranial MR angiography that have been achieved over the past few years by the introduction of several technical developments. Images from patients examined at intervals of 12 months or more demonstrate the improvements in image quality that have resulted from these technical changes. These include bandwidth optimization for operation at 1.0 T and changes in flip angle section thickness, repetition time, and echo time. Improved image quality was assessed with objective measures of contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios. The cases illustrated show the use of MR angiography to evaluate the portal or systemic veins in patients being evaluated for liver transplantation, venous occlusion, and other venous disease. Improvements in image quality are subjectively apparent and emphasize the importance of keeping pace with technical improvements in MR angiography.
Assuntos
Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Veia Porta/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction methods allied to spiral CT (SCT) or MR angiography (MRA) are used in clarifying the anatomy of complex aortic anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients with superior mediastinal masses suggestive of aneurysms of the anomalous right subclavian artery were examined. Both patients were examined using breath-hold SCT and one by breath-hold MRA. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed using a surface rendering technique for the SCT examinations and by a maximum intensity projection technique for MRA. RESULTS: Two cases of aneurysmal anomalous right subclavian artery were diagnosed by SCT with 3D image reconstruction. One case was also examined by MRA with 3D image reconstruction which confirmed the findings of SCT. The use of the 3D techniques clarified the complicated anatomy and avoided the need for angiography. CONCLUSION: Two cases are illustrated of 3D imaging of complicated aortic branch anatomy due to aneurysms of anomalous right subclavian artery. Image quality was good and no further imaging by more invasive techniques was required.
