'Don't judge me 'til you walk through my shoes': A qualitative investigation of the experiences of women living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: Women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are less of a focus in the HIV literature, which tends to focus on the HIV experiences of men who have sex with men (MSMs). Hence, we conducted a qualitative study that examined: (a) the type of stigma and discrimination that women living with HIV experience related to their HIV status, (b) the source of this stigma and discrimination, (c) their responses related to this stigma and discrimination, and (d) the ways in which women living with HIV cope with these experiences of stigma and discrimination. DESIGN: Participants consisted of 14 self-identified women living with HIV that were recruited at a community organization in the Southern United States that provides services to individuals living with HIV. The participants ranged in age from 27 to 65 (M = 47.92, SD = 13.08). The sample primarily identified as Black (N = 12), followed by White (N = 1) and Multiracial (N = 1). Most women were cisgender (N = 13) with one woman identifying as transgender (N = 1). RESULTS: Fourteen women participated in one of two focus groups (seven in each focus group), which were audio recorded and transcribed. We identified 24 categories across five domains (Stigma and Discrimination, Source of Stigma and Discrimination, Response to Stigma and Discrimination, Coping with Stigma and Discrimination, and Support). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified that women living with HIV experience stigma and discrimination in a multitude of ways from different sources. Moreover, women with HIV responded to and coped in negative and positive ways. Multidimensional approaches including personal and community education may help alleviate the stigma and discrimination faced by women living with HIV.

Career practitioners' response to career development concerns in the time of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a world-wide impact on all areas of individuals' health, including physical, psychological, financial, familial, social, and vocational. In the United States, the unemployment rate rose from 3.5% (5.8 million) to 13.3% (21 million) in May 2020 before dropping to 7.9% in October 2020. Cognitive information processing (CIP)is one career theory that addresses career needs of clients and society. In this article, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and wellness, highlight differences for marginalized groups, and demonstrate how CIP theoretical elements may have been impacted by COVID-19, and provide strategies enhancing client growth in these domains during a time when largescale social and physical distancing is recommended. The CIP-based differentiated service delivery model is also described as a means for extending and providing access to career services.

Adverse childhood experiences, racial microaggressions, and alcohol misuse in Black and White emerging adults.

OBJECTIVE: Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribute to these high-risk outcomes. We investigated the relationship of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in a sample of Black and White EAs, and racial microaggressions with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in the Black EAs in our sample. METHOD: Six hundred two EAs (41.5% Black, 47% White; 57.3% women) completed measures assessing ACEs, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. One hundred ninety-six Black EAs in the sample were also asked to complete a measure of racial microaggressions that assessed their level of distress related to these experiences. RESULTS: Regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Sex moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the positive relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was minimally stronger for females. College status moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was stronger for college students than non-college students. Racial microaggressions were positively associated with alcohol problems, but not alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore the importance of childhood stressors with alcohol consumption and problems for EAs, and the need for additional research on racial microaggressions and alcohol problems in Black EAs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric properties of the Alliance and Negotiation Scale-Supervision Version.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the psychometric properties of the Alliance Negotiation Scale-Supervision Version (ANS-S) for clinical trainees. Analyses were designed to evaluate the relationship between the ANS-S and other measures of supervision process and outcome. METHOD: Online surveys included items from established measures in addition to questions about supervisor and supervisee training experiences. The survey was administered to a sample of mental health clinicians practicing under a licensed supervisor (N = 113). RESULTS: The ANS-S (a 12-item unidimensional scale) demonstrated sound psychometric properties, including evidence of reliability as well as content and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: The ANS-S was associated with several related supervision measures and outcome variables in the expected directions. These results extend previous findings on the ANS' psychometric integrity and offer a validated measure that can be used in further research on supervision.