Thermostable trypsin conjugates immobilized to biogenic magnetite show a high operational stability and remarkable reusability for protein digestion.

In this work, magnetosomes produced by microorganisms were chosen as a suitable magnetic carrier for covalent immobilization of thermostable trypsin conjugates with an expected applicability for efficient and rapid digestion of proteins at elevated temperatures. First, a biogenic magnetite was isolated from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and its free surface was coated with the natural polysaccharide chitosan containing free amino and hydroxy groups. Prior to covalent immobilization, bovine trypsin was modified by conjugating with α-, ß- and γ-cyclodextrin. Modified trypsin was bound to the magnetic carriers via amino groups using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide as coupling reagents. The magnetic biomaterial was characterized by magnetometric analysis and electron microscopy. With regard to their biochemical properties, the immobilized trypsin conjugates showed an increased resistance to elevated temperatures, eliminated autolysis, had an unchanged pH optimum and a significant storage stability and reusability. Considering these parameters, the presented enzymatic system exhibits properties that are superior to those of trypsin forms obtained by other frequently used approaches. The proteolytic performance was demonstrated during in-solution digestion of model proteins (horseradish peroxidase, bovine serum albumin and hen egg white lysozyme) followed by mass spectrometry. It is shown that both magnetic immobilization and chemical modification enhance the characteristics of trypsin making it a promising tool for protein digestion.

[Two cases of diagnosis of right ventricular myocardial infarction]. / Dva sluchaia diagnostiki infarkta miokarda pravogo zheludochka.

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) occurs rather rarely, under the mask of various diseases and is not easy to detect. Hypo-vate prognosis. Intravital diagnosis of RVMI was successful in 4 patients. Location of the lesion and its extent were determined. This article reports two cases of the four. The disease onset manifested with dyspnea, dry cough, attacks of night asphyxia then symptoms of right ventricular failure arose and intensified. The clinical picture, typical ECG signs suggested the RVMI diagnosis. However, its verification, precise localization and estimation of the lesion size were possible only after balanced radioventriculography.

[Inheritance of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and evolution of its clinical symptoms in families of patients in a prospective trial]. / Nasledovanie sindroma Vol'fa-Parkinsona-Uaita i évoliutsiia ego klinicheskikh proiavlenii v sem'iakh bol'nykh pri prospektivnom nabliudenii.

Medicogenetic examination was conducted in families of 46 patients (21 women and 25 men aged 16-74 years) with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. A total of 256 relatives were investigated (136 women and 120 men aged 2 to 85 years). As a result, the diagnosis of preexcitation syndrome and phenomenon was made initially in 75(29.3%) of the relatives: WPW syndrome, Clerc-Levy-Cristesco (CLC) syndrome, CLC phenomenon was made in 6(2.3%), 27(10.6%) and 42(16.4%) relatives, respectively. Additional conduction pathways in the families with WPW syndrome are inherited by the autosome-dominant type with penetrability 0.94(94%) and clinical polymorphism. Prospective observation of the families revealed evolution of the clinical symptoms (development of arrhythmia) in the relative with CLC or WPW phenomenon in unfavorable exo- and endogenic factors. WPW syndrome evolution in the patients ran with aggravation of arrhythmia though 12 patients showed improvement.

[Prestarium treatment of essential hypertension]. / Ispol'zovaniie prestariuma u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The aim of the study was to assess prestarium effects on central and renal hemodynamics, blood lipids in hypertensive subjects. Prestarium was given in a daily dose 4-6 mg to 30 patients with essential hypertension stage II free of cardiac decompensation and renal failure. Echocardiography, tetrapolar chest rheoplethysmography with assessment of hemodynamics, radionuclide tracing of renal blood flow, tests for cholesterol and blood electrolytes were made before treatment, on treatment weeks 2-3 and 12. It was found that prestarium lowers blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance. Myocardial conductivity was not affected, whereas renal circulation activated. Low-density lipoproteins cholesterol fell. No significant changes in electrolytes were seen. The drug was well tolerated. In view of good clinical effect and tolerance prestarium is recommended for treatment of essential hypertension stage II in the absence of cardiac decompensation and renal dysfunction.

[Gopten (trandolapril) in the treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Gopten (trandolapril) pri lechenii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

AIM: To investigate clinical efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril and its effects on myocardial function. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 20 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) aged 33-74 years with chronic cardiac failure NYHA class II-IV. 4 of them survived myocardial infarction. In addition to the routine tests, the patients underwent echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography. Trandolapril was given once a day for 28 days in a dose 2 mg, then a repeat examination was performed. RESULTS: Trandolapril produced a subjective effect in 80% of patients. There was also improvement of hemodynamic parameters, an increase in the ejection fraction, sensitivity to nitroglycerin, decline of asynchrony. The drug was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Trandolapril (Gopten) is effective in IHD patients with chronic cardiac failure.

[Long-term monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carrier state in the nasopharynx and seroprevalence of specific antibodies in immunized and non-immunized persons]. / Dlouhodobé sledování nosicství Neisseria meningitidis v nosohltanu a séroprevalence specifických protilátek u imunizovaných a neimunizovaných osob.

Long-term (three-month and one-year) follow-up of nasopharyngeal carriers of Neisseria meningitidis with a frequency of sample collection of once a week and once a month resp. in the healthy population with a mean age of 43 years revealed a 4.8% positivity (2 of 42 subjects). Carriership of the same phenotype and ET-genotype of the N. meningitidis group 29E was stable in one subject, while the other long-term carrier of N. meningitidis group B has changes of the phenotype as well as ET-genotype during the follow-up period. Double (after a 3-month interval) verification of the seroprevalence of specific antimeningococcal antibodies revealed in a group of immunized subjects (vaccine A and C) a considerable degree of anti A immunity. Anti A-seropositivity in subjects immunized within a three-year interval since vaccination was 100%, in those immunized within a four-year interval a decline to 66% was recorded. Anti C antibodies after vaccination within a three-year interval were recorded in 75% subjects, in vaccinated subjects the authors detected antibodies during the first year after vaccination in 86% of the subjects. Natural anti A antibodies of the lowest titre 1:6 were recorded in four non-vaccinated subjects (22%). Naturally acquired anti B antibodies (B:2a:P1.2,P1.5) and anti C (C:2a:P1.2,P1.5) were not detected in any of the subjects.

[The possibilities of isoptin treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Vozmozhnosti lecheniia izoptinov legochnoi gipertenzii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

The study included 30 patients with COB coursing from 5 to 15 years, free of chronic cor pulmonale symptoms. All the patients had moderate obstructive impairment of pulmonary ventilation with hemodynamic disorders and defects in myocardial contractility indicating the presence of transitory pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients of the control group received conventional therapy. It was combined with isoptin-retard (240 mg/day) in the study group. The treatment produced a positive effect in all the patients, but those of the study group exhibited more pronounced decrease in pulmonary artery pressure, achieved better hemodynamics and myocardial contractility. Isoptin-retard in daily dose 240 mg is recommended in COB patients to prevent onset of chronic cor pulmonale.

[Minilaparotomy in surgical treatment of calculous cholecystitis]. / Minilaparotomiia pri khirurgicheskom lechenii kal'kuleznogo kholetsistita.

A set of instruments devised by the CAN company was used in performing cholecystectomy in 15 patients. It proved adequate for the operative situation and allowed surgical manipulations to be carried out through a 30-50 mm minilaparotomy. Cases in which the approach had to be widened or intraoperative complications occurred were not encountered. The indices of external respiration function and the volumetric parameters decrease a little but are rapidly restored during the postoperative period. This confirms the mild traumatic character of the operation and is consistent with the absence of pulmonary complications and negligible manifestation of postoperative intestinal paresis.

[Hemodynamic changes in patients with large postoperative ventral hernias]. / Izmeneniia gemodinamicheskikh pokazatelei u bolnykh s bolshimi posleoperatsionnymi ventralnymi gryzhami.

Hemodynamic parameters have been analyzed in 68 inpatients with large postoperative ventral hernia. Most of the patients showed normodynamic circulation. The artificial rise of the intra-abdominal pressure in the course of the preoperative preparation induced hypodynamic response of the cardiovascular system. Early after the surgery, the patients had hypodynamic circulation. As compared to induced abdominal hypertension, this hypodynamia was less pronounced indicating adaptation of the cardiac activity to preoperative hypertension. This is confirmed by the absence of complications related to high intraabdominal pressure in early postoperative period.

[The volumetric blood flow in the carotid arteries of healthy subjects]. / Ob''emnyi krovotok v sonnykh arteriiakh u zdorovykh.

Using ultrasonic duplex scanning, volumetric blood flow (VBF) in the common carotid artery (CCA) was studied in 119 healthy subjects (73 males and 46 females), aged 20-75. With age, mean linear flow rate seems to undergo slowing down, while CCA diameter becomes wider. However, VBF in CCA in the middle-aged and elderly subjects decreased insignificantly. Males have larger CCA diameters and, consequently, greater VBF. A correlation exists between head circumference measured horizontally 2 cm above the superciliary arches and CCA diameter. This explains higher VBF in CCA in subjects with greater head circumference.