Linkage Between 2 Information Systems: Combined Live Births and Food and Nutrition Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Investigation of the Determinants of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in Southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity has been growing steadily, at an earlier age, and currently comprises a public health issue. A number of studies have pointed to perinatal factors as possible determinants in the development of childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of perinatal factors on the development of obesity in children and adolescents in southern Brazil. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in which a linkage was made between anthropometric data of children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years who had been registered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2008 to 2016 and their perinatal data registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) from 2000 to 2014. The SINASC was used to extract maternal covariables (age, schooling, marital status), prenatal variables (parity and number of prenatal visits), and perinatal variables (type of delivery, sex, and birth weight). Variables such as age, inclusion in the Bolsa Família income transfer program, and the number of anthropometric evaluations were extracted from SISVAN. RESULTS: The sample comprised 537 children and adolescents. The median age was 8 years (interquartile range: 2-11 years). The prevalence of obesity was 15.1%. Poisson regression revealed a higher risk of obesity in children born via cesarean delivery (relative risk [RR] = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.17), children of primiparous mothers (RR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.16-2.53), girls (RR = 1.77; 95% CI:1.21-2.60), and those aged between 5 and 9 years (RR = 26.8; 95% CI: 3.75-191.55) and older than 10 years (RR = 20.74; 95% CI: 2.89-148.61). CONCLUSIONS: The linkage between SINASC and SISVAN allowed identification of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of childhood obesity. These findings should contribute to the development of health promotion and prevention policies.

ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF GENERAL AND CENTRAL OBESITY IN THE PREDICTION OF ASTHMA IN ADOLESCENTS; CENTRAL OBESITY IN ASTHMA.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of asthma risk associated with anthropometric indicators of excess weight and body fat distribution. METHODOLOGY: cross-sectional study including adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. The anthropometric indicator used to classify excess weight was the body mass index (BMI-Z); those used for abdominal adiposity were waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the conicity index (CI). Asthma characteristics were evaluated using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The significance level was 5%, and the analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 18.0. RESULTS: adolescent students (n = 1362; 788 [57.9%] female) with a mean age of 15.65 ± 1.24 years were evaluated. A high prevalence of asthma, excess weight (BMI-Z) and excess abdominal adiposity (WC and WHtR) was observed in the females. Only CI values for excess abdominal adiposity were higher for males than for females. Adolescents with excess abdominal adiposity, as shown by the WHtR, had a 1.24 times higher risk of having asthma compared with non-obese adolescents. Boys with excess abdominal adiposity, as classified by CI, presented a 1.8 times greater risk of asthma. The risk of severe asthma was 3 times higher among adolescents who were classified as severely obese via the BMI-Z. CONCLUSION: this study showed that excess body weight and abdominal obesity are associated with an increased risk of asthma and asthma severity in adolescents. Thus, additional BMI measurements are suggested for asthmatics.

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de riesgo de asma asociado con indicadores antropométricos de exceso de peso y la distribución de la grasa corporal. Metodología: estudio transversal que incluye adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad. El indicador antropométrico utilizado para clasificar el exceso de peso fue el índice de masa corporal (IMC-Z); los utilizados para la adiposidad abdominal fueron la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-estatura (RCE) y el índice de conicidad (IC). Las características del asma se evaluaron utilizando el cuestionario International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). El nivel de significación fue del 5%, y los análisis se realizaron con el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 18.0. Resultados: fueron evaluados estudiantes adolescentes (n = 1362; 788 [57,9%] mujeres) con una edad media de 15,65 ± 1,24 años. Se observó en las mujeres una alta prevalencia de asma, exceso de peso (IMC-Z) y exceso de adiposidad abdominal (WC y RCE). Solo los valores de IC para el exceso de adiposidad abdominal fueron mayores para los hombres que para las mujeres. Los adolescentes con exceso de adiposidad abdominal, como lo demuestra la RCE, tenían 1,24 veces más riesgo de tener asma en comparación con los adolescentes no obesos. Los niños con exceso de adiposidad abdominal, según la clasificación de IC, presentaron 1,8 veces mayor riesgo de asma. El riesgo de asma grave era 3 veces mayor entre las adolescentes que fueron clasificados como severamente obesos a través del IMC-Z. Conclusión: este estudio mostró que el exceso de peso y la obesidad abdominal se asocian con un mayor riesgo de asma y asma severa en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, se sugieren mediciones de IMC adicionales para los asmáticos.

Prenatal factors associated with birth weight and length and current nutritional status of hospitalized children aged 4-24 months.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations of prenatal factors with birth weight and length, as well as current nutritional status, of children hospitalized in southern Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 child-mother pairs. Children were between 4 and 24 months old. They were at the inpatient unit or pediatric emergency department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Anthropometric data were collected, and a questionnaire on gestational data was answered by the children's mothers. Maternal variables of interest were: prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, smoking and/or use of alcohol, use of illicit drugs, gestational diabetes and/ or high blood pressure. Children's variables of interest were: sex, gestational age, birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL), and current anthropometric data [body mass index for age (BMI/A), height for age (H/A), and weight for age (W/A)]. The gestational weight gain and smoking were associated with BW. We also found that H/A was associated with BW and BL, W/A was associated with BW, and BMI/A was associated with BL. The gestational weight gain was associated with BL, diabetes was associated with BW and BL, and high blood pressure was associated with low height in the first two years of life. We concluded that prenatal factors may have an influence on both BW and BL, causing the birth of small and large for gestational age children, and thus affecting their growth rate during the first years of life.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las asociaciones de factores prenatales con el peso y la longitud al nacer y el estado nutricional actual de los niños hospitalizados en el sur de Brasil. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal de 300 pares de madres y niños de entre 4 y 24 meses de edad, que estaban en la unidad de hospitalización o de emergencia pediátrica del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Se recogieron los datos antropométricos y se respondió a un cuestionario sobre los datos del embarazo. Variables maternas en estudio: IMC antes del embarazo, aumento de peso gestacional, fumar y/o beber alcohol, uso de drogas ilegales, la diabetes y/o hipertensión gestacional; y de los niños: el sexo, la edad gestacional, el peso (PN) y la longitud al nacer (LN), así como los datos antropométricos actuales (índice de masa corporal para la edad (IMC/E), altura para la edad (A/E) y peso para la edad (P/E). Para las asociaciones entre variables se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher; para las que demostraron p.