The Health Literacy of Retinol Cream Usage Among Female Students in the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence at Al-Balqa Applied University.

INTRODUCTION: Considering people's tendency to self-treatment, efforts to address the broad aspects of health literacy are extremely important. The study aimed to find out the level of health literacy related to the use of retinol creams among female undergraduate students of the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence at Al-Balqa Applied University. METHODS: This study adopted an analytical descriptive research methodology by designing and applying a questionnaire tool. The questionnaire consisted, after arbitration and testing its validity and stability, of 15 items. Each item represents one of the indicators for measuring the level of health literacy about the use of retinol creams. The sample of the study was a random sample of female students in the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence at Al-Balqa Applied University. RESULTS: A total of 221 undergraduate female students were enrolled in the study. The most important results were that the arithmetic mean for estimating the level of health culture among female students in the study on the use of retinol creams was 3.117 out of 5, with a relative weight percentage of 62.3% and an average total score on the general level of indicators of total health culture. CONCLUSION: This study provided insights into the health literacy related to the use of retinol creams among female students. While the students demonstrated a high level of health education in some aspects, there were areas where their knowledge and practices could be improved. These findings can contribute to the development of educational programs and interventions aimed at promoting the safe and informed use of retinol creams among university students.

The largest malignant peripheral nerve sheath arising from the gluteal region: case report.

We report a unique case of a huge malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with probable smooth muscle differentiation.

Primary Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Lung: a Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue (CCSST), or melanoma of the soft part, is a rare, aggressive tumor that originates in the aponeurosis and fasciae of the distal parts of the extremities. Reports from other sites of the body are rare. OBJECTIVE: We are reporting an extremely rare tumor that presented as a central left-sided lung mass and found to be clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue. METHODS: We report a 24-year-old male patient presented with recurrent attacks of left-sided chest pain associated with cough and dyspnea. RESULTS: Imaging showed a central left-sided 8*5.5*5 cm lung mass. The age of the patient and the radiological characteristics of the lesion were suggestive of a benign pathology. After histopathological assessment of the lesion, suspicion of the malignant process was raised, mainly melanoma of soft part and PEComa. The patient underwent left-sided pneumonectomy. The postoperative histological examination, immunohistochemical findings including positive staining for S-100, HMB-45, and Melan-A, and positive FISH study for EWSR1 gene rearrangements supported the diagnosis of CCSST originating primarily in the major fissure of left the lung. CONCLUSION: The rarity of CCSST in general and tumors originating in the lung primarily raise the challenges in hypothesizing a differential diagnosis, choosing proper investigations and treatment methods. The histological examination, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetics of the tumor are mandatory to reach the final diagnosis.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients: Clinicopathological Associations from a Single-Institution Study.

PURPOSE: Tumor expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with evasion of immune response in several types of malignancies and such expression may render patients eligible for PD-L1 inhibitors. The use of immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been recently approved for the treatment of breast cancer. However, PD-L1 expression data are lacking among Jordanian breast cancer patients. In this study, the tumor PD-L1 expression was characterized in breast cancer patients to assess their eligibility for immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The study also aimed to explore the association between tumoral PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tissue samples were available from 153 female patients with primary invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor sections that were stained with a PD-L1 antibody. Expression of tumor PD-L1 was correlated with demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and prognosis. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 54.2±12.8 years (median 52, interquartile range 45-65). The percentage of PD-L1-positive tumors was 26.1%. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells significantly and positively correlated with tumor size (rho=0.174, p=0.032). PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with the grade of carcinoma (p=0.001), HER2-positivity (p=0.015), and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.036). PD-L1 intensity was significantly associated with tumor stage (p=0.046). No significant associations were observed for the PD-L1 expression status or intensity with patient menopausal status, hormone receptor expression, and molecular subtypes. PD-L1 expression significantly correlated with a worse prognosis of breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis (rho=0.230, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Tumor PD-L1 expression was associated with advanced clinicopathologic features and worse prognosis in this cohort of Jordanian breast cancer patients. Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of PD-L1 blockade therapy on treatment outcomes in eligible breast cancer patients in Jordan.