Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children.

Background: Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method: This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results: A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion: Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.

Da hospitalização para a prática corporal: análise qualitativa das vivências no projeto Respirar no Amazonas / From hospitalizaton to corporal practice: qualitative analysis of experiences in the projeto Respirar no Amazonas / Del hospitalización a la práctica corporal: análisis cualitativo de experiencias en el proyecto Respirar no Amazonas

A pandemia do coronavírus (covid-19) desencadeou uma avalanche de incessantes tentativas em busca por soluções para os diferentes desafios relacionados à saúde. Neste cenário, políticas públicas voltadas para auxiliar a população como o Projeto Respirar foram fundamentais para recuperar a funcionalidade cardiorrespiratória e física de pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as experiências de um grupo de ex-pacientes, e agora usuários do Projeto Respirar, desde a alta hospitalar até a alta ao final do projeto. A coleta de dados incluiu a realização de dois Grupos Focais. Os usuários relataram sentir muitos medos e incertezas no início da pandemia, contudo, após o ingresso no Projeto Respirar, mudanças aconteceram nas suas percepções de saúde, em seus comportamentos e hábitos (AU).

The coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic has triggered an avalan-che of incessant attempts to find solutions to different health-related challenges. In this scenario, public policies aimed at helping the popula-tion, such as the Breathing Project, were essential to recover the cardio-respiratory and physical functionality of patients. The objective of this study was to present the experiences of a group of former patients, who are now users of Projeto Respirar from hospital discharge to discharge at the end of the project. Data collection included conducting two Focus Groups. Users reported feeling many fears and uncertainties at the be-ginning of the pandemic, however, after joining Projeto Respirar, chan-ges occurred in their health perceptions, behaviors and habits (AU)

La pandemia del coronavirus (covid-19) ha desencadenado una avalancha de intentos incesantes por encontrar soluciones a diferentes desafíos relacionados con la salud. En ese escenario, las políticas públicas dirigidas a ayudar a la población, como el Proyecto Respiración, fueron fundamentales para recuperar la funcionalidad cardiorrespirato-ria y física de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar las experiencias de un grupo de ex pacientes, que ahora son usuarios Projeto Respirar desde el alta hospitalaria hasta el alta al final del proyecto. La recopilación de datos incluyó la realización de dos Grupos Focales. Los usuarios reportaron sentir muchos miedos e incertidumbres al inicio de la pandemia, sin embargo, luego de unirse a Projeto Respirar, ocurrieron cambios en sus percepciones de salud, comportamientos y hábitos (AU).

Physical demands in a small-sided soccer game: a comparison between arbitrary and individualized speed and metabolic power thresholds.

BACKGROUND: This study compared the arbitrary and individualized speed and metabolic power (Pmet) intensity thresholds in a small-sided game (SSG) regarding: 1) distance covered; 2) variations of the physical parameters during the SSG; and 3) associations with physical fitness. METHODS: Twenty-four amateur soccer players (age: 20.0±1.7 years; height: 176.4±4.2 cm; body mass: 67.6±3.2 kg), after being tested for maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and maximal sprinting speed (MSS), participated in a SSG in a separate session and were monitored with global positioning systems (GPS). The distance covered was classified into three intensity zones for each variable (speed and Pmet) using arbitrary and individualized zones based on MAS. RESULTS: There were differences in the distance covered between methods in zones 1 and 2 for both speed and Pmet (P<0.001), and in zone 3 only for Pmet (P<0.001). There were no variations in any variable analyzed during the SSG. MAS was positively correlated with the distance covered in zone 3 in the arbitrary speed (r=0.67; P<0.001) and Pmet (r=0.60; P<0.01). MSS was negatively correlated with the distance covered in zone 3 in the individualized speed (r=-0.49; P<0.05) and Pmet (r=-0.48; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that arbitrary and individualized provide different information. While the individualized method could be used to monitor physical demands, the arbitrary could be used to assess running physical performance.

Emprego de dupla abordagem em fratura complexa de face: relato de caso / Use of dual approach in complex fracture of the face: case report / Uso de abordaje dual en fractura compleja de cara: reporte de caso

Objetivo: Relatar o tratamento de fratura de osso frontal e OPN. Relato de caso: Paciente G.S.M, 25 anos, foi encaminhado ao serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial (CTBMF) do Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade (HGCA). Em análise facial, notaram-se lesões em tecidos moles, hiposfagma em ambos os globos oculares, equimose periorbital bilateral e edema da região hemifacial esquerda, além de crepitação em região de OPN. Após a solicitação de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de face observou-se fratura complexa em região de terço superior esquerdo e região de glabela, acometendo osso frontal e margem supra orbital esquerda, além de fratura de OPN sem deslocamento considerável. Foi realizada uma abordagem cruenta por meio de um acesso coronal, e por meio deste foi realizada a redução e fixação dos arcos com placas e parafusos de titânio do sistema 2.0. Para o tratamento da fratura de OPN optou-se por uma abordagem incruenta devido ao mínimo deslocamento. Conclusão: O tratamento cruento com redução aberta e fixação interna rígida, mostrou-se uma abordagem eficaz para o alinhamento das fraturas do osso frontal, da mesma forma, a abordagem incruenta da fratura de OPN, embora conservadora, também apresentou bons resultados, demonstrando o sucesso da técnica empregada nesse caso... (AU)

Objective: To report the treatment of frontal bone fracture and OPN. Case report: Patient G.S.M, 25 years old, was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service (CTBMF) of Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade (HGCA). In facial analysis, soft tissue lesions, hyposphagma in both eyeballs, bilateral periorbital ecchymosis and edema of the left hemifacial region were noted, in addition to crackling in the OPN region. After requesting a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the face, a complex fracture was observed in the upper left third and glabella region, affecting the frontal bone and left supraorbital margin, in 5addition to an OPN fracture without considerable displacement. An open approach was performed through a coronal access, and through this the arches were reduced and fixed with titanium plates and screws of the 2.0 system. For the treatment of the OPN fracture, a closed approach was chosen due to the minimal displacement. Conclusion: Open reduction treatment with open reduction and rigid internal fixation proved to be an effective approach for the alignment of frontal bone fractures. success of the technique employed in this case... (AU)

Objetivo: Reportar el tratamiento de la fractura de hueso frontal y OPN. Caso clínico: Paciente G.S.M, de 25 años de edad, remitido al Servicio de Cirugía y Traumatología Oral y Maxilofacial (CTBMF) del Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade (HGCA). En el análisis facial se observaron lesiones de partes blandas, hiposfagma en ambos globos oculares, equimosis periorbitaria bilateral y edema de región hemifacial izquierda, además de crepitantes en región OPN. Tras solicitar una tomografía computarizada (TC) de rostro, se objetivó una fractura compleja en tercio superior izquierdo y región de glabela, afectando hueso frontal y margen supraorbitario izquierdo, además de una fractura OPN sin desplazamiento importante. Se realizó un abordaje abierto a través de un acceso coronal, mediante el cual se redujeron las arcadas y se fijaron con placas de titanio y tornillos del sistema 2.0. Para el tratamiento de la fractura OPN se optó por un abordaje cerrado debido al mínimo desplazamiento. Conclusión: El tratamiento de reducción abierta con reducción abierta y fijación interna rígida demostró ser un abordaje eficaz para la alineación de las fracturas del hueso frontal, éxito de la técnica empleada en este caso... (AU)

New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, resulting from complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist of protocols aiming to alleviate the existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited to the advanced disease stages. In response to the low resolution and limitations of the DR treatment, there is an urgent need to develop more effective alternative therapies to optimize glycemic, vascular, and neuronal parameters, including the reduction in the cellular damage promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown that dietary polyphenols reduce oxidative and inflammatory parameters of various diseases by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways and gene expression, contributing to the improvement of several chronic diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the growing evidence for the bioactivities of phenolic compounds, there is still a lack of data, especially from human studies, on the therapeutic potential of these substances. This review aims to comprehensively describe and clarify the effects of dietary phenolic compounds on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DR, especially those of oxidative and inflammatory nature, through evidence from experimental studies. Finally, the review highlights the potential of dietary phenolic compounds as a prophylactic and therapeutic strategy and the need for further clinical studies approaching the efficacy of these substances in DR management.

Overexpression of heat-shock protein 47 impacts survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The expression of heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47) has been linked to collagen synthesis control and implicated in fibrotic disorders, but more recent studies have demonstrated its role in solid tumors. In this study, we explored the prognostic impact of HSP47 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and determined the in vitro effects of its loss-of-function on viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to cisplatin of OSCC cells. METHODS: The HSP47 expression in tumor samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry in two independent cohorts totaling 339 patients with OSCC, and protein levels were associated with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. The OSCC cell lines HSC3 and SCC9 were transduced with lentivirus expressing short hairpin RNA to stably silence HSP47 and used in assays to measure cellular viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS: HSP47 was overexpressed in OSCC samples, and its overexpression was significantly and independently associated with poor disease-specific survival and shortened disease-free survival in both OSCC cohorts. The knockdown of HSP47 showed no effects on cell viability or cisplatin sensitivity, but impaired significantly proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, with stronger effects on SCC9 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results show a significant prognostic impact of HSP47 overexpression in OSCC and reveal that HSP47 inhibition impairs the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. HSP47 may represent a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.

Synthesis, characterization and computational investigation of the phosphatase activity of a dinuclear Zinc(II) complex containing a new heptadentate asymmetric ligand.

We report the synthesis of a new asymmetric heptadentate ligand based on the 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol backbone. The ligand 3-[[3-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-(2-carbamoyl-ethyl)-amino]-propionamide (HL1) contains two amide and two pyridine groups attached to the 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol core. Reaction between HL1 and Zn(ClO4)2.6H2O resulted in the formation of the dinuclear [Zn2(L1)(µ-OAc)](ClO4)2 complex, characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H, 13C and 15N NMR, ESI-(+)-MS, CHN elemental analysis as well as infrared spectroscopy. The phosphatase activity of the complex was studied in the pH range 6-11 employing pyridinium bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate (py(BDNPP)) as substrate. The complex exhibited activity dependent on the pH, presenting an asymmetric bell shape profile with the highest activity at pH 9; at high pH ligand exchange is rate-limiting. The hydrolysis of BDNPP- at pH 9 displayed behavior characteristic of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with kcat = 5.06 × 10-3 min-1 and Km = 5.7 ± 1.0 mM. DFT calculations map out plausible reaction pathways and identify a terminal, Zn(II)-bound hydroxide as likely nucleophile.

Safety perception of gym attenders: a post 3rd Covid-19 infection peak / Percepção de segurança de frequentadores de academias: uma perspectiva pós 3º pico de infecção por Covid-19

RESUMO Em 2020, o vírus da COVID-19 chegou no Brasil e atingiu uma grande parte do território nacional. Dentre as medidas de segurança para evitar a disseminação, ocorreu o fechamento de comércios não essenciais, como as academias de ginástica. Contudo, afirma-se que a prática de exercício físico auxilia na prevenção da COVID-19. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de segurança de frequentadores de academias climatizadas da cidade de Manaus-AM quanto ao contágio da COVID-19 nesses ambientes. Para a pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário autoaplicado abordando aspectos psicossociais, de saúde e comportamentais. Análises descritivas foram adotadas para as variáveis ​​categóricas e ​​numéricas. A associação foi testada aplicando o Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o teste Exato de Fisher. A significância foi estabelecida em 5%. Para 151 respondentes, a percepção de ocupação do espaço, a satisfação com a academia, o medo de morrer, a auto percepção de saúde e ser portador de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram variáveis que apresentaram associação com a percepção de segurança (p < 0,05 para todas as variáveis). Apesar de as academias cumprirem com as recomendações dos órgãos reguladores, aspectos pessoais influenciaram mais na percepção de segurança ao frequentar academias climatizadas de Manaus.

ABSTRACT In 2020, the COVID-19 virus arrived in Brazil and reached a large part of the national territory. Among the security measures to prevent the spread, non-essential businesses were closed, such as gyms. However, it is suggested that the practice of physical exercise can help prevent COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the safety perception of individuals who goes to climatized gyms in the city of Manaus regarding the contagion of COVID-19 in these environments. A self-applied questionnaire was elaborated addressing psychosocial, health and behavioral aspects. Descriptive analyses were adopted to categorical and numerical variables. The association was tested by applying Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at 5%. For 151 respondents, the perception of occupying space, satisfaction with the gym, fear of dying, self-perception of health and having a non-transmissible chronic disease were determining variables to present a greater or lesser perception of safety (p < 0.05 for all variables). Although the gyms comply with the recommendations of regulatory bodies, personal aspects influenced more the perception of safety when attending air-conditioned gyms in Manaus.

DFT-1/2 method applied to 3D topological insulators.

In this paper, we present results and describe the methodology of application of DFT-1/2 method for five three-dimensional topological insulators materials that have been extensively studied in last years: Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, CuTlSe2and CuTlS2. There are many differences between the results of simple DFT calculations and quasiparticle energy correction methods for these materials, especially for band dispersion in the character band inversion region. The DFT-1/2 leads to quite accurate results not only for band gaps, but also for the shape and atomic character of the bands in the neighborhood of the inversion region as well as the topological invariants, essential quantities to describe the topological properties of materials. The methodology is efficient and ease to apply for the different approaches used to obtain the topological invariantZ2, with the benefit of not increasing the computational cost in comparison with standard DFT, possibilitating its application for materials with a high number of atoms and complex systems.

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Type 1 Virus Infection / Terapia Fotodinâmica no Tratamento de Infecção pelo Vírus Herpes Simples Tipo 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is primarily responsible for the development of painful mucocutaneous viral lesions in the head and neck region. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) consists of the use of a photosensitizing chemical substance, which interacts with an appropriate light source under the presence of oxygen, with consequent destruction or microorganisms' inactivation . The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of aPDT in the treatment of HSV-1, as well as to identify and characterize the main photosensitizing agents used in this technique. This was a narrative literature review, based on the research of scientific articles carried out in the PubMed database, from February to June 2021, using the crossing of the descriptors Decs/Mesh "photodynamic therapy" and "viral infection"; "photodynamic therapy" and "herpes virus". According to the established criteria, a total of 27 articles published in the last 20 years were included. The results demonstrate that despite the scarcity of studies involving aPDT in herpetic lesions, a single application of this therapy and with different protocols improved the clinical appearance and associated symptoms. Thus, antiviral PDT has been shown to be effective in in vitro and in vivo studies, regardless of the dye used. However, more controlled clinical trials need to be carried out in order to establish the real effectiveness of this therapeutic resource in viral infections. (AU)

O vírus herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) é o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento de lesões virais dolorosas mucocutâneas em região de cabeça e pescoço. A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT), por sua vez, consiste no uso de uma substância química fotossensibilizadora, que interage com uma fonte de luz apropriada sob a presença de oxigênio, com consequente destruição ou inativação de microrganismos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da aPDT no tratamento de HSV-1, bem como identificar e caracterizar os principais agentes fotossensibilizadores utilizados nessa técnica. Tratou-se de revisão narrativa de literatura, com base na pesquisa de artigos científicos realizada na base de dados PubMed, de fevereiro a junho de 2021, utilizando o cruzamento dos descritores Decs/Mesh "photodinamic therapy" and "viral infection"; "photodynamic therapy" and "herpes virus". De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, um total de 27 artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos foram incluídos. Os resultados demonstram que apesar da escassez de estudos que envolvam a aPDT em lesões herpéticas, uma única aplicação desta terapia e com diferentes protocolos promoveu melhora do aspecto clínico e dos sintomas associados. Desta maneira, a PDT antiviral demonstrou ser efetiva em estudos in vitro e in vivo, independente do corante adotado. Entretanto, mais ensaios clínicos controlados precisam ser realizados com o objetivo de se estabelecer a real eficácia deste recurso terapêutico em infecções virais. (AU)

Oral Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: a Critical Review / Manifestações Orais Associadas ao COVID-19: uma Revisão Crítica

Abstract With a high global impact, the main target of recent health-related studies focuses on the current pandemic caused by COVID-19, a zoonotic infection mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which shows high transmission and mortality capacity. This paper aims to analyze, by means of a careful literature review , the current evidence on the manifestations of COVD-19 in the oral cavity, seeking to understand whether these are primarily from the virus, or secondary factors. This is a narrative literature review based on the research of articles carried out on the platforms: Pubmed, Google scholar, Scielo and Lilacs, in the period from June-August 2020, using the crossing of Decs / Mesh descriptors with the use of the Boolean operator AND. Only articles from 2020 were selected, in English or Portuguese and, after the search was refined, a total of 24 articles were selected. Among the manifestations expressed in the oral cavity, taste changes are present in most cases. In addition, vesiculobullous and ulcerative oral lesions have been observed in some case reports, however, due to the scarcity of information coupled with the recent emergence of this infection, further studies should be carried out in an attempt to prove or discard the association of COVID-19 with these oral manifestations. (AU)

Resumo Com alto impacto global, o principal alvo de estudos recentes na área de saúde concentra-se na atual pandemia causada pelo COVID-19, uma infecção zoonótica mediada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, que apresenta alta taxa de transmissão e mortalidade. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, por meio de uma revisão criteriosa da literatura, as evidências atuais sobre as manifestações da COVD-19 na cavidade oral, buscando entender se estas são principalmente de origem viral ou de fatores secundários. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura a partir da pesquisa de artigos realizada nas plataformas: Pubmed, Google scholar, Scielo e Lilacs, no período de junho a agosto de 2020, utilizando o cruzamento dos descritores Decs / Mesh com os uso do operador booleano AND. Foram selecionados apenas artigos do ano de 2020, em inglês ou português e, após o refinamento da busca, foram selecionados 24 artigos. Dentre as manifestações expressas na cavidade oral, as alterações do paladar estão presentes na maioria dos casos. Além disso, lesões orais vesiculobolhosas e ulcerativas têm sido observadas em alguns relatos de casos, porém, devido à escassez de informações aliada ao recente surgimento dessa infecção, novos estudos devem ser realizados na tentativa de comprovar ou descartar a associação do COVID-19 com essas manifestações orais. (AU)

Stress induced phosphoprotein 1 overexpression controls proliferation, migration and invasion and is associated with poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Although there have been remarkable achievements in the molecular landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in recent years, bringing advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, development and progression, little has been applied in the prognosis and choosing the optimal treatment. In this study, we explored the influence of the stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), which is frequently reported to be highly expressed in many cancers, in OSCCs. Methods: STIP1 expression was assessed in the TCGA database and in two independent cohorts by immunohistochemistry. Knockdown strategy was applied in OSCC cell lines to determine the impact of STIP1 on viability, proliferation, migration and invasion. The zebrafish model was applied for studying tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. The association of STIP1 and miR-218-5p was explored by bioinformatics and mimics transfection. Results: STIP1 was highly expressed in OSCCs and significantly associated with shortened survival and higher risk of recurrence. STIP1 down-regulation decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells, and reduced the number of metastases in the Zebrafish model. STIP1 and miR-218-5p were inversely expressed, and the transfection of miR-218-5p mimics into OSCC cells decreased STIP1 levels as well as proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion: Our findings show that STIP1 overexpression, which is inversely associated with miR-218-5p levels, contributes to OSCC aggressiveness by controlling proliferation, migration and invasion and is a determinant of poor prognosis.

Cardiovascular physiology and autonomic heart control principles: the use of a station rotation strategy to recall basic cardiovascular knowledge among exercise science students

Abstract Aim: Cardiovascular physiology learned by exercise science students is often quickly forgotten. We tested whether a state rotation model would help students to recall key principles of Cardiovascular Physiology (CV). Methods: Seventy-one undergraduate students enrolled in the Exercise Physiology Course at the School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, participated in the study. The students were randomly assigned into one of 4 stations, dedicated to recalling the concepts of the heart as a pump (e.g. preload, post-load, and contractility; station 1) and hemodynamics (e.g. serial and parallel conductance; station 2) by using the educational tool. Heart rate (HR) control by sympathetic nervous system activation (station 3) and HR control by vagal activation (station 4) were assessed by quantifying HR response to the Stroop color and word test and during face immersion in cold water, respectively. To evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, we used a Socrative app to launch eight multiple-choice questions before (PRE) and after (POST) the student's station rotation. The questions were related to the basic principles of exercise physiology and its consequences on the cardiovascular system. Results: The 4-station average score (% of corrected answers) achieved after the station rotation was higher than the score achieved before (71.21%, SD 14.50 vs. 31.07%, SD 18.04; for POST and PRE, respectively p < 0.005). Considering specific stations, the lowest score of corrected answers before the rotation was observed at station 2- hemodynamics when compared with station 1-heart as a pump and station 3/4 - autonomic control (18.9%, SD 0.9 vs. 46.5, SD 24.1 and 34.8, SD 2.1 for hemodynamics, heart as a pump and autonomic control, respectively). Interestingly, after the rotation, there was a significant increase in corrected scores for all stations (33.9, SD 9.8; 80.5, SD 4.6 and 90.2, SD 2.3, for hemodynamics, heart as a pump, and autonomic control, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of the educational tool was effective to recall CV principles that are essential to a better understanding of the CV responses to exercise and applying the concepts in exercise testing and prescription for different populations.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity.

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is a major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. The available therapy for this disease is based on two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which exhibit severe side effects, including resistance, severe cytotoxicity, variable efficacy and inefficiency in the chronic phase. Therefore, new drugs are urgently needed. Coordination compounds may be an interesting alternative for antiparasite therapy against Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii and T. cruzi. Herein, we tested the in vitro effect on T. cruzi epimastigotes (Y strain) of two new µ-oxo Fe(III) dinuclear complexes: [(HL1)(Cl)Fe(µ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)2·(CH3CH2OH)2·H2O (1) and [(HL2)(Cl)Fe(µ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)2·H2O (2) where HL1 and HL2 are ligands which contain two pyridines, amine and alcohol moieties with a naphthyl pendant unit yielding a N3O coordination environment. Complexes (1) and (2), which are isomers, were completely characterized, including X-ray diffraction studies for complex (1). Parasites were treated with the complexes and the outcome was analyzed. Complex (1) exhibited the lowest IC50 values, which were 99 ± 3, 97 ± 2 and 110 ± 39 nM, after 48, 72 and 120 h of treatment, respectively. Complex (2) showed IC50 values of 118 ± 5, 122 ± 6 and 104 ± 29 nM for the same treatment times. Low cytotoxicity to the host cell LLC-MK2 was found for both complexes, resulting in impressive selectivity indexes of 106 for complex (1) and 178 for (2), after 120 h of treatment. Treatment with both complexes reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the parasite. Ultrastructural analysis of the parasite after treatment with complexes showed that the mitochondria outer membrane presented swelling and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast; in addition, reservosomes presented anomalous spicules and rupture. The complexes showed low nanomolar IC50 values affecting mitochondria and reservosomes, essential organelles for the survival of the parasite. The low IC50 and the high selectivity index show that both complexes act as a new prototype of drugs against T. cruzi and may be used for further development in drug discovery to treat Chagas disease.

DFT-1/2 method applied to 2D topological insulators: fluorinated and hydrogenated group-IV honeycomb systems.

We present a computationally efficient and accurate methodology to computeZ2topological invariants for systems without inversion symmetry including quasiparticle (QP) effects within the density functional theory (DFT)-1/2 method. The Wannier charge center evolution is applied to compute theZ2topological invariant and investigate the topological properties of group-IV graphene-like systems, graphene, silicene, germanene and stanene, whose inversion symmetry is broken by simultaneous functionalization with hydrogen and fluorine atoms. Different atomic arrangements are studied. The systems are stable with cohesive energy decreasing along the row from carbon to tin. A similar trend is observed for band gaps. The resulting topological invariants are compared with values obtained within conventional DFT and using a hybrid exchange-correlation functional. The variation of the results with the treatment of exchange and correlation demonstrates the importance of QP corrections for the prediction of the topological or trivial character.

Acute Oral Manifestations in Patients Submitted to Radiotherapy in the Head and Neck Region: Literature Narrative Review / Manifestações Orais Agudas em Pacientes Submetidos à Radioterapia em Região de Cabeça e Pescoço: Revisão Narrativa da Literatura

The use of ionizing radiation, affects not only malignant cells but also healthy tissues, and promotes several side acute or late effects in the oral cavity. Among the acute effects, oral mucositis, xerostomia, hyposalivation, dysgeusia and dysphagia present a prominent role. The present study aims to conduct a narrative literature review on radiotherapy in the head and neck region as a therapeutic modality for cancer in this region and the main acute oral manifestations and their respective treatments. This was an exploratory literature rev iew, through the database of Scielo, Pubmed, Medline and institutional websites using the crossing of the descriptors in English and Portuguese "head and neck neoplasms", "radiotherapy", "xerostomia", "dysgeusia" and "dysphagia". According to the established criteria, a total of 46 articles and 2 institutional websites were selected from the databases, and one book was added for presenting relevance on this theme. The results demonstrate that oral mucositis is the most prevalent acute effect and has a direct impact on patient's quality of life, but there is no gold standard treatment. Dysphagia, xerostomia, hyposalivation and dysgeusia are common manifestations in irradiated patients, and present several therapeutic modalities. Given the importance of side effects of radiotherapy in head and neck region, further studies are nee ded to widely disseminate acute oral manifestations in irradiated patients. (AU)

A utilização de radiação ionizante, no câncer de cabeça e pescoço, afeta não somente células malignas, mas também tecidos sadios, o que promove diversos efeitos colaterais em cavidade oral, classificados em agudos ou tardios. Dentre os efeitos agudos, a muc osite oral, xerostomia, hipossalivação, disgeusia e disfagia apresentam papel de destaque. O presente trabalho visou realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre a radioterapia em região de cabeça e pescoço como modalidade terapêutica para o câncer nesta região e as principais manifestações orais agudas decorrentes da radiação ionizante e seus respectivos tratamentos. Tratou-se de revisão de literatura do tipo exploratória, através das bases de dados da Scielo, Pubmed, Medline e sites institucionais utilizando o cruzamento dos descritores em inglês e português "neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço", "radioterapia", "mucosite oral", "xerostomia", "disgeusia" e "disfagia". De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, um total de 46 artigos e 2 sites institucionais foram selecionados nas bases de dados, e 1 livro foi acrescentado por apresentar relevância sobre a temática em questão. Os resultados demonstram que a mucosite oral é o efeito agudo mais pre valente e apesar de ter impacto direto na qualidade de vida, não há tratamento considerado padrão ouro para esta condição. A disfag ia, xerostomia, hipossalivação e disgeusia são manifestações comuns em pacientes irradiados, e apresentam diversas modalidades terapêuticas que podem ser empregadas. Dada à importância dos efeitos colaterais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço, torna-se necessária a realização de mais estudos afim de divulgar amplamente as manifestações orais agudas em pacientes irradiados. (AU)

Magnitude and duration of excess of post-exercise oxygen consumption between high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise: A systematic review.

The present systematic review examined the effect of exercise intensity (high-intensity interval exercise [HIIE] vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise [MICE] vs. sprint interval exercise [SIE]) on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twenty-two studies were included in the final evaluation. The retrieved investigations were split into studies that analysed short-duration (until 3 h) and long-duration (more than 3 h) EPOC. Studies that subtracted the baseline energy expenditure (EE) were analysed separately from those that did not. Most short-duration evaluations that subtracted baseline EE reported higher EPOC for HIIE (average of ~136 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~101 kJ) and higher values for SIE (average of ~241 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~151 kJ). The long-duration evaluations resulted in greater EPOC for HIIE (average of ~289 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~159 kJ), while no studies comparing SIE versus MICE provided appropriate values. EE from EPOC seems to be greater following HIIE and SIE compared with MICE, and long-duration evaluations seem to present higher values than short-duration evaluations. Additionally, more standardized methodologies are needed in order to determine the effective EPOC time following these protocols.

Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey with adults in Northern Brazil / Atividade física durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma pesquisa com adultos do norte do Brasil

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the social distancing recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity behavior in adults living in the Northern Brazil region. A final sample of 654 adults (386 women) aged 33 ± 10 years old participated in this study. A questionnaire with 45 questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics, self-perception of health and characteristics of physical activity behavior before and after the recommendations of social distancing was applied in an online format. Comparisons between levels of physical activity be-fore and after pandemic were conducted applying a McNemar test. A binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors associated to being physically active during the pandemic. Analyzing the percentage levels of physical activity before and during social distancing, we observed an increase of physically inactive behavior (19% vs. 36.7%), as well as a decrease in active (32.6% vs. 18.6%) and very active (16.7% vs. 6.6%) behaviors, respectively. Among participants, 59.2% of them became sedentary during pandemic. Walking and running activities continued to be among the most practiced, although they showed a reduction during social distancing. Social distancing recommendations due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in the overall levels of physical activity in adults living in the Amazonas State and specifically in the practice of individuals who were physically active and very physically active before pandemic

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto das recomendações de distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 sobre os níveis de prática de atividade física em adultos residentes na região Norte do Brasil. Uma amostra final de 654 adultos (386 mulheres) com idade de 33 ± 10 anos participou deste estudo. Foi aplicado, em formato online, um questionário com 45 questões sobre características sociodemográficas, autopercepção de saúde e características do comportamento de prática de atividade física antes e após as recomendações de distanciamento social. As comparações entre os níveis de atividade física antes e depois da pandemia foram realizadas aplicando um teste de McNemar. Uma regressão logística binária foi aplicada para analisar os fatores associados à atividade física durante a pandemia. Analisando os níveis percentuais de atividade física antes e durante o distanciamento social, observamos um aumento do comportamento fisicamente inativo (19% vs. 36,7%), bem como uma diminuição dos comportamentos ativo (32,6% vs. 18,6%) e muito ativo (16,7%) vs. 6,6%). Entre os participantes, 59,2% deles se tornaram sedentários durante a pandemia. As atividades de caminhada e corrida continuaram entre as mais praticadas, embora tenham apresentado redução durante o distanciamento social. As recomendações de distanciamento social devido à pandemia COVID-19 causaram diminuição nos níveis gerais de atividade física em adultos residentes no Estado do Amazonas e especificamente na prática de indivíduos que eram fisicamente ativos e muito ativos antes da pandemia

Efficient calculation of excitonic effects in solids including approximated quasiparticle energies.

In this work we present a new procedure to compute optical spectra including excitonic effects and approximated quasiparticle corrections with reduced computational effort. The excitonic effects on optical spectra are included by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation, considering quasiparticle eigenenergies and respective wavefunctions obtained within DFT-1/2 method. The electron-hole ladder diagrams are approximated by the screened exchange. To prove the capability of the procedure, we compare the calculated imaginary part of the dielectric functions of Si, Ge, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP, and InSb with experimental data. The energy position of the absorption peaks are correctly described. The good agreement with experimental results together with the very significant reduction of computational effort makes the procedure suitable on the investigation of optical spectra of more complex systems.

Positive Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Four High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols.

Several variables can be manipulated to compose high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols, and these different combinations may evoke different psychological responses (affect, enjoyment, mood, and perceived exertion). This study investigated psychological responses during four HIIE protocols. Following anthropometric measurements and two maximal exercise tests, 23 physically inactive adults (11 males [Mage = 25.6, SD = 4.8 years; Mbody mass = 68.5, SD = 12.2 kg; Mheight = 1.72, SD = 0.08 m] and 12 females [Mage = 25.0, SD = 3.5 years; Mbody mass = 57.2, SD = 8.7 kg; Mheight = 1.59, SD = 0.06 m]) performed four different types of HIIE on different days: (a) Long-interval HIIE (HIIEL-10 × 60 seconds:60 seconds), (b) Short-interval HIIE (HIIES-2 blocks of 10 × 30 seconds:30 seconds with 120 seconds between blocks), (c) Repeated Sprint Training (19 × 6 seconds all out:40 seconds), and (d) Sprint Interval Training (4 × 30 seconds all-out efforts: 240 seconds). We used a final session to assess participants' HIIE preference. We recorded participant reports of affect, mood, and perceived exertion throughout protocols, and we recorded enjoyment after exercise session. Perceived exertion significantly increased across all HIIE protocols (p < .001), with higher values in the first quartile during Sprint Interval Training versus HIIEL (p = .033). Affective response presented higher values pre-exercise and at the first quartile compared with all other moments (p < .001). Tension (p < .001) and depression (p = .013) decreased from pre- to post-exercise in all experimental conditions. At pre-exercise, female participants were tenser than males (p = .018), though males presented higher pre-exercise vigor scores than females (p = .023). Vigor increased over time for females (p = .022). Enjoyment did not vary between sexes or protocols. Participants expressed a higher preference for Repeated Sprint Training. HIIE protocols promoted positive psychological responses for physically inactive young adults, and exercise designs may modulate psychological responses.