Bone loss recovery in mice following microgravity with concurrent bone-compartment-specific osteocyte characteristics.

Space missions provide the opportunity to investigate the influence of gravity on the dynamic remodelling processes in bone. Mice were examined following space flight and subsequent recovery to determine the effects on bone compartment-specific microstructure and composition. The resulting bone loss following microgravity recovered only in trabecular bone, while in cortical bone the tissue mineral density was restored after only one week on Earth. Detection of TRAP-positive bone surface cells in the trabecular compartment indicated increased resorption following space flight. In cortical bone, a persistent reduced viability of osteocytes suggested an impaired sensitivity to mechanical stresses. A compartment-dependent structural recovery from microgravity-induced bone loss was shown, with a direct osteocytic contribution to persistent low bone volume in the cortical region even after a recovery period. Trabecular recovery was not accompanied by changes in osteocyte characteristics. These post-space-flight findings will contribute to the understanding of compositional changes that compromise bone quality caused by unloading, immobilisation, or disuse.

Combined Effects of Irradiation and Hindlimb Suspension on Erythroid Lineage Precursors from Rat Bone Marrow.

Erythroid precursors from the femoral bone marrow of Wistar rats were characterized after 30-day hindlimb suspension, fractionated γ-radiation, and their combination. After hindlimb suspension, the total content of myeloid CFU decreased; activity of erythroid differon also considerably suppressed, which manifested in a decrease in the number of erythroid burst-forming units and area of colonies formed by erythrocyte precursors. After irradiation and combined exposure to these two factors, no significant differences from the control were revealed; optical density of formed colonies slightly increased in all experimental groups. Thus, suppression of the erythroid lineage was most pronounced during hindlimb unloading. The combined effect of radiation and hindlimb suspension produced no appreciable negative effect on erythropoiesis in rat bone marrow.

Effect of 30-Day Hindlimb Unloading and Hypergravity on Bone Marrow Stromal Progenitors in C57Bl/6N Mice.

We studied the effect of 30-day hindlimb unloading and subsequent simulated hypergravity on the cellularity and proliferative, clonogenic, and differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal progenitors in mice. Clonogenic and differentiation activity of stromal cells decreased after unloading; proliferative and differentiation activity of bone marrow stromal progenitors increased after hypergravity simulation. Our findings demonstrated negative effect of unloading on functional activity of mouse bone marrow stromal progenitors. Short-term hypergravity after unloading produced a stimulating effect on the bone marrow stromal progenitors.

Myeloid Precursors in the Bone Marrow of Mice after a 30-Day Space Mission on a Bion-M1 Biosatellite.

The content of myeloid stem CFU in bone marrow karyocytes from the tibial bone of C57Bl/6 mice was evaluated after a 30-day Bion-M1 pace flight/ground control experiment and subsequent 7-day recovery period. After the space flight, we observed a significant decrease in the number of erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, including common myeloid precursor - granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte/macrophage, megakaryocyte CFU. After 7-day readaptation, CFU level in flight animals did not recover completely. In the ground control, the count of erythroid burst-forming units was higher than in vivarium animals. Comparison of the changes observed in fight and ground experiments demonstrated effects associated space flight factors and manifesting in suppression of the bone marrow erythropoiesis.

[PROFILE OF THE MARROW-DERIVED STROMAL PRECURSORS POPULATION IN C57BL/6N MICE FLOWN ON BIOSATELLITE BION-M1].

The CFU-F number, proliferative activity and spontaneous differentiation potential of stromal cells derived from the tibia marrow of C57BL/6N mice readapted to the 1-g gravity following a long-term flight on biosatellite Bion-M1 were evaluated. The CFU-F number, proliferative activity and spontaneous adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of marrow-derived stromal cells from the space flown group were no different from the group of vivarium control. However, the proliferative activity and adhesion properties of the cells were down-regulated on day 7 of readaptation. These results suggest that space flight factors did not impact the stromal differon of the mouse marrow. The decline of stromal cells activity indicates the decompensation of their functions under 1g gravity.

[The specific features of development of Echinococcus granulosus metacestode (exogenous blastogenesis) in man].

The paper describes a case of abnormal development of a parasitic cyst by the type characteristic of alveolar echinococcosis (exogenous blastogenesis) detected in a female patient operated on for echinococcus. The fact that the exogenous blastogenesis has been found allows the mechanism of a postoperative recurrence of human echinococcosis to be explained from basically new standpoints. A parasitological analysis of the punctates of cystic masses and cysts themselves, taken from patients operated on for cystic echinococcosis has revealed one of the signs of malignant exogenous proliferation of elements of a parasytic metacestode, namely, the development of acephalocysts from the germinative cells of the pedicle of protoscoleces. The capacity of cystic echinococcosis metacestodes for exogenous blastogenesis by the type of human alveolar echinococcosis is an early unknown species-specific feature of E. granulosus.

[Renal carcinoma: active detection in regular check-ups]. / Rak pochki: vozmozhnosti aktivnogo vyiavleniia pri dispanserizatsii.

AIM: To improve early diagnosis of renal carcinoma (RC) in the course of check-ups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regular checkups performed in 1980-1999 detected 715 cases of renal carcinoma. Among the patients were 452 male (60.2%) and 263 female (39.8%) patients. Mean age was 66 years. Screening methods for healthy examinees and risk group examinees, RC incidence rate, 1 year lethality and survival were assessed. RESULTS: Mean RC incidence rate in men was 80.9, in women 34.9 per 100,000. Early diagnosis of RC stage I and II made up 58.4 in men and 59.4% in women. Significantly more patients with RC stage I and II were diagnosed at checkup than among those seeking medical advice. 5-year corrected survival in males was 80%, 10-year survival--74%, in females--84 and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Check-up raised early diagnosis of RC stage I and II up to 82.3%. This, in its turn, improved survival of RC patients.

[Free-radical and neuroimmune processes in primary and repeated craniocerebral trauma (in an experiment)]. / Svobodnoradikal'nye i neiroimmunnye protsessy pri pervichnoi i povtornoi cherepno-mozgovoi travme (v éksperimente).

The impact of primary and repeated brain injury (BI) (moderate contusion of the brain) on changes of pro- and antioxidative processes in the brain and blood, as well as on the body's neuroimmune responses during 30 days following injury were studied in an experiment on albino rats. The changes in the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were shown to be significantly higher in repeated BI than in primary one. There was no correlation between the changes in the rate of LPO in the blood and in the brain tissue. Immune disorders, namely: the proliferative activity of T and B lymphocytes were slightly milder than in primary BI while in repeated BI, neurosensitization was detectable earlier, which was more pronounced. Thus, goal-oriented correction of free radical processes should be made in the brain and of neuroimmune disorders in BI.