Extrusive, Intrusive Luxation and Avulsion in a 7-Year- Old Child: One year of Clinical, Radiographic and Tomographic Follow-Up

ABSTRACT: Dental trauma is a serious injury that occurs frequently in children and adolescents, requiring urgent dental care. The upper central incisors are the most vulnerable teeth to such traumatic injuries, which can lead to bite restrictions, difficulties in phonation and esthetical questions. The aim of this study was to report the success of a conserva tive approach carried out on a 7-year-old patient, victim of multiple dental trauma, involving permanent and deciduous teeth. The male patient fell from his own height, causing soft tissue lacerations and dento-alveolar traumatism in both deciduous and permanent teeth. Complementary examinations (periapical radiographs and computed tomography) were carried out. Based on the diagnoses the patient was referred to specialists for appropriate treatment. The present report highlights the importanc e of an early diagnosis, suitable treatment and follow-up of patients after an alveoli-dental trauma and shows the direct relationship of this approach with the prognosis of the patient and the tooth.

RESUMEN: El trauma dentario es una lesión grave que ocurre con frecuencia en niños y adolescentes y requiere atención dental urgente. Los incisivos centrales superiores son las piezas dentarias más vulnerables a dichos traumas, pudiendo generar restricciones en la mordida, la fonación y a nivel estético. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar el éxito de un enfoque conservador llevado a cabo en un niño de 7 años de edad, víctima de un trauma dentario múltiple, que involucró tanto dientes temporales como permanentes. El paciente masculino, cayó desde su propia altura, causando laceraciones en los tejidos blandos y traumatismo dento- alveolar en piezas de ambas denticiones. Se llevaron a cabo exámenes complementarios (radiografías periapicales y tomografía computarizada). Basado en el diagnóstico, el paciente fue referido a especialistas para realizar el tratamiento apropiado. El presente reporte destaca la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz, un tratamiento adecuado y el seguimiento de los pacientes luego de un trauma dento-alveolar, y cómo este enfoque muestra relación directa con el pronóstico del paciente y del diente.

Oral mycobiome identification in atopic dermatitis, leukemia, and HIV patients - a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Oral mycobiome profiling is important to understand host-pathogen interactions that occur in various diseases. Invasive fungal infections are particularly relevant for patients who have received chemotherapy and for those who have HIV infection. In addition, changes in fungal microbiota are associated with the worsening of chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD). This work aims, through a systematic review, to analyze the methods used in previous studies to identify oral fungi and their most frequent species in patients with the following conditions: HIV infection, leukemia, and atopic dermatitis. METHODS: A literature search was performed on several different databases. Inclusion criteria were: written in English or Portuguese; published between September 2009 and September 2019; analyzed oral fungi of HIV-infected, leukemia, or AD patients. RESULTS: 21 studies were included and the most identified species was Candida. The predominant methods of identification were morphological (13/21) and sugar fermentation and assimilation tests (11/21). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was the most used molecular method (8/21) followed by sequencing techniques (3/21). CONCLUSIONS: Although morphological and biochemical tests are still used, they are associated with high-throughput sequencing techniques, due to their accuracy and time saving for profiling the predominant species in oral mycobiome.