Exploring the abundance and characteristics of litter in Lithuanian riversides: a citizen science approach.

To gain a better understanding of the sources and ecological effects of plastic contamination in Lithuanian rivers, as well as to provide guidance for mitigation, monitoring is necessary. This is a logistically and financially demanding endeavor, particularly in the case of microplastics. Citizen science provides a viable option for sampling sites that are accessible, thus enabling the monitoring of wide areas. In Lithuania, a citizen science approach was employed, with schoolchildren examining litter at riversides and identifying potential sources at 24 sampling sites in Autumn 2022 and 32 in Spring 2023, covering both large and small rivers. The maximum amount of 220 items per location was registered in Autumn 2022, whereas 111 items per location were registered in Spring 2023. The two main types of microlitter discovered were plastic (34-42%) and cigarette butts (17-22%), with glass, paper, and metal also present, which suggests that recreational visitors are the main source of litter. By K-means clustering analysis, all locations were divided into four clusters according to litter composition. To sum up, the findings of this study illustrate the importance of citizen science in providing insight into the contamination of Lithuanian rivers, which can be used to inform the development of conservation strategies.

New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China.

The short-palped crane fly, Antocha (Antocha) pulchra Markeviciute Podenas sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in Sichuan, China. Antocha (A.) quadrifurca Alexander, 1971 is reported for the first time in China through our research efforts. This article includes illustrations of distinguishing morphological features, an updated checklist, a general distribution and an identification key to species of Antocha Osten Sacken from Sichuan, China.

A new species of Antocha Osten Sacken, 1860 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China.

The short-palped crane fly, Antocha (Antocha) bella Markeviciute Podenas sp. nov., is described from specimens collected in Sichuan, China. Redescriptions of Antocha (Antocha) fortidens Alexander, 1933 and Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis immaculata Alexander, 1938, illustrations of distinguishing morphological features, general distribution, checklist and key to species of Antocha Osten Sacken from Sichuan, China are provided.