Pilot Trial on Ischemic Conditioning of the Gastric Conduit in Esophageal Cancer: Feasibility and Impact on Anastomotic Leakage (TIGOAL-I).

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of gastric conditioning using preoperative arterial embolization (PAE) before McKeown esophagectomy at a tertiary university hospital. Background: Cervical anastomotic leakage (AL) is a common complication of esophagectomy. Limited clinical evidence suggests that gastric conditioning mitigates this risk. Methods: This pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted between April 2016 and October 2021 at a single-center tertiary hospital. Eligible patients with resectable malignant esophageal tumors, suitable for cervical esophagogastrostomy, were randomized into 2 groups: one receiving PAE and the other standard treatment. The primary endpoints were PAE-related complications and incidence of cervical AL. Results: The study enrolled 40 eligible patients. PAE-related morbidity was 10%, with no Clavien-Dindo grade III complications. Cervical AL rates were similar between the groups (35% vs 25%, P = 0.49), even when conduit necrosis was included (35% vs 35%, P = 1). However, AL severity, including conduit necrosis, was higher in the control group according to the Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIb (5% vs 30%, P = 0.029) and Comprehensive Complication Index (20.9 vs 33.7, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in other postoperative complications, such as pneumonia or postoperative mortality. Conclusions: PAE is a feasible and safe method for gastric conditioning before McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy and shows promise for preventing severe AL. However, further studies are required to confirm its efficacy.

Characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated to other tumors / Características de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal asociados a otras neoplasias

Introduction: Our aim is to analyze the differences between sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors and those associated with other tumors. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including patients with diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors operated at our center. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether or not they had associated other tumors, both synchronously and metachronously. Disease free survival and overall survival were calculated for both groups. Results: 96 patients were included, 60 (62.5%) were male, with a median age of 66.8 years (35–84). An association with other tumors was found in 33 cases (34.3%); 12 were synchronous (36.3%) and 21 metachronous (63.7%). The presence of mutations in associated tumors was 70% and in non-associated tumors 75%. Associated tumors were classified as low risk tumors based on Fletcher's stratification scale (p=0.001) as they usually were smaller in size and had less than ≤5 mitosis per 50 HPF compared to non-associated tumors. When analyzing overall survival, there were statistically significant differences (p=0.035) between both groups. Conclusion: The relatively high proportion of gastrointestinal stromal tumors cases with associated tumors suggests the need to carry out a study to rule out presence of a second neoplasm and a long-term follow-up should be carried out in order to diagnose a possible second neoplasm. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated with other tumors have usually low risk of recurrence with a good long-term prognosis.(AU)

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si existen diferencias entre los GIST esporádicos y los que se presentan asociados a otros tumores. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes operados de tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) en nuestro centro. Se dividió a los pacientes en función de si presentaban otros tumores asociados o no, de forma sincrónica o metacrónica. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global se calcularon en ambos grupos. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 96 pacientes, 60 (62,5%) eran hombres con una media de edad de 66,8 años (35-84). Se encontró una asociación con otros tumores en 33 casos (34,3%); 12 de manera sincrónica (36,3%) y 21 metacrónica (63,7%). La presencia de mutaciones en el grupo de tumores asociados fue de 70% y en el de no asociados de 75%. Los tumores asociados se clasificaron como tumores de bajo riesgo según la escala de Fletcher (p = 0,001), ya que fueron de menor tamaño y presentaron menos de ≤ 5 mitosis por 50 HPF en comparación con los no asociados. Al analizar la supervivencia global, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos (p = 0,035). Conclusión: La proporción relativamente alta de casos de GIST con tumores asociados sugiere la necesidad de realizar un estudio para descartar la presencia de una segunda neoplasia y, tras el tratamiento de GIST, elaborar un seguimiento a largo plazo para diagnosticar una posible segunda neoplasia. Los GIST asociados a otros tumores suelen tener un riesgo bajo de recurrencia con un buen pronóstico a largo plazo.(AU)

Characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated to other tumors: Características de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal asociados a otras neoplasias.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim is to analyze the differences between sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors and those associated with other tumors. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including patients with diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors operated at our center. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether or not they had associated other tumors, both synchronously and metachronously. Disease free survival and overall survival were calculated for both groups. RESULTS: 96 patients were included, 60 (62.5%) were male, with a median age of 66.8 (35-84). An association with other tumors was found in 33 cases (34.3%); 12 were synchronous (36.3%) and 21 metachronous (63.7%). The presence of mutations in associated tumors was 70% and in non-associated tumors 75%. Associated tumors were classified as low risk tumors based on Fletcher's stratification scale (p = 0.001) as they usually were smaller in size and had less than ≤5 mitosis per 50 HPF compared to non-associated tumors. When analyzing overall survival, there were statistically significant differences (p = 0,035) between both groups. CONCLUSION: The relatively high proportion of gastrointestinal stromal tumors cases with associated tumors suggests the need to carry out a study to rule out presence of a second neoplasm and a long-term follow-up should be carried out in order to diagnose a possible second neoplasm. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated with other tumors have usually low risk of recurrence with a good long-term prognosis.

Short-term postoperative outcomes of gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated with curative intent in low-volume centers.

BACKGROUND: Quality standards in postoperative outcomes have not yet been defined for gastric cancer surgery. Also, the effect of centralization of gastric cancer surgery on the improvement of postoperative outcomes continues to be debated. Short-term postoperative outcomes in gastric carcinoma patients in centers with low-volume of annual gastrectomies were assessed. The effect of age on major postoperative morbidity and mortality was also analyzed. METHODS: Patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction Siewert III type carcinomas who underwent surgical treatment with curative intent between January 2013 and December 2016 were included. Data were obtained from the population-based surgical registry Esophagogastric Carcinoma Registry of the Comunitat Valenciana (RECEG-CV). The RECEG-CV gathers information on demographic characteristics and comorbidity, preoperative study and neoadjuvant treatment, surgical procedure, pathological study, postoperative outcomes, and follow-up. Seventeen hospitals belonging to the public network participated in this registry. RESULTS: Data from 591 patients were analyzed. Postoperative major morbidity occurred in 154 (26.1%) patients. Overall 30-day or in-hospital mortality, and 90-day postoperative mortality rates were 8.6% and 10.1% respectively. Failure-to-rescue was 39% and it was significantly higher in patients aged 75 years or older in comparison with younger patients (55.3% vs 23.1% p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 75 years (p = 0.029), laparoscopic approach (p = 0.005), and total gastrectomy (p = 0.005) were associated with major postoperative morbidity. Age ≥ 75 years (p = 0.027), pulmonary complications (p = 0.001), cardiac complications (p = 0.001), leakage (p = 0.003), and hemorrhage (p = 0.013) were associated with postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Centralization of gastric adenocarcinoma treatment in centers with higher annual caseload should be considered to improve the short-term postoperative outcomes in low-volume centers. Patients aged 75 or older had a significantly increased risk of major postoperative morbidity and mortality, and higher failure-to-rescue.

When laparoscopic repair is feasible for diaphragmatic hernia in adults? A retrospective study and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic hernia (DH), congenital or traumatic, is uncommon but sometimes can lead to a serious surgical emergency. There are no clinical guidelines or approved recommendations for the management of this condition, and most data are from retrospective, single-institution series. The aim is to analyze the management of the DH at our institution and review the indications for laparoscopic repair. METHODS: A retrospective serie of patients diagnosed of DH with surgical treatment at our institution between 2009 and 2019. Literature review was carried out to establish the current indications of laparoscopic repair in each type of DH. RESULTS: Surgery was carried out in 15 patients with DH, 5 congenital and 10 traumatic hernias. Traumatic hernias were classified as acute (n = 2) and chronic (n = 8). 53.4% of all cases (8 patients) required urgent surgery using an abdominal approach (5 open and 3 laparoscopic) and elective surgery was performed in 46.6% of all cases (7 patients) with an abdominal approach (3 open and 4 laparoscopic) and 2 patients with a combined approach. Primary repair was performed in 4 patients (26.6%), closure and mesh reinforcement in 9 cases (60%) and only mesh placement in 2 patients (13.4%). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 20% and 0%, respectively. No recurrences were detected. CONCLUSIONS: DH may pose different scenarios which require urgent or elective surgical treatment. Laparoscopic approach may be a first option in elective surgery; and in emergency setting taking into account hemodynamic stability and associated injuries.

Modified Devine Exclusion for Unresectable Distal Gastric Cancer in Symptomatic Patients.

BACKGROUND: In patients with outlet obstruction syndrome and/or severe anemia secondary to unresectable gastric cancer (GC), partial stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy, or modified Devine exclusion, is a surgical alternative. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with unresectable distal GC treated with modified Devine exclusion as palliative surgery between February 2005 and December 2015. It consisted of a series of 10 patients with outlet obstruction syndrome and/or severe anemia. The outcomes of this technique were based on oral tolerance, blood transfusions, postoperative complications, and survival. RESULTS: Early oral tolerance and a low rate of blood transfusions were observed postoperatively. There was no postoperative mortality and a very low complication rate without anastomotic leakage. Median survival was 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Partial stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy is a safe procedure for unresectable GC which can improve the quality of life of these patients.

"Magic" of our gastric cancer results on perioperative chemotherapy.

AIM: To determine reproducibility of perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) on our settings by identifying patient's overall survival and comparing them to larger studies. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of our series, where we present our eleven-year's experience on GC managed according to perioperative approach of three preoperative chemotherapy cycles followed by surgery and finally three postoperative chemotherapy cycles. Chemotherapic scheme used was Xelox (Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine). Epidemiologic parameters as well as surgical variables were analysed, presented, and compared to other series with similar approaches. Survival was estimated by Kaplan Meier/log rank method and also compared to these studies. RESULTS: Mean age was 65 years old. Overall survival in our series was 37.7%, similar to other groups using perioperative schemes. Mortality was 4% and morbidity 30%, which are also similar to those groups. Survival curves were compared to larger studies, finding similarities on them. Subgroup survival analysis between chemotherapy responders and non-responders didn't reach statically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Perioperative chemotherapic scheme can be reproduced on our setting with good results and without increasing morbidity or mortality.

Cardiac complications after laparoscopic large hiatal hernia repair. Is it related with staple fixation of the mesh? -Report of three cases.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic Nissen operation with mesh reinforcement remains being the most popular operation for large hiatal hernia repair. Complications related to mesh placement have been widely described. Cardiac complications are rare, but have a fatal outcome if they are misdiagnosed. PRESENTATION OF CASES: We sought to outline our institutional experience of three patients who developed cardiac complications following a laparoscopic Nissen operation for large hiatal hernia repair. DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic hiatoplasty and Nissen fundoplication are safe and effective procedures for the hiatal hernia repair, but they are not exempt from complications. Fixation technique and material used must be taken into account. We have conducted a review of the literature on complications related to these procedures. CONCLUSION: In the differential diagnosis of hemodynamic instability after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair, cardiac tamponade and other cardiac complications should be considered.

Combined Treatment of an Aortoesophageal Fistula After Aortoplasty for Aortic Stenosis.

The aortoesophageal fistula secondary to the rupture of an aneurysm is a rare entity that usually has a fatal outcome. We present the case of a young patient with an aortoesophageal fistula secondary to a thoracic aortic aneurysm successfully treated with a combination of endoscopic and surgical techniques.

Recurrence of esophageal cancer after R0 surgery. Risk factors and evolution.

INTRODUCTION: despite advances in surgical and adjuvant therapy, recurrence in esophageal cancer submitted to R0 surgery remains high. The aim is to define risk factors and recurrence patterns. Additionally, to show the management carried out and the outcome of patients showing recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: observational and prospective study that included 61 patients. Neoadjuvancy therapy was indicated on T3, T4 and N+ tumors and every lymph node dissection was performed in two fields. Recurrence is defined at distance, regional or local, when, recurrence is detected after six months. According to clinical features and the recurrences, a palliative, chemotherapeutic or surgical management was indicated. RESULTS: there were 54 men and the mean age was 59.7 years. The most frequent stage was the IIA and 17 (27.9%) had positive lymph nodes. Thirty (49.2%) had showed recurrence with a median disease-free interval of 10.5 months. The pTNM, the absence of response to the neoadjuvancy and the presence of compromised lymph nodes were found to be risk factors for recurrence. Only the presence of compromised lymph nodes was significant in the multivariate analysis. After diagnosis of the recurrence, median survival was 7 months and 6 subjects survived beyond 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: we confirmed the high incidence of recurrence in esophageal cancer, where the presence of compromised lymph nodes is probably the main risk factor. After the diagnosis of a relapse the prognosis would be bad, however there would be a small subsidiary group for treatment where outcomes would be better.

The influence of advanced age on the morbi-mortality of gastric cancer after curative surgery.

INTRODUCTION: gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Spain after lung, colorectal, breast and prostate tumours. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment in localized gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and surgical aspects, development of postoperative complications and outcomes of patients over 75 years old compared with younger patients in our centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: comparative retrospective study, from March 2003 to June 2011. We diagnosed 166 cases of GC, 109 (65 %) underwent curative surgery. Two groups were settled: group M: < or = 75 years (41 patients) and group m: < 75 years (68 patients). We analyzed age, sex, comorbidities, tumour location, clinical stage, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical technique, postoperative complications, recurrence and mortality from cancer. RESULTS: a more frequent presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and a greater postoperative mortality by medical causes were the only significant differences between both groups. Also, a lower proportion of patients in group M received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent D1 lymphadenectomy. However, the rate of local and systemic recurrence and overall survival were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: age should not be considered a contraindication for curative surgery on GC. The general condition and comorbidities are more important to contraindicate surgical treatment.

Recidiva en cáncer de esófago tras cirugía R0. Factores de riesgo y evolución / Recurrence of esophageal cancer after R0 surgery. Risk factors and evolution

Introducción: pese a los avances quirúrgicos y en terapia complementaria, la recidiva en el cáncer de esófago sometido a cirugía R0 sigue siendo alta. El objetivo es definir factores de riesgo y patrones de recidiva. También mostrar el manejo realizado y la evolución de los pacientes con recidiva. Material y métodos: estudio observacional y prospectivo que incluye a 61 pacientes. La neoadyuvancia se indicó frente a tumores T3, T4 o N+ y se realiza a todos disección ganglionar en dos campos. Se define recidiva a distancia, regional o local, cuando después de 6 meses se detecta recurrencia. De acuerdo con las características clínicas y de las recidivas, se indica un manejo paliativo, quimioterápico o quirúrgico. Resultados: hubo 54 varones y la edad media fue de 59,7 años. El estadio más frecuente fue el IIA y 17 (27,9%) tenían ganglios positivos. Un total de 30 (49,2%) presentaron recidiva con una mediana de intervalo libre de enfermedad de 10,5 meses. El pTNM, la ausencia de respuesta a la neaodyuvancia y la presencia de ganglios comprometidos resultaron ser factores de riesgo para recidiva. Este último también fue significativo en el análisis multivariante. Tras el diagnóstico de recidiva, la mediana de supervivencia fue de 7 meses, y 6 pacientes alcanzaron una supervivencia superior a un año. Conclusiones: corroboramos la alta incidencia de recidiva del cáncer de esófago, siendo posiblemente el principal factor de riesgo la presencia de ganglios comprometidos. Tras el diagnóstico de una recidiva el pronóstico sería malo, sin embargo existiría un pequeño grupo subsidiario de tratamiento con mejores expectativas (AU)

Introduction: despite advances in surgical and adjuvant therapy, recurrence in esophageal cancer submitted to R0 surgery remains high. The aim is to define risk factors and recurrence patterns. Additionally, to show the management carried out and the outcome of patients showing recurrence. Material and methods: observational and prospective study that included 61 patients. Neoadjuvancy therapy was indicated on T3, T4 and N+ tumors and every lymph node dissection was performed in two fields. Recurrence is defined at distance, regional or local, when, recurrence is detected after six months. According to clinical features and the recurrences, a palliative, chemotherapeutic or surgical management was indicated. Results: there were 54 men and the mean age was 59.7 years. The most frequent stage was the IIA and 17 (27.9%) had positive lymph nodes. Thirty (49.2%) had showed recurrence with a median disease-free interval of 10.5 months. The pTNM, the absence of response to the neoadjuvancy and the presence of compromised lymph nodes were found to be risk factors for recurrence. Only the presence of compromised lymph nodes was significant in the multivariate analysis. After diagnosis of the recurrence, median survival was 7 months and 6 subjects survived beyond 1 year. Conclusions: we confirmed the high incidence of recurrence in esophageal cancer, where the presence of compromised lymph nodes is probably the main risk factor. After the diagnosis of a relapse the prognosis would be bad, however there would be a small subsidiary group for treatment where outcomes would be better (AU)

Influencia de la edad avanzada en la morbimortalidad del cáncer gástrico tras la cirugía con intención curativa / The influence of advanced age on the morbi-mortality of gastric cancer after curative surgery

Introducción: el cáncer gástrico (CG) es la cuarta causa de muerte en ambos sexos por cáncer en España tras los tumores de pulmón, colorrectal, mama y próstata. La cirugía continúa siendo el único tratamiento potencialmente curativo en el cáncer gástrico localizado. Objetivo: evaluar y comparar los aspectos clínicos, quirúrgicos, el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias y la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 75 años comparados con los pacientes menores de 75 años intervenidos en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo retrospectivo desde marzo de 2003 a junio de 2011. Se diagnosticaron 166 casos de CG, de ellos, 109 (65 %) fueron intervenidos con intención curativa, estableciéndose dos grupos: grupo M: ≥ 75 años (41 pacientes) y grupo m: < 75 años (68 pacientes). Se analizaron edad, sexo, comorbilidades, localización tumoral, estadio clínico, administración de quimioterapia perioperatoria, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones postoperatorias, recidiva y mortalidad por la neoplasia. Resultados: como diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de edad fueron una mayor presencia de comorbilidades cardiovasculares en el grupo M, así como mayor mortalidad postoperatoria por causa médica. Asimismo, una menor proporción de pacientes del grupo M recibieron quimioterapia preoperatoria y se les realizó linfadenectomía D1. Sin embargo, la tasa de recidivas, local y sistémica, y la supervivencia global fueron similares en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: la edad no debe ser considerada como contraindicación para realizar cirugía curativa del CG, sino que debe ser el estado general y las comorbilidades las que sienten la contraindicación quirúrgica (AU)

Introduction: gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Spain after lung, colorectal, breast and prostate tumours. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment in localized gastric cancer. Objective: the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and surgical aspects, development of postoperative complications and outcomes of patients over 75 years old compared with younger patients in our centre. Material and methods: comparative retrospective study, from March 2003 to June 2011. We diagnosed 166 cases of GC, 109 (65 %) underwent curative surgery. Two groups were settled: group M: ≥ 75 years (41 patients) and group m: < 75 years (68 patients). We analyzed age, sex, comorbidities, tumour location, clinical stage, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical technique, postoperative complications, recurrence and mortality from cancer. Results: a more frequent presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and a greater postoperative mortality by medical causes were the only significant differences between both groups. Also, a lower proportion of patients in group M received preoperative chemo - therapy and underwent D1 lymphadenectomy. However, the rate of local and systemic recurrence and overall survival were similar in both groups. Conclusions: age should not be considered a contraindication for curative surgery on GC. The general condition and comorbidities are more important to contraindicate surgical treatment (AU)

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores del estroma gastrointenstinal. Análisis de nuestra experiencia / Surgical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Analysis of our experience

Introducción Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) representan el 2% de los tumores digestivos. La cirugía constituye el único método curativo en los casos localizados. El abordaje laparoscópico se ha extendido en los últimos años. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de los GIST. Material y métodos Entre 1997 y 2010 se ha intervenido con intención curativa a 40 pacientes de un total de 45 diagnosticados de GIST. Recogimos prospectivamente datos referentes a: características demográficas, localización y biología tumoral, diagnóstico, tipo de cirugía y resultados de la misma. Resultados Se trataba de 24 varones y 16 mujeres con una edad media de 66,7 años. La localización fue gástrica en 24 casos (60%), en el intestino delgado 13 (32,5%), en el colon 2 (5%) y en el esófago 1 (2,5%). Fueron intervenidos por laparotomía 27 casos, 12 mediante laparoscopia (1 toracoscopia) y 1 resección endoscópica en tumor de sigma. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 31 meses (2-120) han recidivado 4 casos (10%) todos tras laparotomía. Dos pacientes del grupo de laparotomía han fallecido por la neoplasia. Tras el estudio univariante los factores pronósticos para la RL fueron: tamaño tumoral (p=0,0001), número de mitosis (p=0,001), tratarse de un tumor localmente avanzado (p=0,01) y la rotura tumoral (p=0,002). Tras el estudio multivariante solo permanece el tamaño (p=0,029; RR 1,363; IC 95% 1,033-1,799). Para la supervivencia, tras el estudio univariante, se muestra significativa la presencia de tumor localmente avanzado, mientras que ningún factor se muestra significativo tras el estudio multivariante (AU)

Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) make up 2% of gastrointestinal tumours. Surgery is the only treatment method in localised cases. The laparoscopic approach has increased over the last few years. We present our experience in the treatment of GIST. Material and methods A total of 40 patients with 45 GIST had been subjected to surgical treatment between 1997 and 2010. Data was retrospectively collected on, demographic characteristics, location and tumour biology, diagnosis, type of surgery and the results of that surgery. Results A total of 24 males and 16 women, with a mean age of 66.7 years, were treated. The location was gastric in 24 cases (60%), small intestine in 13 (32.5%), colon in 2 (5%) and oesophagus in 1 case (2.5%). Laparotomy was performed in 27 cases, 12 by laparoscopy (1 thoracoscopy), and 1 endoscopic sigmoid tumour resection. Four cases (10%), all after laparotomy, had recurred after a median follow-up of 31 months (2-120), and 2 patients of the laparotomy group died due to their cancer. After a univariate analysis, the prognostic factors for a laparoscopic recurrence were: tumour size (P=.0001), mitosis number (P=.001), being a locally advanced tumour (P=.01) and a ruptured tumour (P=.002). Only size remained as a prognostic factor after the multivariate analysis (P=.029; RR 1.363; 95% CI; 1.033-1.799). The presence of a locally advanced tumour was shown to be significant in the univariate analysis, while there were no significant factors after the multivariate analysis (AU)

[Surgical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Analysis of our experience]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores del estroma gastrointenstinal. Análisis de nuestra experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) make up 2% of gastrointestinal tumours. Surgery is the only treatment method in localised cases. The laparoscopic approach has increased over the last few years. We present our experience in the treatment of GIST. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients with 45 GIST had been subjected to surgical treatment between 1997 and 2010. Data was retrospectively collected on, demographic characteristics, location and tumour biology, diagnosis, type of surgery and the results of that surgery. RESULTS: A total of 24 males and 16 women, with a mean age of 66.7 years, were treated. The location was gastric in 24 cases (60%), small intestine in 13 (32.5%), colon in 2 (5%) and oesophagus in 1 case (2.5%). Laparotomy was performed in 27 cases, 12 by laparoscopy (1 thoracoscopy), and 1 endoscopic sigmoid tumour resection. Four cases (10%), all after laparotomy, had recurred after a median follow-up of 31 months (2-120), and 2 patients of the laparotomy group died due to their cancer. After a univariate analysis, the prognostic factors for a laparoscopic recurrence were: tumour size (P=.0001), mitosis number (P=.001), being a locally advanced tumour (P=.01) and a ruptured tumour (P=.002). Only size remained as a prognostic factor after the multivariate analysis (P=.029; RR 1.363; 95% CI; 1.033-1.799). The presence of a locally advanced tumour was shown to be significant in the univariate analysis, while there were no significant factors after the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Correct preoperative staging is essential for deciding which surgical approach to employ.

Results on prognostic value of mutations in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in one single center.

INTRODUCTION: to study the prognostic value of mutations in KIT or PDGFRA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) managed in our department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: forty five patients with localized GIST underwent surgery between 1998 and 2010. Thirty six patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. DNA was isolated from 3 to 5 ìm sections of fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Exon 9, 11, 13 and 17 of c-kit gene and exon 12 and 18 of PDGFRA were amplified by PCR and sequenced. RESULTS: tumors with mutations were larger at the surgery and showed higher mitotic count (p < 0.05). The mutations were found in 22 patients (61.2%), 18 had mutations in exon 11 of c-kit gene. PDGFRA mutations were located in exon 12. The 5-years relapsefree survival rate for patients with tumors having mutations was 38% and 100% for patients without mutations (p < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse for patients with mutations (20 vs. 97%, p < 0.01), with tumors larger than 5 cm (28 vs. 97%, p < 0.01) and with > 50 mitosis/HPF (42 vs. 88%, p < 0.03). Multivariate analyses indicated that the mutations, mitotic counts, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with localized GIST. CONCLUSIONS: in this series, having a detected mutation is a poor prognostic factor with significantly increased recurrence rate and shortens survival.

Results on prognostic value of mutations in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in one single center / Valor pronóstico de las mutaciones en tumores estromales gastrointestinales localizados (GIST): resultados de un solo centro

Introduction: to study the prognostic value of mutations in KIT or PDGFRA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) managed in our department. Materials and methods: forty five patients with localized GIST underwent surgery between 1998 and 2010. Thirty six patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. DNA was isolated from 3 to 5 ìm sections of fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Exon 9, 11, 13 and 17 of c-kit gene and exon 12 and 18 of PDGFRA were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results: tumors with mutations were larger at the surgery and showed higher mitotic count (p < 0.05). The mutations were found in 22 patients (61.2%), 18 had mutations in exon 11 of c-kit gene. PDGFRA mutations were located in exon 12. The 5-years relapsefree survival rate for patients with tumors having mutations was 38% and 100% for patients without mutations (p < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse for patients with mutations (20 vs. 97%, p < 0.01), with tumors larger than 5 cm (28 vs. 97%, p < 0.01) and with > 50 mitosis/HPF (42 vs. 88%, p < 0.03). Multivariate analyses indicated that the mutations, mitotic counts, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with localized GIST. Conclusions: in this series, having a detected mutation is a poor prognostic factor with significantly increased recurrence rate and shortens survival(AU)