Cuidado com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva: um olhar a partir da percepção de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres / Sexual and Reproductive Health Care: a look from the perspective of women who have sex with women / El cuidado de la salud sexual y reproductiva: una mirada desde la perspectiva de las mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres

Objetivo: o presente estudo se destina a compreender a percepção das mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres, referente ao cuidado que recebem nos serviços de saúde, no âmbito de sua saúde sexual e reprodutiva, a fim de verificar se o atendimento ofertado atende a integralidade de seu direito à saúde e, também, evidenciar o papel dos profissionais de saúde na garantia desses direitos. Metodologia: foi realizada revisão de literatura nacional para elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados e pesquisa qualiquantitativa através de formulário e entrevista individual via internet. Resultados: Foram obtidas 287 respostas, as falas revelaram as seguintes categorias: A- Violência física sofrida em serviços de saúde, B- Negligência e falta de acolhimento em consultas ginecológicas e em serviços de saúde, C- Presunção da heterossexualidade nos serviços de saúde, D- Invisibilidade e violência moral e psicológica. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres ainda sofrem uma série de discriminações e violências nos serviços de saúde, ao buscarem cuidados integrais, principalmente no que tange aos seus direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.

Objective: this study is intended to understand the perception of women who have sex with women, regarding the care they receive in health services, within the scope of their sexual and reproductive health, in order to verify whether the care offered to them meets the integrality of their right to health and, also, highlight the role of health professionals in guaranteeing these rights. Methodology: A national literature review was carried out for the elaboration of the data collection instrument and qualitative and quantitative research through an individual form and individual interview via the internet. Results: 287 responses were obtained, the statements revealed the following categories: A- Physical violence suffered in health services, B- Negligence and lack of acceptance in gynecological consultations and health services, C- Presumption of heterosexuality in health services, D- Invisibility and, moral and psychological violence. Conclusion: it was evident that women who have sex with women still suffer a series of discrimination and violence in health services, when seeking comprehensive care, especially with regard to their sexual and reproductive rights.

Objetivo: este estudio tiene como finalidad conocer la percepción de las mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres, respecto a la atención que reciben en los servicios de salud, en el ámbito de su salud sexual y reproductiva, con el fin de verificar si la atención que se les brinda cumple con la integralidad de su derecho a la salud y, además, destacar el papel de los profesionales de la salud en la garantía de estos derechos. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura nacional para la elaboración del instrumento de recolección de datos e investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa a través de formulario individual y entrevista individual vía internet. Resultados: se obtuvieron 287 respuestas, los enunciados revelaron las siguientes categorías: A- Violencia física sufrida en los servicios de salud, B- Negligencia y falta de aceptación en las consultas ginecológicas y servicios de salud, C- Presunción de heterosexualidad en los servicios de salud, D- Invisibilidad y violencia moral y psicológica. Conclusión: se evidenció que las mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres aún sufren una serie de discriminaciones y violencias en los servicios de salud, al momento de buscar atención integral, especialmente en lo que se refiere a sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos.

Microbial diversity and abundance of Hg related genes from water, sediment and soil the Colombian amazon ecosystems impacted by artisanal and small-scale gold mining.

The Amazon region abounds in precious mineral resources including gold, copper, iron, and coltan. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) poses a severe risk in this area due to considerable mercury release into the surrounding ecosystems. Nonetheless, the impact of mercury on both the overall microbiota and the microbial populations involved in mercury transformation is not well understood. In this study we evaluated microbial diversity in samples of soil, sediment and water potentially associated with mercury contamination in two localities (Taraira and Tarapacá) in the Colombian Amazon Forest. To this end, we characterized the bacterial community structure and mercury-related functions in samples from sites with a chronic history of mercury contamination which today have different levels of total mercury content. We also determined mercury bioavailability and mobility in the samples with the highest THg and MeHg levels (up to 43.34 and 0.049 mg kg-1, respectively, in Taraira). Our analysis of mercury speciation showed that the immobile form of mercury predominated in soils and sediments, probably rendering it unavailable to microorganisms. Despite its long-term presence, mercury did not appear to alter the microbial community structure or composition, which was primarily shaped by environmental and physicochemical factors. However, an increase in the relative abundance of merA genes was detected in polluted sediments from Taraira. Several Hg-responsive taxa in soil and sediments were detected in sites with high levels of THg, including members of the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi phyla. The results suggest that mercury contamination at the two locations sampled may select mercury-adapted bacteria carrying the merA gene that could be used in bioremediation processes for the region.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and their HLA ligands in a Brazilian population.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) exhibit extensive diversity, giving rise to different KIR profiles in populations worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of KIR genes and HLA ligands in a population from Campinas, southeastern Brazil (n = 292), and to compare their results with other populations. A comprehensive analysis of population-specific genes, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of KIR may facilitate a better understanding of their evolution and role in immunity. The genotyping of 16 KIR genes and HLA class I alleles was performed by the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide methodology using the Luminex platform (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA). The framework genes were present in all individuals, with the most common non-framework KIR genes detected being KIR2DP1(96.6%), KIR2DL1(95.5%), KIR3DL1(94.5%), KIR2DS4(93.8%) and KIR2DL3(87.3%). KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5, and KIR3DS1 presented frequencies below 40%. KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5, and KIR2DS2 showed intermediate frequencies (between53% and 58%). The activating gene KIR2DS5 was the least common in this population (30.8%). Forty-five KIR profiles were found with the commonest being the homozygous A haplotype (27.4%). The distribution of KIR genes in the Brazilian population is similar to Caucasian European and Euro-descendant populations.

Highly mercury-resistant strains from different Colombian Amazon ecosystems affected by artisanal gold mining activities.

Two sites of the Colombian Amazon region with different levels of human intervention and mercury pollution were selected for the collection of samples of river and lake water, sediments, and associated forest soils. The Tarapacá region, affected mainly by barrage mining, showed low mercury concentrations, whilst in the Taraira region, affected by underground mining, there were several points with high mercury pollution levels. A collection of 72 bacterial and 10 yeast strains with different levels of mercury resistance was isolated and characterized. Most of the highly resistant bacterial strains (MIC > 40 mg L-1 HgCl2) were isolated from soil and sediment samples and belonged to either Pseudomonas (60%) or Bacillus (20%). Most of highly resistant bacterial strains were positive for the presence of the merA gene, suggesting an active mercury resistance mechanism. This was confirmed in the two most resistant strains, Pseudomonas sp. TP30 and Burkholderia contaminans TR100 (MIC = 64 and 71 mg L-1 HgCl2, respectively), which in the presence of increasing mercury concentrations expressed the merA gene at increasing levels, concomitant with a significant mercury reduction activity. Analysis of the MerA sequences present in the different isolates suggested a high gene conservation within the taxonomic groups but also several horizontal gene transfer events between taxonomically distant genera. We also observed a positive correspondence between the presence of the merA gene and the number of antibiotics to which the strains were resistant to. The most resistant strains are good candidates for future applications in the bioremediation of mercury-contaminated sites in the Amazon.Key points• Amazon sediments affected by underground gold mining have higher Hg levels.• Highly Hg-resistant isolates belonged to Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera.• TR100 and TP30 strains showed remediation potential to be used in the Amazon region.

Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, DRB1*11:261 and DRB1*13:286 identified by sequencing in Brazilian individuals.

Two novel HLA alleles DRB1*11:261 and DRB1*13:286 have nonsynonymous mutations in exon 2.

Neonatal overnutrition programming impairs cholecystokinin effects in adultmale rats.

Overfeeding and rapid weight gain during early life are risk factors for the development of obesity in adulthood. This metabolic malprogramming may be mediated by endocrine disturbances during critical periods of development. Cholecystokinin (CCK) acts on the central nervous system by elevating thermogenesis and the activity of anorectic neurons, modulating overall energy balance. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that postnatal overfeeding impaired CCK effects. Pups were raised in either a litter of three (neonatal overnutrition/small litter group) or 12 (controls/normal litter group) pups per dam to study the effects of postnatal overfeeding on the central and peripheral CCK systems in adulthood. Rats raised in small litters became overweight during lactation and remained overweight as adults, with increased adiposity and plasma levels of lipids, glucose, insulin, and leptin. Neonatally over-nourished rats showed attenuation of gastric emptying and anorexigenic response to CCK, suggesting that offspring from the SL group may present CCK resistance as adult male rats. Consistent with this idea, overweight rats displayed impaired central response in c-Fos immunoreactivity on the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, paraventricular nucleus, central amygdala, arcuate nucleus, and dorsomedial hypothalamus in response to peripheral CCK at adulthood. The small litter group of adult male rats also exhibited reduced norepinephrine- and CCK-stimulated thermogenesis. Unresponsiveness to the effects of CCK may contribute to overweight and metabolic dysfunctions observed in postnatally over-nourished adult rats. Thus, the involvement of an impaired CCK system, among other neurohormonal failures, may contribute to the development of obesity.

Violência obstétrica no Brasil: um conceito em construção para a garantia do direito integral à saúde das mulheres / Obstetric violence in Brazil: a concept under construction to guarantee the integral right to women's health / Violencia obstétrica en Brasil: un concepto en construcción para garantizar el derecho integral a la salud de las mujeres

Introdução: a violência obstétrica vem sendo entendida como toda violência física, moral, patrimonial ou psicológica praticada contra as mulheres no momento do parto, pós-parto e puerpério, sendo constatada em diversas práticas que ocorrem nos sistemas de saúde, tanto público quanto privado. Objetivo: busca aproximar o direito sanitário das questões relacionadas à garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres, como parte indissociável do direito à saúde, abordando o conceito de violência obstétrica e as proposições legislativas que tramitam no Congresso Nacional brasileiro sobre o tema. Metodologia: utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, utilizando o descritor violência obstétrica nos sítios de busca. Resultados: foram identificadas 11 proposições legislativas sobre o tema, das quais 10 fizeram parte do presente estudo; também foram abordados o conceito e os principais posicionamentos políticos e sociais sobre a violência obstétrica. Conclusões: o número de proposições legislativas no parlamento brasileiro sinalizam sobre a necessidade da disciplina jurídica do tema, entendendo-o de forma ampla, conforme posicionamento dos movimentos sociais em prol dos direitos das mulheres, e que a disciplina jurídica do tema se revela necessária para dirimir divergências acerca da aplicação do termo violência obstétrica e suas repercussões na prática médica e nos serviços de saúde no Brasil, tendo em vista a proteção ao direito sexual e reprodutivo das mulheres.

Introduction: obstetric violence has been understood as any physical, moral, patrimonial or psychological violence practiced against women at delivery, postpartum and puerperium, that is verified in several practices that occur in health systems, both public and private. Objective: this article seeks to bring health law closer to issues related to the guarantee of sexual and reproductive rights, as an inseparable part of the right to health, approaching the concept of obstetric violence and the legislative proposals that are being processed in the Brazilian National Congress on the subject. Methodology: bibliographic and documentary research was used, using the descriptor obstetric violence on search sites. Results: eleven legislative proposals on the topic were identified, of which 10 were part of the present study, as well as the concept outlined on the topic and the main political and social positions on the subject were addressed. Conclusions: it is concluded that the largest number of legislative proposals in the brasilian parliament demonstrates the need for legal discipline on the topic, understanding it broadly, according to the position of social movements in favor of women's rights, and that the legal discipline of the theme is necessary to resolve differences over the application of the term obstetric violence and its repercussions in medical practice and in health services in Brazil, with a view to protecting women's sexual and reproductive rights.

Introducción: La violencia obstétrica se entiende como cualquier violencia física, moral, patrimonial o psicológica practicada contra las mujeres en el momento del parto, el posparto y el puerpério, siendo verificado en varias prácticas que ocurren en los sistemas de salud, tanto públicos como privados. Objetivo: Este artículo busca acercar los derechos de salud a cuestiones relacionadas con la garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres, como parte inseparable del derecho a la salud, como parte inseparable del derecho a la salud, abordando el concepto de violencia obstétrica y las propuestas legislativas que se están procesando en el Congreso Nacional de Brasil sobre el tema. Metodología: Se utilizó investigación bibliográfica y documental, utilizando el descriptor de violencia obstétrica en los sitios de búsqueda. Resultados: Se identificaron once propuestas legislativas sobre el tema, de las cuales 10 fueron parte del presente estudio, así como el concepto que se ha esbozado sobre el tema y se abordaron las principales posiciones políticas y sociales sobre el tema. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el número de propuestas legislativas en el parlamento brasilero indica la necesidad de disciplina legal sobre el tema, entendiéndolo ampliamente, de acuerdo con la posición de los movimientos sociales a favor de los derechos de las mujeres, y que la disciplina legal del tema es necesaria para resolver las diferencias sobre la aplicación del término violencia obstétrica y sus repercusiones en la práctica médica y los servicios de salud en Brasil, con miras a proteger los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres.

Partial remission in Brazilian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Association with a haplotype of class II human leukocyte antigen and synthesis of autoantibodies.

OBJECTIVE: Characterization of partial remission using the insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) ≤ 9 definition in a multiethnic Brazilian population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), in addition with the determination of both Class II HLA genotype and autoantibodies. METHODS: We analyzed the prevalence of partial remission in 51 new-onset T1D patients with a median time follow-up of 13 months from diagnosis. For this study, anti-GAD65, anti-IA2 and HLA class II genotyping were considered. RESULTS: Partial remission occurred in 41.2% of T1D patients until 3 months after diagnosis, mainly in those aged 5-15 years. We have demonstrated a significant increase in the haplotypes of class II HLA DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201 in children and adolescents with a partial remission phase of the disease (42.9% vs 21.7% in non-remitters, P = .0291). This haplotype was also associated with the reduction of anti-IA2 antibodies production. Homozygote DRB1*03-DQB1*0201/DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 children had the lowest prevalence of IA-2A antibodies (P = .0402). However, this association does not correlate with the time of the remission phase. CONCLUSION: Although the number of patients studied was reduced, our data suggested that the association between genetics and decrease in antibody production to certain islet auto-antigen may contribute, at least in part, to the remission phase of T1D.

Impact of SNPs/Haplotypes of IL10 and IFNG on the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on cytokine genes in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). One hundred and twelve patients and 221 controls were investigated. Among them, 97 patients treated with R-CHOP were subdivided into two groups: (i) complete remission of the disease and (ii) patients who progressed to death, relapsed, or had disease progression. The SNPs investigated by PCR-SSP were TNF -308G>A (rs1800629), IFNG +874A>T (rs2430561), IL6 -174G>C (rs1800795), IL10 -1082A>G (rs1800896), IL10 -819C>T (rs1800871), IL10 -592C>A (rs1800872), and TGFB1 codon10T>C (rs1982073) and codon25G>C (rs1800471). In general, the genotypes that have been associated in the literature with lower production or intermediate production of IL-10 and higher production of IFN-γ were associated with the protection of the development of the disease, possibly favoring the Th1 immune response and diminishing the capacity of cell proliferation. However, patients receiving R-CHOP treatment presented unfavorable prognoses in the presence of genotypes related to the intermediate production of IL-10 and high production of TGF-ß1, indicating that cytokines may be related to the response to treatment and action mechanisms of Rituximab.

[Epistemological analysis of the scientific knowledge about Toxocara sp. with the emphasis on human infection]. / Análise epistemológica dos conhecimentos científicos sobre Toxocara sp. com ênfase na infecção humana.

The scope of this article was to analyze the evolution of knowledge about Toxocara sp. from a zoonotic point of view by means of scientific data published between the years 1996 and 2015 using epistemology as a tool. The epistemological analysis of the evolution of knowledge on the zoonotic aspect of Toxocara sp. in Brazil revealed that, in general, little new information was added which had, over the period studied, slow and discontinuous absorption, and was not incorporated in the social reality from the standpoint of public health.

Este artigo objetivou analisar a evolução do conhecimento sobre Toxocara sp. em seu aspecto zoonótico por meio de dados científicos entre os anos de 1996 a 2015 utilizando a epistemologia como ferramenta. A análise epistemológica da evolução do conhecimento sobre o aspecto zoonótico de Toxocara sp. no Brasil demonstrou que, de uma maneira geral, foram agregadas poucas novas informações as quais tiveram, ao longo do período estudado, absorção lenta, descontínua, e não foram inseridas na realidade social do ponto de vista de Saúde Pública.

Análise epistemológica dos conhecimentos científicos sobre Toxocara sp. com ênfase na infecção humana / Epistemological analysis of the scientific knowledge about Toxocara sp. with the emphasis on human infection

Resumo Este artigo objetivou analisar a evolução do conhecimento sobre Toxocara sp. em seu aspecto zoonótico por meio de dados científicos entre os anos de 1996 a 2015 utilizando a epistemologia como ferramenta. A análise epistemológica da evolução do conhecimento sobre o aspecto zoonótico de Toxocara sp. no Brasil demonstrou que, de uma maneira geral, foram agregadas poucas novas informações as quais tiveram, ao longo do período estudado, absorção lenta, descontínua, e não foram inseridas na realidade social do ponto de vista de Saúde Pública.

Abstract The scope of this article was to analyze the evolution of knowledge about Toxocara sp. from a zoonotic point of view by means of scientific data published between the years 1996 and 2015 using epistemology as a tool. The epistemological analysis of the evolution of knowledge on the zoonotic aspect of Toxocara sp. in Brazil revealed that, in general, little new information was added which had, over the period studied, slow and discontinuous absorption, and was not incorporated in the social reality from the standpoint of public health.

Litter size reduction accentuates maternal care and alters behavioral and physiological phenotypes in rat adult offspring.

Maternal behavior has a substantial impact on the behavioral, endocrine, and neural development of the pups. This study investigated the effect of altering the neonatal nutritional environment by modifying the litter size on maternal care and anxiety- and fear-like behaviors in rats during adulthood. On postnatal day (PND) 2, litters were adjusted to a small litter (SL) size of three pups per dam or normal litter (NL) size of 12 pups per dam. Maternal behaviors were scored daily during lactation (PND2-21). The weight gain, food intake, adiposity, and biochemical landmarks of offspring rats were evaluated. On PND60, performances in the open field, elevated plus-maze (EPM), and fear conditioning test were measured. The reduction of the litter size enhanced maternal care in lactating rats, increasing the arched-back posture and licking pups. SL offspring exhibited accelerated weight gain, hyperphagia, increased visceral fat mass, dyslipidemia, and hyperleptinemia in adulthood. The SL offspring of both sexes showed an increase in the anti-thigmotactic effect in the open field, an intact anxious-phenotype in the EPM, and a decrease in the time spent freezing during the fear-conditioning test, compared to NL. The neonatal environment as determined by litter size plays a crucial role in programming the adult metabolic phenotype as well as behavioral responses to stressful stimuli, with an impact on anxiety-like and fear behaviors. These behavioral changes in offspring may be, at least in part, a result of increased maternal care.

Metformin influences on respiratory system in obese mice induced by postnatal overnutrition.

Many studies have confirmed the merits of metformin to treat type 2 diabetes, but few studies have addressed its effect on the respiratory system. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical to many lung functions. In this way, we evaluated the metformin impact on the lung in treated obese Swiss mice, induced by postnatal overnutrition. Glucose and insulin were detected and the insulin resistance index (HOMA) was calculated; inflammatory cells and nitrite/nitrate concentration (NOx) was quantified from bronchoalveolar lavage, collagen and lung VEGF-a was analysed in the lung tissue and lung mechanics were evaluated by methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Values of glucose, insulin, HOMA; VEGF-a and collagen demonstrate the partial ability of metformin to improve the effects of obesity. However, metformin is ineffective in re-establishing the inflammation, shows no effects on NOx and does not restore bronchoconstriction in obese mice. In conclusion, metformins beneficial effects on lung are questionable in the postnatal overnutrition model of obesity.

A garantia do Direito Sanitário sob a perspectiva de gênero: desafios e enfrentamentos perante o Sistema Único de Saúde para a garantia do direito à saúde das mulheres / The guarantee of the Health Law from a gender perspective: challenges and confrontations before the Unified Health System to guarantee the right to health of women

O presente ensaio busca aproximar o direito sanitário das questões relacionadas a gênero, no que tange à garantia integral e universal ao direito das mulheres e a população transexual, de forma a apontar desafios e convergências para a elaboração de politicas de saúde que possam olhar, de forma integrada, as necessidades e especificidades desses grupos perante o Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetiva, também, aproximar a compreensão do direito sanitário e sua relação com o gênero para o exercício desse direito em fóruns de participação popular e perante o sistema de justiça

Direito Sanitário da população transgênero: uma construção contemporânea / Health Law of the transgender population: a contemporary construction

O artigo busca aproximar o direito sanitário das questões relacionadas à população transgênero no Brasil, buscando a compreensão das identidades e da violência cometida contra essa população, bem como de que forma se inserem as demandas biopsicossociais desses indivíduos perante o Sistema Único de Saúde, com base nos princípios e diretrizes desse sistema. Objetiva, também, aproximar a compreensão do direito sanitário e sua relação com o gênero para o exercício desse direito em fóruns de participação popular e perante o sistema de justiça.

Humanização do acolhimento à mulher vítima de violência doméstica: revisão sistemática a partir da promulgação da Lei Maria da Penha

O artigo mostra a necessidade de identificar e determinar o acolhimento humanizado presente quando as mulheres aportam nos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar estudos sobre acolhimento a mulher vítima de violência doméstica capazes de garantir seus direitos a saúde integral e humanizada, identificando ainda qual o papel do profissional de saúde na garantia desses direitos. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática sobre o tema nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO, ao final da qual foram selecionados 19 artigos, pelas combinações de 3 dos 5 descritores: Violência doméstica; Mulheres; Serviços de saúde; Humanização; Profissionais de saúde, no período de 2003 a 2013. Todos os artigos com o Brasil como país de assunto, em língua portuguesa e com o assunto principal sendo violência doméstica. Resultados/Discussão: 15 dos artigos foram publicados após o ano de 2006, ano da promulgação da lei Maria Penha, comprovando o questionamento desse estudo: o crescimento de publicações à cerca do tema proposto, a partir de 2006. A partir dos artigos analisados, perceberam-se como os profissionais de saúde atendem às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica realçando a falta de humanização. Conclusão: Os profissionais não são capacitados e orientados para darem o apoio que estas mulheres precisam. Por isso ainda são falhos em ajudá-las na garantia do direito à saúde integral.

Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil.

Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.

Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil / Flebotomíneos em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no litoral do Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.

Resumo Os flebotomíneos apresentam uma ampla distribuição mundial com muitas espécies presentes no Brasil, inclusive na região Nordeste, onde a fauna é bastante rica. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a fauna de flebotomíneos em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), no estado de Pernambuco. As capturas foram realizadas mensalmente, durante três noites consecutivas das 17h às 5h, utilizando sete armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC, no período de outubro de 2015 a setembro de 2016. As fêmeas identificadas foram utilizadas para análise molecular para detecção de Leishmania. Um total de 2.174 espécimes pertencentes a dez espécies foram coletadas: Lutzomyia choti (88,2%; 1.917/2.174) a espécie mais abundante, seguida por Lutzomyia whitmani (8,1%; 176/2.174) e Lutzomyia sordellii (1,5%; 33/2.174). A maioria dos espécimes foi coletada no peridomicílio (64,1%; 1.394/2.174) e no período chuvoso. Todas as amostras avaliadas foram negativas para Leishmania spp. A presença de Lutzomyia whitmani no intradomicílio e peridomicílio indica que a população residente nesta área está exposta ao risco de infecção por parasitos causadores de LTA.